Research on failure modes and ultimate strength behavior of typical sandwich composite joints for ship structures

Xu Geng,Qin Kai,Yan Renjun,Dong Qin 대한조선학회 2022 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.14 No.1

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on failure behavior and ultimate strength of fiber-reinforced sandwich composite structures. Tests were conducted on the sandwich Ljoints with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) face sheet and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core. In the numerical simulation, a progressive damage method is established to simulate the strength and failure behavior of sandwich L-joint, different failure criteria are used to deal with the various failure modes of GFRP laminates. Cohesive zone model and viscoelastic material model are combined to model the face-core adhesive interface, hence the influence of fracture and debonding of adhesive to the total strength of sandwich joints is considered by the numerical modelling. On the base of these theories, the finite element model of sandwich L-joint has been successfully established, and the numerical predictions present a good agreement with the test results on both structural strength and failure process.

세시풍속을 통해서 본 중국 12띠의 양상과 문화화 방식

경서근 ( Rui Qin Geng ) 남도민속학회 2010 남도민속연구 Vol.20 No.-

중국에서 12띠는 유구한 문화적 상징으로 오래전부터 전승되어 왔으며 문화화 방 식도 매우 다양하게 활용되었다. 그래서 12띠에 대한 연구는 문화의 상징체계를 해석 하는 중요한 통로가 될 수 있다 특히 세시풍속이라는 문호}적 행위 속에서 12띠의 문 화화 방식을 연구하는 것은 중국의 생활양식, 민족성, 가치묘털 이해하는 데 의미 있 는작업이다. 세시는 기본적으로 생성과 성장과 결실과 소멸이라고 하는 순환적 시간관에 기초하 고 있다 따라서 이 논문에서 春夏秋추 사계절의 개념을 도입하여 연구의 기본 툴로 삼았다. 그리고 12띠 동물의 고유 의미가 세시라고 하는 시간성 위에 놓일 때 어떻게 그 의미가 재생산되는가를 고찰했다 또한 사계절의 띠에 관련된 여러 가지 세시풍속 을 통해서 12띠 동물의 존재o~o상과 문화적 방식을 정리했다. 문화화 방식은 대체적으 로 의례화 방식, 축제 · 놀이화 방식, 음성유사화 방식, 문양화 전승 네 가지가 있다. 그런데 필자의 역량부족으로 두 가지 아쉬운 점이 있으며, 이는 훗날의 연구 과제로 남기고자 한다. 첫째, 중국 12띠와 한국 12띠를 비교해 볼 수 없었다는 점이다. 12띠 는 동아시아가 공유하는 문화적 상징체계이묘로 두 나라의 세시풍속에 나타나는 12띠 의 양상과 문화화 방식이 비교될 때 12띠의 의미가 더욱 확실히 드러나고 이해가 쉬 울 것은 자명한 일이다. 둘째는 12띠를 중국의 한정된 지역으로 제한하여 연구하는 것이다. 중국은 영토가 넓고 인구가 많기 때문에 지역마다 민족마다 생활방식, 세시풍 속은 서로 다르다. 따라서 세시풍속이 풍부한 소수민족을 대상으로 12띠의 전승과 문목포대학교 국어국문학과 박사과정8 남도민속연구 저120집 화화방식을 갚이 들여다보는 작업이 필요하다고 생각한다 The Chinese Zodiac has been passed down as a symbol of richly historied cultural since a long time ago. Their enculturation ways were used in great variety of ways. So the study of the Chinese Zodiac can become an important way to explain cultural symbol-system. Especially, the study on cultural way of the Chinese Zodiac is a task of great significance to understand lifestyle, nation``s history and values of China in seasonal customs. Seasonal customs are based on circular time called the creation, development and destruction. So introduce the concepts of 4 seasons as a framework of this study. And when unique meaning of the Chinese Zodiac is combined with timeliness called seasonal customs, it is considered that how to reproduce the meaning. And existent expression and culture ways of the Chinese zodiac are sorted out through many seasonal customs involved with the Chinese Zodiac. The culture ways include formality way, festival-amusement way, voice similarity``s way and patterns in principle. However, there are two kinds of frustration because of a lack of capability. And many subjects are left for future studies. First, the Chinese zodiac can``t be compare with the twelve animals of korea. When compared to appearances and culture ways of the Chinese zodiac which appear on seasonal customs of two Mokpo National University countries, it``s certain that the meaning of Chinese Zodiac certainly becomes more easy to understand because chinese zodiac sign is a symbol of culture which belongs to East Asian region. Secondly, this study is limited in China. Because of a great expanse of land a large number of people in China, there is its own lifestyle and seasonal customs in various nationalities. So it``s necessary to look into culture ways of the Chinese Zodiac targeted ethnic minorities rich in seasonal customs.

