Five-year clinical outcomes in patients with significant coronary artery spasm: A propensity score-matched analysis

Choi, B.G.,Park, S.H.,Rha, S.W.,Park, J.Y.,Choi, S.Y.,Park, Y.,Xu, S.,Ngow, H.A.,Ali, J.,Li, H.,Kim, J.B.,Lee, S.,Na, J.O.,Choi, C.U.,Lim, H.E.,Kim, J.W.,Kim, E.J.,Park, C.G.,Seo, H.S.,Oh, D.J. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.184 No.-

Background: Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is known to be a risk factor of acute coronary syndrome and angina pectoris. However, there is no currently available data with larger study population regarding long-term clinical outcomes of CAS in real world clinical practice. Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of CAS and the impact of CAS on 5-year clinical outcomes in a series of Asian CAS patients documented by intracoronary acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test. Methods: A total of 1413 consecutive patients without significant coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent Ach provocation test between Nov. 2004 and Oct. 2008 were enrolled. Significant CAS was defined as >70% of narrowing by incremental intracoronary injection of 20, 50 and 100μg. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of significant CAS (the non-CAS group: n=640, the CAS group; n=773). To adjust potential confounders, a propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. Results: A total of 54.7% (773/1413) patients were diagnosed as CAS documented by Ach provocation test. After PSM analysis, 2 propensity-matched groups (451 pairs, n=902, C-statistic=0.677) were generated. Despite of similar incidence of individual hard endpoints including mortality, myocardial infarction and revascularization, the CAS group showed the higher trend of recurrent angina requiring follow up angiography than the non-CAS group up to 5years (HR; 1.56, 95% C.I.; 0.99-2.46, p=0.054). Conclusions: The prevalence of CAS was 54.7%. Although the cumulative incidence of recurrent angina requiring follow up coronary angiography seems to be increased up to 5years in CAS patients, CAS patients was not associated with major individual and composite clinical outcomes such as mortality, MI, PCI, CVA with optimal medical therapy as compared with patients without CAS.

Investigation of PCR-RFLPs within Major Histocompatibility Complex B-G Genes Using Two Restriction Enzymes in Eight Breeds of Chinese Indigenous Chickens

R. F. Xu,K. Li,G. H. Chen,B. Y. Z. Qiang,D. L. Mo,B. Fan,C. C. Li,M. Yu,M. J. Zhu,T. A. Xiong,B. Liu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.7

New polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex B-G genes was investigated by amplification and digestion of a 401bp fragment including intron 1 and exon 2 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique with two restriction enzymes of Msp I and Tas I in eight breeds of Chinese indigenous chickens and one exotic breed. In the fragment region of the gene, three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected at the two restriction sites. We found the transition of two nucleotides of A294G and T295C occurred at Tas I restriction site, and consequently led to a nonsynonymous substitution of asparagine into serine at position 54 within the deduced amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin variableregion- like domain encoded by the exon 2 of B-G gene. It was observed at rare frequency that a single mutation of A294G occurring at the site, also caused an identical substitution of amino acid, asparagine 54-to-serine, to that we described previously. And the transversion of G319C at Msp I site led to a non-synonymous substitution, glutamine 62-to-histidine. The new alleles and allele frequencies identified by the PCR-RFLP method with the two enzymes were characterized, of which the allele A and B frequencies at Msp I and Tas I loci were given disequilibrium distribution either in the eight Chinese local breeds or in the exotic breed. By comparison, allele A at Msp I locus tended to be dominant, while, the allele B at Tas I locus tended to be dominant in all of the breeds analyzed. In Tibetan chickens, the preliminary association analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed between the different genotypes identified at the Msp I and Tas I loci and the laying performance traits, respectively.

