원효 저술에 대한 번역 현황과 그 연구사적 가치 고찰: 불교학술원 간행 『한글본 한국불교전서』 100권의 의의와 연계하여

한명숙(Han, Myung-Sook) 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2021 佛敎學報 Vol.- No.95

동국대학교 불교학술원에서 간행 혹은 간행 예정인 「한글본 한국불교전서」 100권 중 원효와 관련된 저술의 특성과 의의를 조망하는 것이 이 글의 목적이다. 필자는 먼저 원효 번역서 간행의 현대적 의미를 그 저술을 관통하는 보편적 사유체계인 화쟁(和諍)에서 찾고 원효의 화쟁과 관련하여 지금까지 논의되지 않았던 문제, 곧 “왜, 화쟁해야 하는가?”라는 의문을 제기하고 그 해답을 찾았다. 그 결과 중죄를 짓지 않는 길이고 번뇌장과 소지장으로부터 벗어나는 길이라는 화쟁의 불교적 의미를 확인할 수 있었다. 다음은 「한글본 한국불교전서」에 수록된 원효 관련 저술 11권을 그 성격에 의해 세 범주로 분류하여 그 특성과 의의를 밝혔다. 첫째, 『한국불교전서』에 수록된 원효 저술로 총 9권으로 간행되었다. 원문의 철저한 교감, 전문적인 각주, 새로운 문헌 발굴 성과의 반영(『판비량론』), 인도불교 ․ 한국불교 전공자의 연구성과의 반영(『이장의』) 등에서 기존 번역서와 차별되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 특성은 새로운 연구를 촉발시킬 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의가 자못 크다. 예를들어 『범망경보살계본사기』의 경우 저자와 찬술시기에 대한 이론(異論)이 제기되어 왔는데, 본서의 번역을 계기로 최유진과 한명숙에 의해 발전적 논의가 이루어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 한국불교전서 에 수록되지 않은 원효의 저술도 1권 간행되었는데 『집일 금광명경소』가 그것이다. 현재 전해지지 않는 『금광명경소』를 역자가 직접 원문을 편찬하고 번역하였다. 본서는 향후 원효의 불신론(佛身論)에 대한 연구, 신라의학의 특성에 대한 연구의 발전에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 셋째, 원효의 저술에 대한 주석서를 번역한 책도 1권 간행되었는데 『지범요기조람집』이 그것이다. 본서는 『보살계본지범요기』에 대한 신엔(眞圓)의 주석서이다. 본서는 『보살계본지범요기』와 관련하여 이루어진 쟁점의 내용을 확인하고 그에 대한 확장적 연구의 길을 열어 줄 것으로 기대된다. 마지막으로 한국불교의 지속적 발전을 위해 남겨진 과제를 제시하였다. 첫째, 전문성을 가진 번역자를 양성해야 한다. 둘째, 현재 전해지지 않는 한국 학승의 저술을 발굴해야 하고 아울러 『집일 금광명경소』와 같은 집일본을 만들어야 한다. 셋째, 한국 학승 찬술설이 제기된 문헌에 대한 지속적 연구를 지원하고 이를 통해 그 확정적 지위를 확보한 저술은 『한국불교전서』에 입장(入藏)해야 한다. 넷째, 한국학승에 대한 동아시아 학승의 주석서를 발굴하고 연구함으로써 한국불교의 외연을 넓혀야 한다. This thesis considers the nature and meaning of the Wonhyo-related writing among the 100 Volumes to publish and to be published by the Academy of Buddhist Studies, Dongguk University. First, this study identified the modern meaning for the translation publication in harmonizing disputes, which is the universal way of thought being included in the writing. “Why should hwajaeng be done?,” which, to date, has not been discussed in relation to the harmonizing disputes of Wonhyo, was also addressed. The results indicate that the Buddhist meaning of harmonizing disputes is not to commit a grave sin and to be free from hindrance of defilements and of the known. Next, 11 volumes of the Wonhyo-related writings included in Hangeulbon Hangukbulgyojeonseo were classified into three categories based on their traits, and the characteristics and meaning of each were revealed. It was determined that nine volumes of Wonhyo writings are included in Hangukbulgyojeonseo. This was found to differ from the existing translation in terms of the thorough correction of the original text, footnotes, the application of new bibliographies, the reflection of research results of the majors in Indian and Korean Buddhism, and so on. It is very significant in that this trait can provoke new research. For example, in the case of Beommangyeongbosalgyebonsagi, the writer and the writing period have been questioned, but through this translation. It could be verified that Choi, You-Jin, and Han, Myung-Sook presented a developmental discussion. The second result is that one writing of Wonhyo not included in Hangukbulgyojeonseo, Jipil-Geumgwangmyeonggyeongso, has been published. The translator compiled and translated the original of Geumgwangmyeonggyeongso, which is not handed down in person. It is expected that this text will help Wonhyo’s theory of the Buddha’s body and the traits of Shilla medical science to be studied in the future. Third, one translation of a commentary on Wonhyo writing has also been published, known as Jibeomyogijoramjip. This text is the commentary of Shinen for Bosalgyebonjibeomyogi. It is expected that this text will highlight the controversial issue in relation to Bosalgyebonjibeomyogi and pave the way to expanding research on it. Lastly, this study suggests remaining issues for the continuous development of Korean Buddhism. First, there is a need for professional translators. Second, the writings of learned monks have to be discovered, though they are not being handed down nowadays. In addition, Jipilbon has to be made, such as Jipil-Geumgwangmyeonggyeongso. Third, research on the bibliographies in which it has been raised that Korean learned monks are supported consistently, and through this research, the writing which established the status should entry into Hangukbulgyojeonseo. Fourth, Korean Buddhism has to be extended externally by discovering and researching the commentary text of those in East Asia by Korean learned monks.

