Properties of Carbon Black Used as Catalysts for Methane Decomposition

Ling Han,박홍수,함현식,김명수,Shuangye Dai 한국응용과학기술학회 2006 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Direct decomposition of methane over three types of carbon black (N330-p, N330-f, and HI-900L) was carried out in a fluidized bed quartz reactor. Properties of carbon black before and after reaction were measured and found to be related with surface structure and weight gain. For N330-p and N330-f, some carbon deposit on the surface was considered to be the reason for the increase of BET surface area and pore volume with weight gain. Carbon deposits on the surface and the conglutination of some aggregates may explain the slight increase of particle size. Properties of HI-900L changed much more significantly with weight gain. It is supposed that the increase of aggregate size of HI-900L were due to some unknown oily components. The corresponding agglomeration might be the reason for the decrease of BET surface area with weight gain, as compared with the increase of that for the case of N330 black.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 and 6 regulate <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>-induced ethylene production in Arabidopsis

Han, Ling,Li, Guo-Jing,Yang, Kwang-Yeol,Mao, Guohong,Wang, Ruigang,Liu, Yidong,Zhang, Shuqun Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The Plant journal Vol.64 No.1

<P>Summary</P><P>Plants challenged by pathogens, especially necrotrophic fungi such as <I>Botrytis cinerea</I>, produce high levels of ethylene. At present, the signaling pathways underlying the induction of ethylene after pathogen infection are largely unknown. MPK6, an Arabidopsis stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was previously shown to regulate the stability of ACS2 and ACS6, two type I ACS isozymes (1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase). Phosphorylation of ACS2 and ACS6 by MPK6 prevents rapid degradation of ACS2/ACS6 by the 26S proteasome pathway, resulting in an increase in cellular ACS activity and ethylene biosynthesis. Here, we show that MPK3, which shares high homology and common upstream MAPK kinases with MPK6, is also capable of phosphorylating ACS2 and ACS6. In the <I>mpk3</I> mutant background, ethylene production in gain-of-function <I>GVG-NtMEK2</I><SUP><I>DD</I></SUP> transgenic plants was compromised, suggesting that MPK6 and MPK3 function together to stabilize ACS2 and ACS6. Using a liquid-cultured seedling system, we found that <I>B. cinerea</I>-induced ethylene biosynthesis was greatly compromised in <I>mpk3/mpk6</I> double mutant seedlings. In contrast, ethylene production decreased only slightly in the <I>mpk6</I> single mutant and not at all in the <I>mpk3</I> single mutant, demonstrating overlapping roles for these two highly homologous MAPKs in pathogen-induced ethylene induction. Consistent with the role of MPK3/MPK6 in the process, mutation of <I>ACS2</I> and <I>ACS6</I>, two genes encoding downstream substrates of MPK3/MPK6, also reduced <I>B. cinerea</I>-induced ethylene production. The residual levels of ethylene induction in the <I>acs2/acs6</I> double mutant suggest the involvement of additional ACS isoforms, possibly regulated by MAPK-independent pathway(s).</P>

Evaluating the effect of the adoption of English as the default language on a homepage for a university in a non-English speaking university

Han-Chiang Ho,Ling Ling Lee,Ben K. Agyei-Mensah 한국교육개발원 2016 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.13 No.1

This paper presents an exploratory study using survey data collected at two universities in South Korea and China to analyze students’ opinions when a university in a non-English speaking country adopts English as the default language of its Web site homepage. The results show that Chinese students and non-Chinese Asian students have similar opinions toward this university promotion strategy, which makes the institution more attractive to prospective students, enhances the university’s image, and increases their willingness to apply. These findings suggest that in a highly competitive higher education market, a higher education institution in a non-English speaking country may employ English as its homepage default language to enhance student’s evaluation of it.

