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Quantitative Measures of Compensation Capabilities and Output Noise Sensitivities of Linear Systems
Haemin Lee,Youngjin Park,Youn-sik Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Controllability and observability are a structural property that carries information useful for control system design. There are many measures to determine the location of actuator and sensor like degree of controllability(DOC), degree of observability(DOO) and degree of disturbance rejectability(DODR). However, for a system which uses both actuators and sensor, the placement of actuator can be affected by the placement of sensor and vice versa. Therefore, the measure which can consider both controllability and observability simultaneously is proposed in this paper and it is called degree of compensation capability(DOCC) and degree of output noise sensitivity(DONS). DOCC is sum of the three measures of DOC, DOO and DONS. DONS is affected by the both magnitude and direction of the controllability and observability gramians. Numerical example is shown to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed measures.
The Clinical Features of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Induced Pyogenic Liver Abscess
( Ji Won Park ),( Jung Hee Kim ),( Jang Han Jung ),( Sung Eun Kim ),( Hyoung Su Kim ),( Haemin Jeong ),( Ki Tae Suk ),( Myoung Kuk Jang ),( Sang Hoon Park ),( Myung Seok Lee ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Choo 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) remain a potentially significant clinical problem. Although multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are increasingly being observed worldwide, little is known about the incidence and clinical features of MDR bacteria induced PLA. Aim of this study is to provide characteristics of PLA with MDR isolates. Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with PLA from 2008 to 2017 in Hallym University Medical Center in Korea was performed to characterize PLA. The demographic and clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, management and clinical outcomes, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of causative bacterial species were studied. Results: Overall, 745 patients were included. 53.1% of PLA aspirate cultures were positive, with Klebsiella pneumonia (71% of positive cultures) being the main organism. MDROs were found in 53 (7.1%) patient, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria was most common (77.3% of MDROs; Klebsiella pneumonia 41.5%, Escherichia coli 58.5%). The group with MDR isolates showed old age (62.3±15.1 vs. 68.9 ±14.3, P=0.002), a lower systolic/ diastolic blood pressure, hypoabluminemia (3.4±0.6 vs. 3.2±0.5, P=0.005), a higher alkaline phosphatase levels (248.1±226.8 vs. 326.9±312.2, P=0.018), a longer hospitalization (23.3±14.4 vs. 29±13.8, P=0.005) and a longer parenteral antibiotic treatment period than the non- MDR group (n=612). Biliary origin of liver abscess, previous history of hepatobiliary procedure and concomitant malignant disease were associated with MDRO induced liver abscess. In multivariate analysis, previous history of hepatobiliary procedure (relative risk, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.124 to 6.645; P=0.027) and concomitant malignancy (relative risk, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.539 to 9.47; P=0.004) were risk factors. Moreover, in-hospital mortality rate was higher in of MDR group (13.2% vs. 3.8%, P=0.007). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that patients with MDR bacteria induced PLA may have poor prognosis. Thus, microbiological diagnostics is pivotal to tailor individual treatment regimen, especially in the patient with previous history of hepatobiliary procedure and concomitant malignancy.
Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
Jeea Lee,Gayoon Ku,Hyung Seok Park,Haemin Lee,Ja Seung Ku,Jee Ye Kim,Se Ho Park,Seung Il Kim,Byeong-Woo Park 한국유방암학회 2021 Journal of Breast Disease Vol.9 No.1
Purpose: According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s 8th Edition Manual, lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is no longer considered a malignant disease, although it may be a precursor to the development of breast cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of LCIS. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological features and prognosis data of LCIS among patients who underwent breast surgery at Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea from 1991 to 2016. Results: Of the 47 patients, 49 cases of LCIS were confirmed by postoperative pathology. The mean patient age was 48.15±8.34 years. Most patients (81.6%) did not have palpable tumors at diagnosis, and 51.0% showed no microcalcification on mammography. Breast-conserving surgery was performed more frequently than total mastectomy (77.6% vs. 22.4%). The mean tumor size was 1.63±2.11 cm. There were only 3 cases of pleomorphic LCIS. Hormone receptor-positive tumors were noted in 47 cases, however, the hormone receptor status was unknown in the other 2 cases. There were no LCIS recurrences or deaths during the follow-up period (mean 56 months). Conclusion: LCIS is often incidentally diagnosed without clinical symptoms, especially in women aged <50 years. The prognosis of LCIS is excellent in cases that are surgically treated.
Lee Eunhyeong,Lee Eun-Ah,Kong Eunji,Chon Haemin,Llaiqui-Condori Melissa,Park Cheon Ho,Park Beom Yong,Kang Nu Ri,Yoo Jin-San,Lee Hyun-Soo,Kim Hyung Seok,Park Sung-Hong,Choi Seung-Won,Vestweber Dietmar 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Tumor progression is intimately associated with the vasculature, as tumor proliferation induces angiogenesis and tumor cells metastasize to distant organs via blood vessels. However, whether tumor invasion is associated with blood vessels remains unknown. As glioblastoma (GBM) is featured by aggressive invasion and vascular abnormalities, we characterized the onset of vascular remodeling in the diffuse tumor infiltrating zone by establishing new spontaneous GBM models with robust invasion capacity. Normal brain vessels underwent a gradual transition to severely impaired tumor vessels at the GBM periphery over several days. Increasing vasodilation from the tumor periphery to the tumor core was also found in human GBM. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) showed a spatial correlation with the extent of vascular abnormalities spanning the tumor-invading zone. Blockade of VEGFR2 suppressed vascular remodeling at the tumor periphery, confirming the role of VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling in the invasion-associated vascular transition. As angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) was expressed in only a portion of the central tumor vessels, we developed a ligand-independent tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2)-activating antibody that can result in Tie2 phosphorylation in vivo. This agonistic anti-Tie2 antibody effectively normalized the vasculature in both the tumor periphery and tumor center, similar to the effects of VEGFR2 blockade. Mechanistically, this antibody-based Tie2 activation induced VE-PTP-mediated VEGFR2 dephosphorylation in vivo. Thus, our study reveals that the normal-to-tumor vascular transition is spatiotemporally associated with GBM invasion and may be controlled by Tie2 activation via a novel mechanism of action.