직업 역할에 따른 의복의 고정관념 연구 : 선생님과 학생을 중심으로

한명숙 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.5

This research examines the attributes of the Korean costume culture inherent in the expression of "-like" by focusing on the professional roles implied in the style of clothes. Based on a random sampling, the sample was comprised of 315 male and female college students who reside in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The results were as followed: 1. Subjects preferred the blouse as the most "female student-like" upper wear. The female students recognized the Y-shirts as the "male teacher-like" upper wear while the male picked the Y-shirts for this category. For the "student-like" sleeve length, the female selected the cap sleeves and the three-quarter sleeves for the female and selected the short sleeves for the male. Subjects preferred the Peter Pan and the sailor collars for the "female student-like" category and selected the shirt collars as the most "male teacher-like" and "male student-like" style. 2. Subjects perceived the A-line and the flared skirts as the "female student-like" dresses. For the lengths of skirts, subjects agreed that the above-knee, the below-knee and midi length were all proper for female teachers. For the length of pants, subjects selected the 9/10 as the most "female teacher-like" style. 3. Subjects selected black, white, light purple and beige as the preferred colors for female teachers. Subjects chose white and yellow as the most "female student-like" colors and picked the colors, navy blue, light blue and blue, as the "male-like" and "male teacher-like" colors.

밀레니엄을 맞이하는 1990년대 패션과 메이크업의 경향

韓明淑,金秀珍 服飾文化學會 1999 服飾文化硏究 Vol.7 No.6

This paper analyzes the trend of fashion and make-up in 1990s and their relevancy to each other. Based on the chronological analysis, we propose a new category for the fashion and make-up trend in 1990s, which is 1) traditonal ecology period(1990~1994), 2) versatile trial or decadent period(1995~1997), and 3) soft landing period based on the minimal neo-ecology and romanticism(1998~2000). Between 1990 and 1994, there was no differntiation in seasons. It appeared that spring/summer and fall/winter trend have had no big differences. At the beginning in 1990s, it was basically based on ecology concept that emphasizes the natural image. However after 1995, seasonal differences in trend are appeared and there were various make-up designs. The trends of spring/summer in 1996 could be named as color revolution period that emphasized the unique and individual expression of each person. In 1997, black, pastel, and brown colors were the result of reinterpreting the classic and sexy images of 1960s to natural and modernistic image of 1997. Purple color started to be introduced to us. In 1998, pastel tone, pink, and purple color expresses the glamorous look based on the romantic feminism, S/S of 1999 is mainly represented by minimalism, and avant garde. For fall/winter trends, brown color lines make-up comes to mix with romantic image and developed into wine, orange, neon colors in 1995 and 1996. These colors were the symbol of property and sentiment. Gold make-up emphasizing the eye area was the tendency of that period. In 1997, the fear of coming end of century was expressed as decadent image. At that time, ethnic and romantic image appeared with vivid color lines, gold, red and violet. In 1998, romanticism was popular again with modernism and ethnic mood. It expressed the romantic elegant image. The trend has retunred to the ecology mood again in 1999. This ecology is somewhat different from the previous ecology. It adds a sofistaiced feeling and sportic fashion. To express natural and sportic image, they choose pink blush. In coming 2000 as a new millennium, the yellow color will be main the stream to express vision, dream, and happiness in both fashion and make-up as an accent color. The minimal design and minimal tools will be used for the design and make-up, respectively. In addition, the fusion concept will dominate the fashion and make-up industry in the globalized and boundariless age. Through this paper, we hope that make-up can be accepted as a part of total fashion in its relationship with other elements such as shoes, clothes and accessory and that it can be considered as a independent art that has direct influence on people and industry.