미역부산물의 첨가가 홀스타인 비유우의 비유성적과 내분비생리에 미치는 영향

이홍구,홍중산,이철호,허성웅,김훈,김명국,이현준,최낙진,고태송,최윤재,Lee, H.G.,Hong, Z.S.,Li, Z.H.,Xu, C.X.,Jin, X.,Jin, M.G.,Lee, H.J.,Choi, N.J.,Koh, T.S.,Choi, Yun-Jaie 한국축산학회 2005 한국축산학회지 Vol.47 No.4

본 시험은 미역분말의 첨가가 홀스타인 젖소의 유생산과 내분비계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 기초사료에 미역분말을 1일 두당 800g 수준으로 급여하여 대조구와 비교하였다. 사료건물섭취량은 처리에 의한 영향을 받지 않았고 비유말기 산유량은 대조구에 비해 일일 6.25kg 이나 많게 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 하지만 유성분은 처리구간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 대조구의 체세포수는 유동적이었지만 처리구의 체세포수는 시험 종료 시 $10^5$개/ml로 시험개시에 비해 무려 53.77%의 감소효과를 보여 탁월한 체세포 감소효과를 나타내었다. 미역분말의 첨가가 혈중 면역글로부린의 함량에는 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 비유에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 IGF-1의 혈장농도는 미역처리구에서 유의성 있게 증가하였으며 비유와 직접적인 관련이 있는 또 다른 호르몬인 $T_3$ 와 $T_4$의 농도도 유의적으로 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 지질대사산물인 TC, HDL-C와 LDL-C의 농도는 모두 처리구에서 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 이와 같이 미역부산물의 사료 중 첨가는 유생산량의 증가를 보였는데 이는 혈중 비유관련 호르몬의 분비에 영향을 준 결과로 확인된 바 젖소사료자원으로서의 응용가치가 클 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to investigate effects of the brown seaweed waste(BSW) supplementation on milk production and related endocrine response in serum in Holstein dairy cows. A total of 14 Holstein dairy cows(initial mean live weight 625kg, average lactation days 225, Reproduction 2.4) were randomly allocated into control(basal diet) and treatment groups (4% BSW/basal diet) with 7 replications for 90 days. Dry matter intake was not affected by brown seaweed waste supplementation, but daily milk yield(kg) at the last experiment significantly increased (6.25kg) in treatment group compared with control group(p<0.05) at the last experiment. The plasma insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1, triiodothyronine($T_3$) and thyroxine($T_4$) levels were significantly increased in treatment group compared with control group(p<0.05), although the concentration of plasma growth hormone(GH) was not significantly different. Milk composition was not significantly different between groups. The somatic cell count(SCC) in milk were significantly reduced in treatment group compared with control group(p<0.05), but antibodies(total IgG, G1, G2) were not significantly different between groups. Therefore we strongly believe that the increased milk yield is related to metabolic hormones as IGF-1, $T_3$ and $T_4$ and the mechanism of reducing SCC in milk must do more study related nonspecific immunsystem in the future.

Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Non-starch Polysaccharide Degradation in Different Sections of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers Fed Wheat-based Diets

Zhang, L.,Xu, J.,Lei, L.,Jiang, Y.,Gao, F.,Zhou, G.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.6

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and the degradation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers fed wheat-based diets. A total of 120 7-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to two wheat-based experimental diets supplemented with 0 or 1.0 g/kg xylanase. Each treatment was composed of 6 replicates with 10 birds each. Diets were given to the birds from 7 to 21 days of age. The results showed that xylanase supplementation did not affect feed intake, but increased body weight gain of broiler at 21 day of age by 5.8% (p<0.05) and improved feed-to-gain ratio by 5.0% (p<0.05). Xylanase significantly increased (p<0.05) ileal digestibilities of crude protein (CP) by 3.5%, starch by 9.3%, soluble NSP by 43.9% and insoluble NSP by 42.2% relative to the control group, respectively. Also, compared with the control treatment, xylanase addition increased (p<0.05) total tract digestibilities of dry matter by 5.7%, CP by 4.1%, starch by 6.3%, soluble NSP by 50.8%, and had a tendency to increase (p = 0.093) insoluble NSP by 19.9%, respectively. The addition of xylanase increased the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in the digesta of gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05), and the order of their concentration was ileum>jejunum>duodenum>>gizzard> caecum. The supplementation of xylanse increased ileal isomaltriose concentration (p<0.05), but did not affect the concentrations of isomaltose, panose and 1-kestose in the digesta of all GIT sections. These results suggest that supplementation of xylanase to wheat-based diets cuts the arabinoxylan backbone into small fragments (mainly arabinose and xylose) in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum, and enhances digestibilites of nutrients by decreasing digesta viscosity. The release of arabinose and xylose in the small intestine may also be the important contributors to the growth-promoting effect of xylanase in broilers fed wheat-based diets.