Studies on meat color, myoglobin content, enzyme activities, and genes associated with oxidative potential of pigs slaughtered at different growth stages

Qin Ping Yu,Ding Yuan Feng,Juan Xiao,Fan Wu,Xiao Jun He,Min Hao Xia,Tao Dong,Yi Hua Liu,Hui Ze Tan,Shi Geng Zou,Tao Zheng,Xian Hua Ou,Jian Jun Zuo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.12

Objective: This experiment investigated meat color, myoglobin content, enzyme activities, and expression of genes associated with oxidative potential of pigs slaughtered at different growth stages. Methods: Sixty 4-week-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs were assigned to 6 replicate groups, each containing 10 pigs. One pig from each group was sacrificed at day 35, 63, 98, and 161 to isolate longissimus dorsi and triceps muscles. Results: Meat color scores were higher in pigs at 35 d than those at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05), and those at 98 d were lower than those at 161 d (p<0.05). The total myoglobin was higher on 161 d compared with those at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05). Increase in the proportions of metmyoglobin and deoxymyoglobin and a decrease in oxymyoglobin were observed between days 35 and 161 (p<0.05). Meat color scores were correlated to the proportion of oxymyoglobin (r = 0.59, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with deoxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin content (r = –0.48 and –0.62, p<0.05). Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity at 35 d and 98 d was higher than that at 161 d (p<0.05). The highest lactate dehydrogenase/MDH ratio was achieved at 161 d (p<0.05). Calcineurin mRNA expression decreased at 35 d compared to that at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05). Myocyte enhancer factor 2 mRNA results indicated a higher expression at 161 d than that at 63 d and 98 d (p<0.05). Conclusion: Porcine meat color, myoglobin content, enzyme activities, and genes associated with oxidative potential varied at different stages.

Low cycle fatigue and ratcheting failure behavior of AH32 steel under uniaxial cyclic loading

Qin Dong,Ping Yang,Geng Xu 대한조선학회 2019 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.11 No.2

In this paper, the low cycle fatigue failure and ratcheting behavior, as well as their interaction of AH32 steel were experimentally investigated under uniaxial cyclic loading. The effects of mean stress, stress amplitude and stress ratio on the low cycle fatigue life and ratcheting strain were discussed. It was found that the ratcheting strain increased while the fatigue life decreased with the increase of mean stress and stress amplitude, and the increasing stress ratio would result in smaller ratcheting and larger fatigue life. Two kinds of failure modes, i.e. low cycle fatigue failure due to crack propagates and ratcheting failure due to large plastic strain will take place respectively. Based on the experimental results, considered the effect of ratcheting on fatigue life, a model with the maximum stress and ratcheting strain rate was proposed. Comparison with the experimental result showed that the new model provided a good prediction for AH32 steel.

DNA Fingerprint Polymorphism of 3 Goat Populations from China Chaidamu Basin

Geng, S.M.,Shen, W.,Qin, G.Q.,Wang, X.,Hu, S.R.,Wang, Q.L.,Zhang, J.Q. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.8

The DNA fingerprint polymorphism and the genetic relationship were studied by RAPD technology on Chaidamu goat (CG), Chaidamu Cashmere goat (CCG) and Liaoning Cashmere goat (LCG) from Chaidamu Basin of Qinghai province, China. The results showed that: The amplified bands were all 94 in 3 goat populations by using 8 random primers, and the DNA polymorphism frequencies of CG, CCG and LCG were 0.8404, 0.8617 and 0.8511, respectively, and the length of these DNA fragments were 176-2937 bp. The mean heterozygosities of the 3 goat populations were 0.5148, 0.5142 and 0.5075, respectively. The genetic relationship between CCG and CG or LCG were similar (Gst=4.37% and 3.79%; $D_{ij}=0.0109$ and 0.0106), and that between CG and LCG was further (Gst=13.14%; $D_{ij}=0.0230$). These results also showed that the genetic relationship between CCG and LCG was the closest, then CG and LCG, and CG and CCG was distant.

