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Wolff Bernard J.,Gaines Anna,Conley Andrew B.,Norris Emily,Rishishwar Lavanya,Chande Aroon T.,Yang Eungi,Diaz Maureen H.,Winchell Jonas M. 대한진단검사의학회 2023 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.43 No.4
We developed and assessed the performance of a new multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of all Chlamydia species and simultaneous differentiation of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae—two important human respiratory pathogens—in human clinical specimens. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify unique targets to design real-time PCR assays targeting all Chlamydia species, C. psittaci, and C. pneumoniae. To validate the assay, we used a panel of 49 culture isolates comprising seven C. psittaci genotypes, eight C. pneumoniae isolates, seven other Chlamydia species, and 22 near-neighbor bacterial and viral isolates, along with 22 specimens from external quality assessment (EQA) panels and 34 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and cerebrospinal fluid, stool, and sputum specimens previously identified as positive or negative for C. psittaci or C. pneumoniae. The assays were 100% specific, with limits of detection of 7.64– 9.02 fg/μL. The assay results matched with historical assay results for all specimens, except for one owing to the increased sensitivity of the new C. psittaci assay; the results of the EQA specimens were 100% accurate. This assay may improve the timely and accurate clinical diagnosis of Chlamydia infections and provide a greater understanding of the burden of disease caused by these agents.
위생지표세균 검출을 위한 APHA-MPN과 mTEC법의 비교 -미국 Rhode Island주 Greenwich Bay의 위생조사를 통하여-
HWANG Gyu-Chul,GAINES Jack L.,WATKINS William D. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.3
APHA-MPA(American Public Health Association-Most Probable Numbers)은 환경수중에 존재하는 위생지표세균 추정에 사용되는 미국 FDA의 유일한 공인방법이기는 하나 결과를 얻기까지 많은 시간, 인력 및 경비가 소요될 뿐 아니라 일반적으로 정밀도도 낮다는 결점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여 개발된 막여과 방법중 mTEC(membrane thermotolerant E. coli)은 분변계대장균 및 E. coli의 회수율이 좋을 뿐 아니라 경비도 절약할 수 있는 방법으로서 알려져 있어, 미국 Rhode Island주의 Greenwich Bay의 위생조사를 통하여 MPN과 비교하여 보았다. 그 결과 mTEC의 분변계 대장균 및 E. coli 회수율은 MPN보다 평균치로써 각각 1.08 및 1.27배 높게 나타나, MPN의 대체 방법으로서의 가능성이 확인되었으며, 따라서 이 방법이 앞으로 위생지표세균의 검출방법으로서 공인된다면 우리나라 수출용 패류생산 지정해역의 관리는 물론 패류양식장의 위생학적인 분류도 효율적으로 할 수 있으리라 기대된다. The APHA-MPN procedure is the only officially accepted method for classifying shellfish growing areas in U. S. A. The method estimates the levels of fecal coliforms and E. coli, indicators of the sanitary quality of environmental waters. However, the MPN has several disadvantages requiring far more time, labor and expense for assay, as well as providing relatively poor precision. Several membrane filtration procedures have been developed to enumerate these indicators in waters. Of these, the mTEC technique has been shown to provide recoveries of fecal coliforms and E. coli comparable to those of the MPN method. In an abbreviated sanitary survey for Greenwich Bay in Rhode Island, U. S. A., classified as an approved shellfish growing area, the mTEC and conventional MPN methods were again compared for their recoveries of the indicator bacteria. It was found that the recoveries of fecal coliforms and E. coli provided by the mTEC technique are 1.08 and 1.27 times higher than those produced by MPN for water monitoring, respectively, and that the membrane filtration method appears to be a possible alternative to APHA-MPN.
