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Efficacy Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Products in Japan
( Hitoshi Masaki ) 대한화장품학회 2003 대한화장품학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Two categories of cosmetic products, cosmetics and quasi-drugs, have been established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Japanese pharmaceutical law has defined that products categorized as cosmetics do not exhibit any effects on human skin. In fact, cosmetic products are not permitted to claim any efficacy. On the other hand, products in the quasi-drug category can claim several efficacies such as anti-inflammatory effects, whitening/lightning effects, hair growth effects and so on. Unfortunately, the Japanese MHLW has not yet approved the efficacy of anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects as a claim point. However, the population is aging, and the demand for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle products is increasing year by year. Japanese cosmetic companies have proposed to the MHLW that anti-aging/anti-wrinkle agents be approved as a claim concept of a quasi-drug. However, unified evaluation methods for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects have not been established. Currently, each company evaluates the efficacy of products/materials using their own original methods. Thus, to request approval of the MHLW, the establishment of a unified evaluation method is needed. Consequently, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) has established a task force to develop guidelines for evaluating anti-wrinkle effects in 1998. In conclusion, the JCIA would like to adopt visual and image analysis scales to evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects objectively. Generally, wrinkles are roughly classified into three groups as fine wrinkles, linear deep wrinkles and crow's feet. However, academic societies of dermatology or cosmetics have not yet established a definition of wrinkles in Japan. Thus, in advance of setting up an evaluation method, the definition of wrinkles f3r evaluation must be decided. Wrinkles are defined by the task force of the JCIA as follows; furrows that people can recognize visually and that appear on the forehead, the corners of the eyes and the backs of the neck with aging. In addition, furrows are emphasized by exposure to solar light and by dry conditions. Visual evaluation is the most sensitive method and can be applied to most types of wrinkles. However, visual evaluation is hard to express digitally as results. Besides, in the case of image analysis, comparisons of data obtained from distinct examinations can not be done, because data from image analysis are relative values. Thus, to enhance the reliability of the evaluations, the adoption of an objective scale was required. The principle of the evaluation method is to analyze images taken from silicone replicas of wrinkle areas using several parameters, such as the proportion of the wrinkle $area({\%})$, the mean depth of the wrinkles (mm), the mean depth of the deepest wrinkle (m) and the deepest point on the deepest wrinkle. Lights are shown on the skin replica from an orthogonal direction of the main orientation of the wrinkle, and the resulting shadow images are quantified by the image analysis method. To increase the precision of the data or to allow comparisons of independent examinations, a scale with furrows of several depths, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000μm, is adapted in the evaluation system. I will explain the guidelines established by the JCIA in the presentation.
High Field ESR Measurements on One Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Zigzag Chain Systems
Hitoshi Ohta,Susumu Okubo,Kousuke Shiraki,Makoto Yoshida,Alexei A. Belik,Masaki Azuma 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.2
In order to study the dynamical properties of the S = 1/2 one-dimensional zigzag chain anti-ferromagnet PbCuP2O7, we performed high field electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of powder and magnetically aligned samples of PbCuP2O7 by using pulsed magnetic fields up to 15 T in the temperature range from 1.7 to 265 K. Dynamical properties, such as the increases in the g-value and the linewidth at low temperature, are observed. By the aid of a direct numerical ESR calculation, the observed g-shift can be understood only by assuming the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction in the system. This is a new approach to determine the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction in a S = 1/2 one-dimensional antiferromagnet.
Japanese Expressions that Include English Expressions
( Masaki Murata ),( Toshiyuki Kanamaru ),( Koichirou Nakamoto ),( Katsunori Kotani ),( Hitoshi Isahara ) 한국언어정보학회 2007 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-
We extracted English expressions that appear in Japanese sentences in newspaper articles and on the Internet. The results obtained from the newspaper articles showed that the preposition "in" has been regularly used for more than ten years, and it is still regularly used now. The results obtained from the Internet articles showed there were many kinds of English expressions from various parts of speech. We extracted some interesting expressions that included English prepositions and verb phrases. These were interesting because they had different word orders to the normal order in Japanese expressions. Comparing the extracted English and katakana expressions, we found that the expressions that are commonly used in Japanese are often written in the katakana syllabary and that the expressions that are not so often used in Japanese, such as prepositions, are hardly ever written in the katakana syllabary.