Role of IFNLR1 gene in PRRSV infection of PAM cells

Ming Qin,Wei Chen,Zhixin Lin,Lixue Wang,Lixia Ma,Jinhong Geng,Yu Zhang,Jing Zhao,Yong-Qing Zeng 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.3

Background: Interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) is a type II cytokine receptor that clings to interleukins IL-28A, IL29B, and IL-29 referred to as type III IFNs (IFN-λs). IFN-λs act through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to exert antiviral effects related to preventing and curing an infection. Although the immune function of IFN-λs in virus invasion has been described, the molecular mechanism of IFNLR1 in that process is unclear. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of IFNLR1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods: The effects of IFNLR1 on the proliferation of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during PRRSV infection were investigated using interference and overexpression methods. Results: In this study, the expressions of the IFNLR1 gene in the liver, large intestine, small intestine, kidney, and lung tissues of Dapulian pigs were significantly higher than those in Landrace pigs. It was determined that porcine IFNLR1 overexpression suppresses PRRSV replication. The qRT-PCR results revealed that overexpression of IFNLR1 upregulated antiviral and IFN-stimulated genes. IFNLR1 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of PAMs and upregulation of p-STAT1. By contrast, knockdown of IFNLR1 expression promotes PAMs proliferation. The G0/G1 phase proportion in IFNLR1-overexpressing cells increased, and the opposite change was observed in IFNLR1-underexpressing cells. After inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the G2/M phase proportion in the IFNLR1-overexpressing cells showed a significant increasing trend. In conclusion, overexpression of IFNLR1 induces activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of PAMs infected with PRRSV. Conclusion: Expression of the IFNLR1 gene has an important regulatory role in PRRSV-infected PAMs, indicating it has potential as a molecular target in developing a new strategy for the treatment of PRRSV.

Research on Innovation of Chain Enterprises from the Perspective of Omni-channel

Xize Geng,Lingming Kong,Tiantian Qin 동북아경상학회 2021 동북아경상연구 Vol.2 No.2

Purpose – In line with the changes in consumer consumption habits and the pursuit of individualized and diversified needs, Omni-channel business models have become a new direction for the transformation and development of traditional retail companies. Design/Methodology/Approach – This paper takes various influencing factors as independent variables, and tends to choose online consumption as the dependent variable. This article divides the independent variables into two levels. The first is the internal level of resident characteristics, including gender, age, average monthly income level, marital status, and average online time. The second is the external level of online consumption, including product prices, product quality, product types, delivery speed, and after-sales service. Findings – Based on a brief introduction to the current situation of Omni-channel transformation of the retail industry and the impact of online retail on the changes in consumer behavior, the article takes three chain retail companies of Weidomei, Guodomei, and Ziyan Foods as examples. Deal with the four aspects of strategy, price system and membership system, and explore the Omni-channel innovation of the business model of food chain retail enterprises. Research Implications – Relevant suggestions are put forward in response to the problems existing in the innovation of the business model of food chain retail enterprises at this stage. Take the innovation of food chain retail companies in the Omni-channel model as a case, in order to provide ideas for food chain retail companies to achieve Omnichannel transformation, and provide a useful reference for the entire chain retail industry.

Inductive expression patterns of genes related to Toll signaling pathway in silkworm (Bombyx mori) upon Beauveria bassiana infection

Tao Geng,Yuxia Huang,Chengxiang Hou,Guangxing Qin,Dingding Lv,Xijie Guo 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

Innate immunity is critical to insects and plays an important role in pathogen elimination and wound healing. Toll signaling pathway is the major signaling pathway associated with insect innate immunity mediating synthesis of anti-fungal/bacterial peptides. To better understand the Toll signaling pathwaymediated immune response in Bombyx mori against Beauveria bassiana infection, expression patterns of genes encoding sixteen putative components of Toll signaling pathway in the silkworm larvae challenged with B. bassiana, including four pattern recognition receptors (PRRs, i.e. BmβGRP 1, 2, 3, 4), eight Toll-like receptors (TLRs, i.e. Bm18w, BmToll 1, 3, 6, 9, 7, 10, 11) and four effectors (BmMoricin 1, BmGloverin 2, BmDefensin 1 and BmLysozyme 1), were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. At the same time, the changes in their expression by RNAi knock-down of the four PRRswere also detected.Moreover, the effects of Toll signaling pathway inhibitors on antifungal activity in larvae hemolymphwere also analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of genes encoding sixteen putative components of Toll signaling pathway were obviously altered by the challengewith B. bassiana, but their temporal regulation mode was significantly different. Based on the expression patterns of the genes related to Toll signaling pathway, two sub-paths of immune signal recognition and transduction might be proposed in the response of silkworm larvae against B. bassiana infection. Besides, Toll signaling pathway inhibitor could significantly inhibit the antifungal activity in hemolymph and resulted in increased sensitivity of silkworm larvae to the B. bassiana infection, while the treatment with heat-inactivated B. bassiana could induce antifungal activity in the hemolymph and led to stronger resistance of the silkworm. These results implied that Toll signaling pathway played important roles in the antifungal immune response of the silkworm larvae, in which different components of Toll signaling pathway might play a specific regulatory function. These findings yield insights into the innate immune mechanisms underlying Toll signaling pathway in silkworm.

