Effect of extrusion on available energy and amino acid digestibility of barley, wheat, sorghum, and broken rice in growing pigs

Ge Zhang,Gang Zhang,Jinbiao Zhao,Ling Liu,Zeyu Zhang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.6

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine available energy and nutritional digestibility of extruded cereals and the effect of extrusion on the nutritional value of feed ingredients, aiming to provide scientific basis for efficient application of extrusion in the diets of growing pigs. Methods: In Exp. 1, 48 crossbred growing pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.6±2.2 kg were selected and fed with eight diets (non-extrusion or extrusion) to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and nutrients digestibility. Eight diets included extruded grains (barley, wheat, sorghum, or broken rice), while four had unprocessed grains. In Exp. 2, 9 diets were formulated including 4 cereals with extrusion or non-extrusion and a N-free diet. In addition, 9 growing pigs (BW = 22.3±2.8 kg) were fitted with T-cannula in the distal ileum and arranged in a 9×6 Youden square design. Results: Results show that apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, organic meal, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber was not affected by the extrusion process and there was no interaction between cereal type and extrusion treatment on DE, ME. However, the apparent total tract digestibility for crude protein (CP) increased markedly (p<0.05). The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all amino acids (AA) except for leucine remarkably increased by extrusion (p<0.05). There was an interaction on the SID of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, cystine, and tyrosine in growing pigs between type of grain and extrusion treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Extrusion increased the ileal digestibility of CP and most AA in cereals, however, the DE and ME of cereals were not affected in growing pigs.

从三篇铭文看西周铭文的风格流变

Zhang Su Ge 한국중국산문학회 2013 중국산문연구집간 Vol.3 No.-

청동기 명문은 중국산문 형성발전의 초기 원류이기 때문에 은상시기 출토된 문물 문자자료에 대한 연구는 고대산문발전변화의 중요한 부분이다. 본문은 서주초기 명문인 『利궤』과 서주 중기 명문인『牆盤』그리고 서주 후기 명문인『逑盤』을 예로 하여 서주산문의 풍격 특징을 고찰하였는데 요약하자면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 일부 형식이 점차 엄격하고 일치되는 경향을 보인다. 두 번째, 사구의 안배가 점차 안정되고 수사격식도 다양화 되고 있다. 세 번째, 어휘의 적절한 선택이다. 명문 편폭의 자수가 증가됨에 따라 명문의 형식과 조구에 있어서 뛰어난 수사예술을 드러내고 있다. 이는 명문 작가가 고도의 수사 자각성을 갖고 있음을 나타내며 고대인의 자각적인 문화의식을 체현하는 것이기도 하다. 이와 같은 내용을 통해 서주 초기 산문의 시대적 특징과 발전 추세를 살펴볼 수 있었다.

Color Prediction for Pre-Colored Cotton Fiber Blends Based on Improved Kubelka-Munk Double-Constant Theory

Ge Zhang,Jian Zhou,Ruru Pan,Lei Wang,Weidong Gao 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.2

The accuracy of color prediction results for pre-colored fiber blends is critical in the textile industry. In this paper,we attempt to investigate a feasible method for predicting the color of pre-colored fibers blends. Five pre-colored cottonfibers were divided into two groups, one for achromatic primaries (white and black) and one for chromatic primaries (red,blue, and yellow). Their respective absorption coefficient (K) and scattering coefficient (S) were calculated by the leastsquares method from the prepared fiber blends samples. The color information of the 34 test blending samples including twoprimaryand three-primary was predicted by the improved Kubelka-Munk (K-M) double-constant theory. Comparing withthe measurement results, the minimum and maximum DE00 color differences were 0.215 and 1.890. The variance of colordifference for two-primary samples was 0.128 and for three-primary samples was 0.154, both were smaller than that obtainedby the K-M theory relative value method, the Stearns-Noechel (S-N) model, revised S-N models, and the Friele model. Theresults show that the improved K-M double-constant theory can be used to better predict the color blending effect of precoloredfibers.