Genetic association of swine leukocyte antigen class II haplotypes and body weight in Microminipigs
Tatsuya Matsubara,Masaki Takasu,Noriaki Imaeda,Naohito Nishii,Satoshi Takashima,Takashi Nishimura,Toshiaki Nishimura,Takashi Shiina,Asako Ando,Hitoshi Kitagawa 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2
Objective: Microminipigs are a novel animal model with extensive applications in laboratory studies owing, in part, to their extremely small body sizes. In this study, the relationship between swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class II haplotype and body weight was evaluated in the Microminipig population. Methods: A total of 1,900 haplotypes, covering SLA class II haplotypes Lr-0.7, Lr-0.23, Lr-0.17, Lr-0.37, Lr-0.16, Lr-0.11, Lr-0.13, and Lr-0.18, were analyzed in 950 piglets. Birth weights and weights on postnatal day 50 were examined in piglets with eight different SLA class II haplotypes. Results: The mean birth weight of piglets with the Lr-0.23 haplotype (0.415 kg, n = 702) was significantly lower than that of piglets with Lr-0.17 (0.445 kg, n = 328) and Lr-0.37 (0.438 kg, n = 383) haplotypes. At postnatal day 50, the mean body weight of piglets with the Lr-0.23 haplotype (3.14 kg) was significantly lower than that of piglets with the Lr-0.13 haplotype (3.46 kg, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in daily gains (DGs) among the eight haplotypes. However, piglets with the Lr-0.11 and -0.18 haplotype combination or any heterozygous haplotype combinations containing Lr-0.23 had significantly lower DGs than those of piglets with the Lr-0.18, 0.37 haplotype combination. Conclusion: Piglets with the Lr-0.23 haplotype had relatively low body weights at birth and on postnatal day 50 and slightly lower DGs than those of piglets with other haplotypes. Therefore, the Lr-0.23 SLA class II haplotype may be a suitable marker for the selective breeding of Microminipigs with small body sizes.
Fabrication of La2O3-TiO2-SiO2 System Glass Derived from a Sol-Gel Process
Mitsunobu Iwasaki,Hitoshi Masaki,Seishiro Ito,박원규 한국세라믹학회 2007 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.44 No.3
La2O3-TiO2-SiO2 glass, a type that could not obtained so far by the conventional melting method, was prepared successfully using a sol-gel process. Glass derived with the sol-gel process has compositions of 5La2O3-5TiO2-90SiO2, 5La2O3-10TiO2-85SiO2, and 5La2O3-20TiO2-75SiO2. The UV-visible absorption edge of all glass compositions was below 400 nm. The measured density is in the range of 2.55-2.89, and was nearly identical to the calculated density and the refractive index of the glasses derived from the sol-gel ranges from 1.545 to 1.645. The molar additive coefficient of TiO2 measured in this ternary system is lower than the calculated value, while the value of La2O3 is higher.
Iwasaki, Mitsunobu,Masaki, Hitoshi,Ito, Seishiro,Park, Won-Kyu The Korean Ceramic Society 2007 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.44 No.3
$La_{2}O_{3}-TiO_{2}-SiO_{2}$ glass, a type that could not obtained so far by the conventional melting method, was prepared successfully using a sol gel process. Glass derived with the sol-gel process has compositions of $5La_{2}O_{3}-5TiO_{2}-90SiO_{2},\;5La_{2}O_{3}-10TiO_{2}-85SiO_{2}$, and $5La_{2}O_{3}-20TiO_{2}75SiO_{2}$. The UV-visible absorption edge of all glass compositions was below 400 nm. The measured density is in the range of 2.55-2.89, and was nearly identical to the calculated density and the refractive index of the glasses derived from the sol-gel ranges from 1.545 to 1.645. The molar additive coefficient of $TiO_{2}$ measured in this ternary system is lower than the calculated value, while the value of $La_{2}O_{3}$ is higher.