Effects of Enzyme Supplementation on Growth, Intestinal Content Viscosity, and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Growing Pigs Fed Rough Rice-based Diet

Wang, M.Q.,Xu, Z.R.,Sun, J.Y.,Kim, B.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exogenous non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzymes on performance, intestinal content viscosity and digestive enzyme activities of growing pigs fed a rough rice-based diet. A total of 60 crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of 35.16 kg (SD = 0.82) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to two treatments with three replications. Each group was fed the diet based on rice with or without exogenous NSP enzymes (2 g/kg of diet). During the 70 days of the feeding trial, all pigs were given free access to feed and water. At the end of the feeding trial, six pigs from each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect intestinal digesta, intestinal mucosa, and pancreas. The addition of NSP enzymes improved average daily gain (p<0.05) and feed:gain (p<0.05), and decreased viscosity of digesta in the jejunum (p<0.001) and ileum (p<0.01) of pigs. The supplementation of NSP enzymes increased activities of protease (p<0.01), trypsin (p<0.01) and ${\alpha}$-amylase (p<0.05) in duodenal contents. However, digestive enzymes in the pancreas, jejunal and ileal mucosa were unaffected by the supplemental NSP enzymes (p>0.10). The results indicate that the addition of NSP enzymes to rough rice-based diets improved performance of pigs, reduced viscosity and increased digestive activity in the small intestine.

Impact of low dose atorvastatin on development of new-onset diabetes mellitus in Asian population: Three-year clinical outcomes

Park, J.Y.,Rha, S.W.,Choi, B.,Choi, J.W.,Ryu, S.K.,Kim, S.,Noh, Y.K.,Choi, S.Y.,Akkala, R.G.,Li, H.,Ali, J.,Xu, S.,Ngow, H.A.,Lee, J.J.,Lee, G.N.,Kim, J.,Lee, S.,Na, J.O.,Choi, C.U.,Lim, H.E.,Kim, J.W Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.184 No.-

Background: High dose atorvastatin is known to be associated with new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in patients with high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). However, low dose atorvastatin is more commonly used as compared with high dose atorvastatin. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of low dose atorvastatin (LDA, 10mg or 20mg) on the development of NODM up to three years in Asian patients. Methods: From January 2004 to September 2009, we investigated a total of 3566 patients who did not have DM. To adjust for potential confounders, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. After PSM (C-statistics: 0.851), a total of 818 patients (LDA group, n=409 patients and control group, n=409 patients) were enrolled for analysis. Results: Before PSM, the cumulative incidence of NODM (5.8% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001), myocardial infarction (0.5% vs. 0.1%, p-value=0.007), and major adverse cardio-cerebral event (MACCE, 1.8% vs. 0.7%, p-value=0.012) at three-years were higher in the LAD group. However, after PSM, there was a trend toward higher incidence of NODM (5.9% vs. 3.2%, p=0.064) in the LDA group, but the incidence of MACCE (1.2% vs. 1.5%, p-value=1.000) was similar between the two groups. In multivariable analysis, the LDA administration was tended to be an independent predictor of NODM (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.00-3.98, p-value 0.050). Conclusions: In this study, the use of LDA tended to be a risk factor for NODM in Asian patients and reduced clinical events similar to the control group. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials will be needed to get the final conclusion.

Substance flow of precious metals in end-of-life vehicles recycling system

( G. Xu ),( J. Yano ),( S. Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2017 No.1

