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Henry Hing-Yip Tsang(Henry Hing-Yip Tsang ) 한국캐나다학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.23 No.2
Immigrants from Asian countries to Canada has a history dating back to the 18th Century, and Asian-Canadians today make up an increasingly significant part of the Canadian population. As these communities grow over generations, they become an integral part of the culture and heritage of Canada’s own culture of multiculturalism. Originating from Asia and reestablishing themselves in Canada, immigrants carry with them culture, customs and away of life to their new home, ranging from new food, fashion, customs, language and even the way to construct buildings. This paper studies the relationship of Asian immigrant communities with the spaces and buildings they occupy, and how they inhabit and adapted spaces, buildings and cities to represent the culture and identity of their country of origin. In particular, the paper will focus on three major Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Japanese and Korean, trace their paths and identify major tendencies in how each have attempted to preserve culture and express identity in the design of significant buildings in their communities. The research methodology consists firstly of literature review on the subject of Asian immigration and the mapping of major architectural style trends in Canada. Secondly, a selection of buildings were identified from each community for further analysis, including site visits, study of architectural drawings, plans, photographs, as well as interviews with building occupants to better understand the significance of these buildings and how they were conceived to represent their ethnic communities. Preliminary results indicate that the Chinese community, with along history of immigration to Canada, expresses identity mainly in the exterior appearance of the buildings. The Japanese community has a scattered history of immigration to Canada and the expression of identity is rather subdued and the expression is present mainly in the building’s interior. The Korean community is relatively young in Canada, and has a tendency to adapt existing spaces and buildings, while expressing culture and identity through signage and decoration.
A Brief Review of the Traditional Indigenous Architecture of Canada
Henry Hing-Yip Tsang(Henry Hing-Yip Tsang ) 한국캐나다학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.25 No.2
The identity of Canadian architecture is hard to define. Many waves of immigration of all contributed in sculpting the built environment in Canadian cities. Identity has much to do with origins, therefore tracing Canadian architecture should start by studying the architecture of our First Nations and indigenous people. This paper briefly explores the roots of Canadian architecture tracing back to the various indigenous tribes of Canada and outlines the main characteristics of the vernacular architecture built by these people. This paper review seven major typologies of indigenous architecture found in Canada: the Wigwam, the Longhouse, the Tipi, the Pit House, the Thule Winter House, the Plank House and the Igloo. Different indigenous tribes construct different styles of architecture as shelters that respond to their particular abodes and lifestyle. For instance, tribes living in colder climates construct narrow entrance tunnels for preventing cold wind drifts, whiles other tribes dig earth and construct their shelters protected by tree bark and soil. Further, living styles also influence the different types of shelters. Nomadic tribes carry thin long logs and animal hide with them and construct Pit Houses in places where they spend days chasing bison herds. Other tribes, engaged in agriculture therefore need a more permanent residence, such as the Iroquois who build Longhouses with wood bark and mats. Although this paper is brief, it lays the foundation for those who wish to understand and pursue further research into the different typologies of indigenous architecture of Canada.
Transforming Representations of Intangible Heritage at Iziko (National) Museums, South Africa
Henry C. Jatti Bredekamp 국립민속박물관 2006 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.1 No.-
The article is about the dilemma of transforming fiveformer national museums in South Africa into oneamalgamated heritage institution subscribing to a postapartheidnational agenda and UNESCO’s broad definitionof intangible heritage. By way of introduction it situates theintangible heritage discourse in the country against thebackdrop of a transformation process initiated after 1994,which led, inter alia, to the formation of Iziko Museums byan Act of Parliament. The larger part of the paper isdevoted to the question of the extent to which IzikoMuseums can regard its inherited collections (from 1825)in the Social History, Natural History and Art Collectionsfunctional units - representing the various domains ofexpressions of living cultural heritage - as genuinerepresentations of intangible heritage from the Cape toCairo and beyond.
Henry J. Tanudjaja,Angie Qi Qi Ng,Jia Wei Chew 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-
Membrane fouling by the high protein concentrations used in the biopharmaceutical industry remainspoorly understood. In this study, feed concentrations of up to 10,000 ppm of bovine serum albumin(BSA) were investigated with three polymeric membranes, two of which had the same molecular weightcut-off (namely, PES100 and PSF100), and two were of the same membrane material (namely, PES100 andPES10). A crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) setup equipped with electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) wasused. Results indicate that fouling was predominantly external for all cases, except for the PES100 membrane(i.e., most porous) at 10,000 ppm of BSA, whereby fouling was internal which led to the greatestflux decline. For 10,000 ppm of BSA, (i) for the PES100 and PSF100 membranes, the Nyquist plots shiftedto the left initially, then to the right as the BSA deposition started, but (ii) for the tighter PES10 membrane,the shifts kept going leftwards due to NaCl accumulation out-pacing BSA build-up. The main takeawayfor filtering feeds with high BSA concentrations is that higher steady-state flux could be achieved byaverting internal fouling, either through using membranes with dense internal structures or lowerMWCO.
Study of Green Building Certification in Canada - Limiting Factors to Attain Net-Zero Standards -
Henry Hing-Yip Tsang 대한건축학회지회연합회 2016 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.18 No.4
Countries around the world are aiming to reduce carbon footprint to halt climate change. The building sector being responsible for carbon emissions, green building certification programs establish the current standards in order to construct green buildings, and such programs gradually are regularly updated to have standard levels increased. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program is widely used in over 150 countries in the world, including Canada. With standards higher than LEED, programs such as the Living Building Challenge (LBC) program, targets net-zero waste, water and energy. This paper outlines the current state of green buildings in Canada and the limiting factors of these buildings to reach standards of net-zero waste, water and energy, such as described by the Living Building Challenge program. Firstly, the paper describes Canada’s current green building standards by analyzing data of LEED certified buildings provided by the Canada Green Building Council. Second, a thorough analysis of the scorecards of the Platinum level buildings will be analyzed to identify the limiting factors of these buildings to achieve net-zero standards. Results indicate that the major limiting factor for each category is Water is Innovation and Technology, for Energy is to Optimize Energy Performance, and for Waste is Building Reuse.