복식의 도해적 분석 : 언어학 이론을 적용하여

한면숙 服飾文化學會 1994 服飾文化硏究 Vol.2 No.2

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relation of the mentalistcis liguistics and costume, and to clarify the relationship between language as psychological expressions and costume to understand the phenomena of human costume behavior more deeply and comprehensively. As for the analysis of the costume phenomena, Noam Chomsky's psychological linguistic theory were applied to costume system. In this respect, particularly, by means of Chomsky's later theory(1965), the costume behavior were analyzed. The followings are the findings of the analysis: 1. The Syntactic component 2. The Semantic Component The costume behavior is similar to a language system. Just as one morpheme or a phrase and phrases make different sentences, so various method wearing costume make different forms is costume. Language and costume have dictionary entry showing the meaning of vocabulary, and rules combing the individual meaning of the dictionary entry to complete the sentence.

대학생의 가치관과 의복구매행동에 관한 연구

韓明淑,鄭美惠 服飾文化學會 2000 服飾文化硏究 Vol.8 No.4

The purposes of this study was to examine the college students' value and the status of their clothing purchasing behavior, and to compare the correlation between both of them. The questions were centered on 511 students who are attending the universities in Seoul. The results of this study were as follows. First most students have higher value on politics, economy, and theory in the order listed. Male-students were interested in theory, while female-students were more interested in politics. Second when they purchase their clothes, the factor of decision was based on desist and their observation was another important factor. As for selecting shops, they considered the product as the most important factor and then the service & transportation. Third, I inspected the correlation between their value & the status of their clothing purchasing behavior. The students with lower theoretical value considered the quality as a purchasing lector, and the service as a factor of selecting a shop. The students with higher economical sense of value considered the quality as a purchasing factor, common shop as a purchasing shop, and the convenient transportation system as a lector of selecting a shop.

구리냄비의 구리용출에 미치는 산성조미료의 영향

한재숙,최영희,김명선,송주은,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 2000 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Effects of acetic acid, malic acid and citric acid on copper dissolution from new and used copper saucepans at different concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0,1, 0.2, 0.4, 1,0, 2,0, 4.0%), different boiling times (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60mins.), and different temperatures (5, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%)were investigated. As acetic acid concentration increases, copper content increases. Copper dissolution concentration from copper saucepans at boiling in malic acid increases more than in acetic acid or citric acid, At above 60℃, as the temperature increases, the concentration of copper dissolved from copper saucepans also increases. As boiling time increases, the concentration of copper dissolved from copper saucepans also increases. In addition, through repeated use, the concentration of copper increases as well. And copper concentration dissolves in large amounts from used saucepans rather than new saucepans. The dissolution of copper with distilled water by repeated use does not dissolve at all. 1% acetic acid dissolves in large quantities.

복식명칭의 화용론적 연구(Ⅱ) - 속옷을 중심으로 - : 속옷을 중심으로

韓明淑 복식문화학회 1997 服飾文化硏究 Vol.5 No.3

The main purpose of this study is to review and analyze the differences, among clothing terms, between the biblical definitions of the underwear terms and those used by the public in day-to-day life. Accordingly, the biblical definitions of the underwear terms which are widely used by the various literature are summarized. Also, the degree of recognition of the underwear terms by the public is studied by analyzing the results of the questionnaires which are distributed to 217 female college students, as the objects of data, who reside in Seoul metropolitan areas. As a result of this study, we find the following conclusions: First, there are considerable differences in definitions of the underwear terms between those used by the various literature and those used by the public. The personal definitions of the underwear terms, or alternatively those used by the public, are very reduced and limited and even misunderstood in some cases. Second, the definitions of the underwear terms which are actually used by the public are recognized mostly by the wearing goals, the wearing spaces, the wearing times, the wearers, the forms and the materials and, among others, the wearing goals are the most dominating factor for the recognition of the underwear terms. Finally, the comparison among the similar underwears reveals that underwears are recognized by the wearing goals, the wearing spaces, the wearers, the forms and the materials. But, the objects of data recognize the underwear terms in very limited and slmple fashion instead of having definite recognition of the differences among similar items.