OPTIMIZATION CONTROL OF CVT CLUTCH ENGAGEMENT BASED ON MPC

Ling Han,Hongxiang Liu,Jinwu Wang,Shaosong Li,Leilei Ren 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.6

As an important part of continuously variable transmission (CVT) vehicle power transmission system, drive, neutral and reverse (DNR) wet clutch has the function of transmitting or interrupting vehicle power. However, due to the complex and variable working conditions of the clutch, it is difficult to achieve precise control of the clutch by the traditional control strategy. To solve this problem, a clutch control optimization algorithm based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. In order to identify and track the driver’s launching intentions, a driver’s launching intentions recognition system based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) is designed. The impact degree and friction work are taken as the evaluation standard of clutch control. The clutch controller is designed by using MPC control strategy, and the control effect is compared with the adaptive fuzzy neural network (AFNN) strategy. Finally, the validity of the control strategy is verified by simulation model and vehicle test. The results show that compared with the AFNN control strategy, the MPC control strategy can effectively control the clutch engagement and improve the vehicle launching quality.

Properties of Carbon Black Used as Catalysts for Methane Decomposition

( Ling Han ),( Shuangye Dai ),( Hong Soo Park ),( Hyun Sik Hahm ),( Myung Soo Kim ) 한국유화학회 2006 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Adsorption of O Atom on Cr (100), (110), (111), and (211) Surfaces: An 5-Parameter Morse Potential Method Study

Han, Ling-Li,Liu, Tao Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.6

The 5-parameter Morse potential (5-MP) method for the interaction between O atom and Cr surfaces is constructed in the present work. The adsorption of O on Cr (100), (110), (111), and (211) surfaces are studied with 5-MP in detail. The fourfold hollow site of the Cr (100) surface is favored for O atom. On Cr (110), quasithreefold site is favored with the parallel frequencies (the frequencies of O atom paralleling the metal surface) of 342 and 538 $cm^{-1}$, and perpendicular frequency (the frequency of O atom perpendicular to the metal surface) at 526 $cm^{-1}$. On Cr (111), the most favored mode for O atom is found to be the quasi-threefold site with the perpendicular frequency at 553 $cm^{-1}$ and the parallel frequencies at 253 and 399 $cm^{-1}$. According to our calculation results, we speculate the most preferred mode for O adsorption on Cr (211) surface is the quasithreefold site with the perpendicular frequency at 583 $cm^{-1}$ and the parallel frequencies at 449 and 185 $cm^{-1}$.

Caught between State and Motherhood: The Public Image of Female Entrepreneurs in Singapore

Ling Han,Chengpang Lee,Gracia Jieyi Lee 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 Asian Women Vol.37 No.2

Despite being known as a society with a high level of entrepreneurial activity, studies on female entrepreneurs in Singapore are sparse, and the proportion of women partaking in entrepreneurship remains low. As studies have shown, the socially constructed image of female entrepreneurs has the effect of either encouraging or impeding women’s entrepreneurial activities. This article explores the public image of female entrepreneurs and their changing status by tracing their media representation in Singapore’s major newspapers from the early 1980s to recently. Using content analysis from two major newspapers, we analyze how female entrepreneurs are constructed in the media and the changing discourse over time. We find that the discourse on female entrepreneurship presents persistent gender stereotypes centering on a few role models. These discourses show an embodiment of Singapore’s nationhood to encourage entrepreneurship through incorporating women’s roles at both the national economic and the domestic level to further the nation’s economic development. In recent years, while more young women entrepreneurs have emerged, their gender is seldom clearly identified in the news media unless they also embrace their roles as homemakers and child bearers. Our findings suggest that despite the government’s promotion of entrepreneurship to encourage women’s participation, the public image of a successful female entrepreneur has always been one that could contribute both to economic production and to homemaking and childbearing to further the nation. This image may subject women to the constant pressure of multiple role conflicts and also conceal alternative images of women entrepreneurs who depart from conventional stereotypes.