Precious metals are used in automobile to meet regulatory and additional requirements on safety, environmental performance, comfort and infotainment. As global end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) generation continuously increasing, ELVs have become a promising secondary resource of precious metals. However, current ELVs recycling system mainly focuses on securing hazardous content and recovering bulk materials. Without efficient processes of collection precious metals containing components after ELVs dismantling, precious metals are transferred into automobile shredder residue (ASR) and eventually lost from material cycles. To clarify the substance flow of precious metals, a substance flow analysis (SFA) (including five precious metals: Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh and Au) was carried out. In order to provide the SFA, three subsections were conducted. Firstly, a model (covering five vehicle types: large size conventional vehicle (LCV), typical size conventional vehicle (TCV), mini size conventional vehicles (MCV), typical size hybrid electric vehicle (THEV) and typical size electric vehicle (TEV) was built to estimate the precious metals content per vehicle. Additionally, the required concentration of precious metals in automotive components (covering seven component types: printed circuit boards (PCBs), secondary battery cell, off-gas catalyst, liquid-crystal display monitor, ceramic in oxygen sensor, earth electrode in spaik plug and heating wire in rear glass) for estimation of flows was analyzed by our previous research. Secondly, the generation of ELVs in Japan (2020 was set as represented year) was estimated by using statistics and population model. Thirdly, a questionnaire was developed for a ELVs recycling company (capacity: 11, 000 units per year) to identify the current collection rate and post-collection route of the components. By combining these subsections, the flows of precious metals were estimated. The results show that THEV contains the most precious metals (8 g), and it is followed by LCV (6 g), TEV (4 g), TCV (4 g) and MCV (3 g). Although TEV does not equip with off-gas catalyst, equipping more PCBs makes its overall precious metals content slightly larger than TCV. In 2020, 3.4 million ELVs will be generated in Japan. This 3.4 million ELVs generation equivalents to 15, 900 kg precious metals recovery potential (i.e. 5, 800 kg Ag, 800 kg Rh, 5, 100 kg Pd, 2, 900 kg Pt and 1, 300 kg Au), and it mainly derives from rear glass, 42%, PCBs, 30% and catalyst, 28%. Currently, the collection of secondary battery cells, off-gas catalysts and ceramics in oxygen sensors is well established with a 75-100% collection rate; the collection rate of liquid-crystal display monitors, PBCs and heating wires in rear glass is 50-74%, 25-49% and 1-24%, respectively; nevertheless, there is no systematical collection for earth electrode in spark plug so far. Accordingly, there is significant potential to improve the overall collection rate of precious metals by enhancing the collection of PCBs and heating wires in rear glass. Based on the SFA (Figure 1), collected precious metals for export will be 400 kg (leaving from Japan); on the other hand, the domestic flow (staying in Japan) such as reuse, recycling and storage will be more than 14 times larger compared with export. Finally, 55% of total precious metals content in ELVs in Japan will flow in landfill as ASR, and other 5% will be lost during bulk metal recovering.

HIGH-PERFORMANCE Pt/CNTs CATALYSTS VIA HYDROGEN PLASMA FOR METHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION

J. L. XU,S. G. WANG,Q. R. DENG,Y. LIU,J. L. ZHU,C. B. XU,J. H. WANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.2

High-performance carbon nanotubes-supported Pt catalysts (Pt/CNTs) catalysts were pre-pared on the basis of Pt precursors reduced by hydrogen plasma (Pt/CNTs-HP) generated bymicrowave. The other two Pt/CNTs catalysts prepared by hydrogen (Pt/CNTs-H) and NaBH 4(Pt/CNTs-N) reduction were also involved for comparison. The practical composition of thecatalysts was characterized with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX). It was shown fromtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray di®raction (XRD) that the Pt nanoparticlesin Pt/CNTs-HP were uniformly dispersed on CNTs with smaller particle size around 2 nmand narrower size distribution as compared with the other two catalysts. Additionally, X-rayphotoelectron spectrum (XPS) analysis indicated higher amount of zero-valence states of Pt inPt/CNTs-HP caused by hydrogen plasma treatment. The electrooxidation of liquid methanol onthese catalysts was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV)and chronoamperometry. The long-time durability is very comparable to all the three catalysts. Remarkably, the Pt/CNTs-HP possessed the highest electrocatalytic activity, suggesting thatthe hydrogen plasma reduction approach can be a promising reduction method for preparinghigh-performance Pt-based electrocatalysts.

Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and Its Impact on Climate Change in Cropland of China

Xu, M.G.,Zhang, W.J.,Wang, X.B.,Tong, X.G. 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2009 No.10

Suboptimal control strategy in structural control implementation

Xu, J.Y.,Li, Q.S.,Li, G.Q.,Wu, J.R.,Tang, J. Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.19 No.1

The suboptimal control rule is introduced in structural control implementation as an alternative over the optimal control because the optimal control may require large amount of processing time when applied to complex structural control problems. It is well known that any time delay in structural control implementation will cause un-synchronized application of the control forces, which not only reduce the effectiveness of an active control system, but also cause instability of the control system. The effect of time delay on the displacement and acceleration responses of building structures is studied when the suboptimal control rule is adopted. Two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the suboptimal control rule. It is shown through the examples that the present method is easy in implementation and high in efficiency and it can significantly reduce the time delay in structural control implementation without significant loss of performance.