복식의 기호체계 연구 : 항공사 승무원 유니폼을 중심으로

韓明淑 服飾文化學會 1999 服飾文化硏究 Vol.7 No.6

The objective of this paper is to examine how clothing is presented within society and is perceived by focusing on the roles of the symbolizing process and the symbols based on the symbol and sign theories, and thereby to reveal the structure of such system. In order to do so, Saussure's linguistic symbol theory, and theories of A. Shaff, P. Guiraud, S Ullmann, R. Barthes, etc. have been comparatively examined. Also, by comparaatively analyzing the similarities and differences between the symbol and sign theries, this analysis has been directly applied to the study of the uniforms worn by airline flight attendants in areal life. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the flight attendant uniforms play a role of symbolizing more so than language does. The uniforms also help in the easy perception of the person's occupation, the position within his/her occupation, and his/her social status simultaneously. Second, the flight attendants' uniforms of Korean Airline and Asiana Airline all use the traditional designs of national emblems and thereby express the images of Korea. Third, by expressing the colour patterns tn a way as though both hands are spread opened, the symbol mark of Asiana Airline is of welcome and delight. However, the symbol mark of Korean Airline represents the image of Korea by using the two-comma pattern of the Korean traditional pattern. Fourth, the colours of Asiana Airline flight attendants' attire are a combination of dark warm grey, and dark brown, which emblematizes the earth. Such colour combination presents a classy and refined image. However, the colours of Korean Airline flight attendants' attire are of the airline's symbol colours of red, blue, and navy blue. The dark blue coloured double-button two-piece uniform is accented with red and blue, which presents a fresh and a clean image. And fifth, by choosing the colour of the uniform material that matches the image of the respective airlines, the silhouette and other details are designed; and the patterns and the colours on the symbol mark are used on the scarf, the blouse, neck-tie and other parts of the entire uniform.

켄티레버법과 하아트 루우프법에 의한 織物의 剛軟度에 關한 比較 硏究

韓明淑 상명대학교 논문집 1984 상명대학교논문집 Vol.13 No.-

The Woolen Textiles was measured by Cantilever Bending Method and Heart Loop Method. The material was analyzed in correlation. According to the Specific Volume of Woolen Textiles, the change of Bending Rigidity as experimentally measured and analyzed has mentioned the following. 1. By Cantilever Bending Method the correlativity of Specific Volume and Bending Rigidity was proportionally positive. That is, the Pliability was better while Specific Volume was increasing. Bending Rigidity has been down. 2. By Heart Loop Method the relation of Specific Volume and Bending Rigidity was proportionally negative. The Pliability has been poor while Specific Volume being increased and Bending Length being shortened. This might consider from the difference of the ways of testing. 3. The result of the correlative analysis for the materials as measured by Cantilever Bending Method and Heart Loop Method was proportionally reversive, so that the correlativity was suffient, the correlativity with the direction of Warp has shown better than that of Weft, and Regression Straight Line has shown steeper declivity with the direction of Warp than that of Weft. 4. The experimental value by Cantilever Bending Method and Heart Loop Method brought out the result of the negative correlation because of the testing segmental shapes for both methods. The experimental value was supposed to be construed with each of the methods.

『~답다』에 내재된 한국 복식 문화의 속성 : 의복에 표현된 성 역할을 중심으로

한명숙 服飾文化學會 2003 服飾文化硏究 Vol.11 No.1

In our culture, the term, "be like", is frequently used. There are expressions such as "feminine-looking dress" and " manly style" relating to this term when we describe the style of clothing. This study addresses the question on which type of garment would be selected under the description of the term, "be-like", in relation to gender. This term reveals the preconception of gender as being feminine or masculine according to the styles and colors of clothes. A group of 362 collage students Seoul and Gyeonggi area was surveyed for the study. The statistical analysis of SPSS 10.1 was applied for analyzing the data, and the significant variances were reviewed by the basic statistics, multi-variate and T-test. The results are as follows: First, the details of clothes imply the preconceived idea of gender. As a result, women's blouses and skirts were selected as the most feminine upper and bottom garments. The Y-shirt and T-shirt were selected as the most masculine upper garments. However, in contrast to the skirts being the most feminine bottom wear, the pants were not significantly recognuzed as the most masculine clothes. Second, the variances of the survey show that the female students are more conscious of the sexual identity expressed in clothes than the male students. Third, the styles of clothes reflect the general understanding of what is considered to be "feminine or not feminine" and "masculine or not masculine". In conclusion, this study has discovered that the certain characteristics of gender are predominantly implicated in the style, length, and color of clothes. Both men and women responded differently in defining their idea of "femininity" and "masculinity" Nevertheless, there still exists strong preconception of what is considered to be feminine or masculine. and it affects the choices people make in selecting clothes.