FUEL-SAVING CONTROL STRATEGY FOR FUEL VEHICLES WITH DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING AND COMPUTER VISION

Han Ling,Liu Guopeng,Zhang Hui,Fang Ruoyu,Zhu Changsheng 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.3

This study uses deep reinforcement learning (DRL) combined with computer vision technology to investigate vehicle fuel economy. In a driving cycle with car-following and traffic light scenarios, the vehicle fuel-saving control strategy based on DRL can realize the cooperative control of the engine and continuously variable transmission. The visual processing method of the convolutional neural network is used to extract available visual information from an on-board camera, and other types of information are obtained through the vehicle’s inherent sensor. The various detected types of information are further used as the state of DRL, and the fuel-saving control strategy is built. A Carla–Simulink co-simulation model is established to evaluate the proposed strategy. An urban road driving cycle and highway road driving cycle model with visual information is built in Carla, and the vehicle power system is constructed in Simulink. Results show that the fuel-saving control strategy based on DRL and computer vision achieves improved fuel economy. In addition, in the Carla–Simulink co-simulation model, the fuel-saving control strategy based on DRL and computer vision consumes an average time of 17.55 ms to output control actions, indicating its potential for use in real-time applications.

Structure and Performances of xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Using Poly(vinyl alcohol) as Carbon Source

Chang-ling Fan,Wei-hua Zhang,Tao-tao Zeng,Ling-fang Li,Xiang Zhang,Shao-chang Han 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.11

Poly(vinyl alcohol), whose pyrolysis carbon possesses high conductivity of 8.88 × 10−1 S/cm, was used to synthesize xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge and discharge experiments. Results show that LiFePO4/C and Li3V2(PO4)3/C coexists in the cathode. The particles sizes of 0.75LiFePO4/C·0.25Li3V2(PO4)3/C (x = 0.75) are much smaller than 100 nm due to the role of poly(vinyl alcohol). Its conductivity is 8.79 × 10−2 S/cm. The oxidative and reductive peaks in cyclic voltammetry are sharp and symmetrical. Their low potential gaps indicate that the extractions and insertions of lithium ion possess excellent reversibility. Its discharge capacities at 1 and 5 C are 141.1 and 100.1 mAh/g. The more Li3V2(PO4)3/C in cathode results in the deterioration of electrochemical performances due to its low theoretical capacity. It is concluded that poly(vinyl alcohol) is an effective carbon source in the preparation of xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode with excellent performances.

<특집논문 2> 깨달음에 대한 현대적 해석과 선불교 : ≪단경(壇經)≫의 윤리관 및 수행방법에 나타난 "심(心)"의 작용

서령 ( Ling Xu ),한미경 ( Mi Kyung Han ),한홍식 ( Heung Sik Han ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2014 동아시아불교문화 Vol.0 No.20