KETCH1 imports HYL1 to nucleus for miRNA biogenesis in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Zhang, Zhonghui,Guo, Xinwei,Ge, Chunxiao,Ma, Zeyang,Jiang, Mengqiu,Li, Tianhong,Koiwa, Hisashi,Yang, Seong Wook,Zhang, Xiuren National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.15

<P>MicroRNA (miRNA) is processed from primary transcripts with hairpin structures (pri-miRNAs) by microprocessors in the nucleus. How cytoplasmic-borne microprocessor components are transported into the nucleus to fulfill their functions remains poorly understood. Here, we report KETCH1 (karyopherin enabling the transport of the cytoplasmic HYL1) as a partner of hyponastic leaves 1 (HYL1) protein, a core component of microprocessor in Arabidopsis and functional counterpart of DGCR8/Pasha in animals. Null mutation of ketch1 is embryonic-lethal, whereas knockdown mutation of ketch1 caused morphological defects, reminiscent of mutants in the miRNA pathway. ketch1 knockdown mutation also substantially reduced miRNA accumulation, but did not alter nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of miRNAs. Rather, the mutation significantly reduced nuclear portion of HYL1 protein and correspondingly compromised the pri-miRNA processing in the nucleus. We propose that KETCH1 transports HYL1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to constitute functional microprocessor in Arabidopsis. This study provides insight into the largely unknown nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking process of miRNA biogenesis components through eukaryotes.</P>

Anomalous magnetization jumps in granular Pb superconducting films

Zhang An-Lei,Jiang Wan-Yan,Chen Xing-Hong,Zhang Xiao-Ke,Lu Wen-Lai,Chen Fei,Feng Zhen-Jie,Cao Shi-Xun,Zhang Jin-Cang,Ge Jun-Yi 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.35 No.-

In granular superconductors, the grain boundaries are closely related to the vortex dynamics and the macroscopic superconducting properties. In our research, Pb films with different grain sizes were prepared by tuning the substrate temperature. With the grain size decreasing, Pb films are prone to feature the anomalous magnetization jumps in the M − T curves, while in the M − H curves flux avalanche happens. Both phenomena appear in the same region of the H − T phase diagram and thus are considered to have the same origin. The further theoretical analysis shows that with grain size decreasing the pinning mechanism evolves from a mixed δTc and δl pinning to the δl pinning mechanism. The results shed light on the study of pinning mechanism for granular superconductors and is beneficial to the potential application of manipulating vortex pinning by regulation of intrinsic defects.

Aerodynamic admittances of bridge deck sections: Issues and wind field dependence

Zhang, Zhitian,Zhang, Weifeng,Ge, Yaojun Techno-Press 2017 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.25 No.3

Two types of aerodynamic admittance function (AAF) that have been adopted in bridge aerodynamics are addressed. The first type is based on a group of supposed relations between flutter derivatives and AAFs. In so doing, the aero-elastic properties of a section could be used to determine AAFs. It is found that the supposed relations hold only for cases when the gust frequencies are within a very low range. Predominant frequencies of long-span bridges are, however, far away from this range. In this sense, the AAFs determined this way are of little practical significance. Another type of AAFs is based on the relation between the Theodorsen circulation function and the Sears function, which holds for thin airfoil theories. It is found, however, that an obvious illogicality exists in this methodology either. In this article, a viewpoint is put forward that AAFs of bluff bridge deck sections are inherently dependent on oncoming turbulent properties. This kind of dependence is investigated with a thin plate and a double-girder bluff section via computational fluid dynamics method. Two types of wind fluctuations are used for identification of AAFs. One is turbulent wind flow while the other is harmonic. The numerical results indicate that AAFs of the thin plate agree well with the Sears AAF, and show no obvious dependence on the oncoming wind fields. In contrast, for the case of bluff double-girder section, AAFs identified from the turbulent and harmonic flows of different amplitudes differ among each other, exhibiting obvious dependence on the oncoming wind field properties.