Shannon E. Marwitz,Megan V. Gaines,Sheila M. Brady,Sarah J. Mi,Miranda M. Broadney,Susan Z. Yanovski,Van S. Hubbard,Jack A. Yanovski 대한내분비학회 2020 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.35 No.4
Background: Few studies using criterion measures of insulin sensitivity (SI) and insulin secretory capacity (ISC) have been conducted across puberty to adulthood. We examined how SI and ISC change from pre-puberty through adulthood. Methods: Hyperglycemic clamp studies were performed in a convenience sample of non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and White children evaluated at age 6 to 12 years and at approximately 5-year intervals into adulthood (maximum age 27 years). SI and ISC (first-phase and steady-state insulin secretion) were determined cross-sectionally in 133 unique participants across puberty and in adulthood. Additionally, longitudinal changes in SI and ISC were compared at two timepoints among three groups defined by changes in pubertal development: pre-pubertal at baseline and late-pubertal at follow-up (n=27), early-pubertal at baseline and late-pubertal at follow-up (n=27), and late-pubertal at baseline and adult at follow-up (n=24). Results: Cross-sectionally, SI was highest in pre-puberty and early puberty and lowest in mid-puberty (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] P=0.001). Longitudinally, SI decreased from pre-puberty to late puberty (P<0.001), then increased somewhat from late puberty to adulthood. Cross-sectionally, first-phase and steady-state ISC increased during puberty and decreased in adulthood (ANCOVA P<0.02). Longitudinally, steady-state and first-phase ISC increased from pre-puberty to late puberty (P<0.007), and steady-state ISC decreased from late puberty to adulthood. The NHB group had lower SI (P=0.003) and greater first-phase and steady-state ISC (P≤0.001), independent of pubertal development. Conclusion: This study confirms that SI decreases and ISC increases transiently during puberty and shows that these changes largely resolve in adulthood.
Stimulated Release of Size‐Selected Cargos in Succession from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Wang, Cheng,Li, Zongxi,Cao, Dennis,Zhao, Yan‐,Li,Gaines, Justin W.,Bozdemir, O. Altan,Ambrogio, Michael W.,Frasconi, Marco,Botros, Youssry Y.,Zink, Jeffrey I.,Stoddart, J. Fraser WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.22
<P><B>Zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe</B>: Die kovalente Bindung von β‐Cyclodextrin (gelb; siehe Bild) an mesoporöse Siliciumdioxid‐Nanopartikel (MSNs) ergibt ein duales Freisetzungssystem, das mit unterschiedlich großen Wirkstoffen (blaue und rote Kugeln) beladen werden kann, die sich auf verschiedene Stimuli hin nacheinander freisetzen lassen. Die kleineren Moleküle werden durch Absenken des pH‐Wertes freigesetzt, die größeren nach Abspaltung der Cyclodextrine von der MSN‐Oberfläche.</P>
Contemporary Unplanned Readmission Trends Following Management of Type B Aortic Dissection
Ashley J. Williamson,Seth Sankary,Kristine Marie Kuchta,Sara Gaines,Omar Morcos,Benjamin Lind,Luka Pocivavsek,Anahita Dua,Cheong J. Lee 대한혈관외과학회 2022 Vascular Specialist International Vol.38 No.2
Purpose: Large studies have demonstrated improved survival outcomes with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) at two and five years compared to medical therapy; however, early TEVAR for acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD) remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate trends and clinical predictors of hospital readmissions in patients undergoing medical management and TEVAR for acute TBADs. Materials and Methods: The Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for all 30-day and 90-day index readmissions (30D-IR and 90D-IR, respectively) after a diagnosis of a TBAD from January 2012 to September 2015. Data on readmission diagnosis, patient demographics, and hospital characteristics were collected from readmitted patients and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of readmission after TEVAR or medical medical management of TBAD. Results: We identified 53,117 patients with acute TBAD. Medical management was the initial treatment modality in 46,985 (88.4%) patients, while 6,132 (11.5%) underwent TEVAR. Factors including older patient age, lower household income, severity of comorbidities, initial hospital length of stay, and urgent procedure demonstrated an increased likelihood of experiencing 30D-IR and 90D-IR (P<0.05). The rate of unplanned readmission for patients undergoing medical management remained stable (11.3% vs. 10.0% for 30D-IR; 19.1% vs. 15.5% for 90D-IR). Reasons for unplanned readmission in the TEVAR cohort were largely related to technical complications. There was no significant difference in readmission costs between medical management and TEVAR. Conclusion: Number of unplanned readmissions in the TEVAR arm decreased significantly over time, whereas the number of readmissions for medical management remained stable.