Low cycle fatigue and ratcheting failure behavior of AH32 steel under uniaxial cyclic loading

Dong, Qin,Yang, Ping,Xu, Geng The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2019 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.11 No.2

In this paper, the low cycle fatigue failure and ratcheting behavior, as well as their interaction of AH32 steel were experimentally investigated under uniaxial cyclic loading. The effects of mean stress, stress amplitude and stress ratio on the low cycle fatigue life and ratcheting strain were discussed. It was found that the ratcheting strain increased while the fatigue life decreased with the increase of mean stress and stress amplitude, and the increasing stress ratio would result in smaller ratcheting and larger fatigue life. Two kinds of failure modes, i.e. low cycle fatigue failure due to crack propagates and ratcheting failure due to large plastic strain will take place respectively. Based on the experimental results, considered the effect of ratcheting on fatigue life, a model with the maximum stress and ratcheting strain rate was proposed. Comparison with the experimental result showed that the new model provided a good prediction for AH32 steel.

Effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and its extraction on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs, porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain gene expression in myocytes

Yu, Qin Ping,Feng, Ding Yuan,He, Xiao Jun,Wu, Fan,Xia, Min Hao,Dong, Tao,Liu, Yi Hua,Tan, Hui Ze,Zou, Shi Geng,Zheng, Tao,Ou, Xian Hua,Zuo, Jian Jun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.11

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs and the effects of the formula's extract (distilled water, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extraction) on porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene expression in myocytes. Methods: In a completely randomized design, ninety pigs were assigned to three diets with five replications per treatment and six pigs per pen. The diets included the basal diet (control group), TCMF1 (basal diet+2.5 g/kg TCMF) and TCMF2 (basal diet+5 g/kg TCMF). The psoas major muscle was obtained from pigs at the end of the experiment. Muscle fiber characteristics in the psoas major muscle were analyzed using myosin ATPase staining. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye and cytometry. Isoforms of MyHC gene expression were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The final body weight and carcass weight of finishing pigs were increased by TCMF1 (p<0.05), while the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area was increased by TCMF (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and diameter of psoas major muscle fiber Ι, IIA, and IIB were increased by TCMF2 (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and fiber diameter of psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB were increased by diet supplementation with TCMF1 (p<0.05). Psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF1 diet and the type IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF2 diet were lower compared to pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). Pigs fed TCMF2 had a higher composition of type Ι fiber and a lower percentage of type IIB fiber in the psoas major muscle (p<0.05). The expression levels of MyHC Ι, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx mRNA increased and the amount of MyHC IIb mRNA decreased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF2, whereas MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA increased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF1 (p<0.05). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ $coactivator-1{\alpha}$ and CaN mRNA expression in the psoas major muscle were up-regulated by TCMF (p<0.05). Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation was promoted by $4{\mu}g/mL$ and $20{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Both $1{\mu}g/mL$ and $5{\mu}g/mL$ of TCMF water extraction increased MyHC IIa, MyHC IIb, and MyHC IIx mRNA expression in porcine myocytes (p<0.05), while MyHC Ι mRNA expression in porcine myocytes was decreased by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Porcine myocyte MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA expression were increased, and MyHC IIa and MyHC IIb mRNA expression were down-regulated by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). MyHC Ι and MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were increased, and the MyHC IIb mRNA expression was decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). Four isoforms of MyHC mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were reduced by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes increased and MyHC IIb mRNA expression decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ in a TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that TCMF amplified the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area through changing muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. This effect was confirmed as TCMF extraction promoted porcine cell proliferation and affected isoforms of MyHC gene expression in myocytes.