Predictive Value of Molecular Subtyping for Locoregional Recurrence in Early-Stage Breast Cancer with N1 without Postmastectomy Radiotherapy

Ge Wen,Jin-Shan Zhang,Yu-Jing Zhang,Yu-Jia Zhu,Xiao-Bo Huang,Xunxing Guan 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of breast cancer Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between molecular subtype and locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients with early-stage breast cancer with 1–3 positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) and improve the individualized indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Methods: The records of 701 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer who did not undergo PMRT were retrospectively analyzed. Tumors were subclassified as follows: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched, and basal-like subtypes. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to determine the risk of LRR associated with the different subtypes and to adjust for clinicopathologic factors. Results: Luminal A, luminal B, HER2- enriched, and basal-like subtypes accounted for 51.2%, 28.0%, 8.1%, and 12.7% of cases, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 67 months (range, 9–156 months). Univariate analysis revealed that, compared with the luminal A subtype, the HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes were associated with significantly higher 5-year LRR rates (5.6% vs. 21.6% and vs.15.7% respectively; p=0.002 each), lower 5-year LRR-free survival (LRFS) rates (90.6% vs. 73.8% and 78.5%, respectively; p=0.001 each), and poorer 5-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates (93.7% vs. 82.2% [p=0.002] and 84.9% [p=0.001], respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes, age ≤35 years, a medial tumor, and pT2 stage were poor prognostic factors for LRR and LRFS; furthermore, 2 to 3 positive ALNs represented an independent prognostic factor affecting LRR. The 10-year LRR rates of patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors were 1.0%, 6.9%, 14.3%, 30.4%, and 54.3%, respectively (p<0.001); the 10-year BCSS rates were 86.6%, 88.5%, 84.4%, 79.7%, and 38.8%, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Molecular subtyping allows for individualized evaluation of LRR risk in patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer. PMRT should be recommended for patients with ≥3 LRR risk factors.

Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Minimal Energy Control with Guaranteed Convergence Rate of Linear Systems

Kai Zhang,Suoliang Ge,Yuling Ge 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.12

The traditional linear quadratic optimal control can be summarized as finding the state feedback controller, so that the closed-loop system is stable and the performance index is minimum. And it is well known that the solution of the linear quadratic optimal control problem can be obtained by algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) with the standard assumptions. However, results developed for the raditional linear quadratic optimal control problem cannot be directly applied to solve the problem of minimal energy control with guaranteed convergence rate (MECGCR), because the standard assumptions cannot be satisfied in the MECGCR problem. In this paper, we mainly consider the problem of MECGCR and prove that ARE can be applied to solve the MECGCR problem under some conditions. Furthermore, with the assumption that the system dynamics is unknown, we propose a policy iteration (PI) based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm to iteratively solve the ARE using the online information of state and input, without requiring the a priori knowledge of the system matrices. Finally, a numerical example is worked out to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Insect-specific microRNA involved in the development of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Yong Zhang,Xue Zhou,Xie Ge,Jiang-Hao Jiang,Mu-Wang Li,Shi-Hai Jia,Xiao-Nan Yang,Yun-Chao Kan,Xue-Xia Miao,Guo-Ping Zhao,Fei Li,Yong-Ping Huang 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding genes that participate in post-transcription regulation by either degrading mRNA or blocking its translation. It is considered to be very important in regulating insect development and metamorphosis. Insects are the largest group of animals and are extremely valuable in biological and agriculture research. Insects are also important pests to human health and agriculture, and efforts are necessary protect both humans and plants from disease and damage. Despite their importance, insects lag behind mammals, nematodes, and plants in miRNA research. At present, only 279 insect miRNAs have been identified from Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori, and D. pseudoobscura in miRBase, and most of these miRNAs were computationally predicted without experimental validation. Functional analysis of insect miRNAs has only been conducted in D. melanogaster.

Securing the AES Cryptographic Circuit Against both Power and Fault Attacks

Jinbao Zhang,Ning Wu,Fang Zhou,Fen Ge,Xiaoqiang Zhang 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.5

Aiming to protect cryptographic circuits against physical attacks, researchers have proposed a variety of mature and effective countermeasures. However, most of these defensive technologies are used for specific and single attack, thus it is hard to thwart combined attack, such as combined power and fault attacks. In this paper, we propose a dual complementary infection countermeasure for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic circuit to defend against both power and fault attacks. According to the target AES circuit, we first design and construct a dual complementary AES circuit to defend against power attacks, which can balance the power consumption when processing different data. Besides, to defend against fault attacks, in the dual complementary AES circuit, we design an improved random infection mechanism to diffuse the effect of injected faults. Experiment results show that the proposed countermeasure can thwart both power and fault attacks effectively. Compared with those AES circuits which can only defend against single attack, our designed circuit increases greatly the security under extra 83.1% area overhead and 2.1% impacts on the maximum working frequency.