"心"은 ≪壇經≫에서 윤리적 관념에 있어서나 수행방법에 있어서 중요한 역할을 수행 한다. 혜능의 관점에서 봤을 때, 佛性과 心性은 둘이 아니며, 사람의 本心에 具有한 壹切이며, 成佛이란 自我本心(本性)의 顯現에 불과한 것이다. ≪壇經≫에는 많은 倫理的心에 대한 언급이 있다. 예컨대, 善惡之心, 無生無死之心, 平等之心, 孝親之心, 慈悲之心등이다. 善惡之心은 "□心"을 제거하고 "善心"을 이끌어내며, 善이 惡을 제거하기 위해, 능히 善惡을 초월하여 淸淨心性을 추구하게 된다. 無生無死之心은 無生無死를 선도하며,心中에 生과 死의 困厄을 없앰으로써,彼岸的佛國에 도달하게 한다. 平等之心은 壹切衆生皆有佛性을 인정하는 것으로,佛性平等,수행과정에 있어서 他人을 尊重할 것을 강조하는 것이다. 孝親之心은 在家修行的居士佛敎를 제창하는 것으로,世俗的生活에서도 修持佛法하면 得道成佛할 수 있다는 것이다. 이것은 논리적으로 인간과 佛國의 거리를 단축한다. 慈悲之心은 慈悲濟世를 주장하는 것으로, 慈는 仁愛, 悲는 憐憫,宗旨는 衆生을 돕고,衆生으로 하여금 解脫하게 하고,衆生으로 하여금 離苦得樂하게 한다. ≪壇經≫에는 蘊含的으로 四種修行方法이 들어 있다. 즉, 頓悟見性, 自性自度, 無相懺悔, 定慧壹體가 그것이다. 頓悟的"悟"와 "所悟"는 모두 自心之中에서 통일되며,頓悟의 核心槪念은 "壹念"이다. 迷達悟을 파괴하게 되면,心은 더 이상 간섭을 받지 않게 된다. 自性自度란 實際上各人이 가진 自己心中의 邪見、煩惱、愚癡등을 衆生이, 自心自度할 수 있는 지혜가 있음을 말하는 것이다. 無相懺悔의 주요특징은 自心內省이며,아울러 壹念之中에 惡業을 永斷하는 것이며, 心中에 壹切邪惡之心을 끊어내는 것이다. 定慧는 發自心的心을 修行의 根本으로 삼는 것으로, 만일 형식을 중시하고 內心覺悟的偏頗를 무시하게 되면 "爲善"을 형성하게 된다. 그러므로 모든 成佛的方法은 壹心之中, 壹念之間에 있으니,天堂과 地獄사이는 불과 壹念之間이 있을 뿐이다. 心的本性은 眞如, 淸淨하고,明撤萬法, 思量壹切니,心은 곧 完美的本體다. "Heart-mind" plays an important role on the ethics notions and practice methods in the "Altar Sutra." In Huineng``s (慧能, 638-713) opinion, there is no different between the nature of Buddha and the heat-mind of human, and the human``s Root Self have everything. Becoming Buddha merely manifest his Root Self. The "Altar Sutra" contains many ethics heart-mind, such as the heart-mind of good and evil, the heart-mind of without life-anddeath, the heart of the equality, the heart-mind of filial piety, the heart-mind of compassion and so on. The heart-mind of good and evil advocates "benevolence heart" and dislodges "sick heart," so that they can beyond the good and evil, and clean the mind; the heart-mind of without life-and-death advocates there is no live or die in this world, and only surmounting the hardship of life and death is in the heart can reach the realm of Buddha; the heart of equality means all living creatures have the nature of Buddha, and the Buddhists should respect others in the process of the Dharma because of the equality of the Buddha nature ; the heart-mind of filial piety advocates that if the Buddhists practise the Dharma in the secular world also can get the enlightenment of Buddha, which logically shortened the distance between secular world and the Buddha world; the heart-mind of compassion advocates the act with compassion in every facet of life, and the notion of compassion is love and compassion, in order to help all beings, let them be liberated from the suffering of living. The "Altar Sutra" contains many practice methods, such as the method of "gain insight for an instant", the method of "self-release from self-nature", the method of "formless repentance", the method of "Ding and Hui within one body." The "epiphany" or "insight" in the method of "gain insight for an instant" is concentrated in in one heart, and the core concept of the "insight theory" is "in a breath", which means that removing the confused and getting the insight should clean the heart-mind and secure the mind from all molest; the method of "self-release from self-nature" actually the individual release the bad self-nature, such as the sick views, the thinking of troubles, ignorance in his own heart-mind and so on, and depend on the wisdom to get the insight in order to achieve the self-release from self-nature; the main characteristic of the method of "formless repentance" is the introspection in the mind, and remove the bad karma for ever in a thought-moment or "in a breath," removing all evil in the heart-mind; the method of "Ding and Hui" within one body comes from the inherent heart-mind, and the heart-mind is the fundamental of practice methods, if the Buddhists only emphasize the form of outside but neglect the insider insight of inherent heart-mind, which will cause "hypocrisy." Therefore, all the methods of becoming Buddha exist in the heart-mind, in an instant moment of a breath, and the distance between the heaven and the hell just is the distance of an instant moment of a breath. The nature of heart-mind is the nature of thusness, the nature of pureness and clearness, which can enlighten all the methods and think on everything, so the heart-mind is the perfect ontology.