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Croft, B.A. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1993 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.32 No.4
Resistance evolution to organophosphate-based pesticides in apple and pear inhabiting arthropods of western North America extends to many classes of pest and some beneficial species. Resistance management programs to minimize resistance in pests while exploiting it in natural enemies have met with mixed success. Among beneficials, resistances have been exploited mostly among predators of pest mites. Evolution of resistant mites, leafminers, leafhopper, aphids, leafrollers and some internal fruit feeders have led to development of new monitoring methods and means to delay or avoid resistance. But it is resistance to azinphosmethyl in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) that is changing the pest control system and moving it from chemical to biologically-based means. Newly merging IPM system will depend more on use of biological, cultural, behavior and genetic controls. But more selective pesticides also will be needed to augment pheromones, resistant host plants and genetically altered organisms. These more biologically-based tactics will be prone to resistance evolution in pests as well, if used too unilaterally and/or too extensively.
A Learning Experience from ISTO Examination
(Nigel Croft),(Young Hyun Park) 한국품질경영학회 2001 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.2 No.2
The revised ISO9000 family of standards represents a significant improvement on the 1994 version and, if implemented well within organizations, should facilitate the development of effective, process-oriented Quality Management Systems. This paper describes how the International Standardized Testing Organization (ISTO) tests the understanding of ISO9000: 2000, and presents an analysis of the results of the first examinations held in the UK, USA, Mexico and Hong Kong, in February and March 2001.
White Roland,Croft Michael,Bird Stephen,Sampson Matthew 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.12
The expanding scope of interventional musculoskeletal procedures has resulted in increased pressure on general radiologists. The confidence of general radiologists in performing ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal procedures varies with their clinical exposure. This didactic review provides a methodologically and clinically oriented approach to enhancing user understanding and confidence in performing ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal procedures. The body of the text is accompanied by figures depicting the procedural approach, injection site, and labeled ultrasonography images. This paper aims to provide a teaching and bedside aid for education on and the execution of musculoskeletal procedures to ensure the provision of quality health care.
Use of 1.7 kV and 3.3 kV SiC Diodes in Si-IGBT/ SiC Hybrid Technology
Y. K. Sharma,L. Coulbeck,P. Mumby-Croft,Y. Wang,I. Deviny 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.73 No.9
Replacing conventional Si diodes with SiC diodes in Si insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules is advantageous as it can reduce power losses significantly. Also, the fast switching nature of the SiC diode will allow Si IGBTs to operate at their full high-switching-speed potential, which at present conventional Si diodes cannot do. In this work, the electrical test results for Si-IGBT/4HSiC- Schottky hybrid substrates (hybrid SiC substrates) are presented. These substrates are built for two voltage ratings, 1.7 kV and 3.3 kV. Comparisons of the 1.7 kV and the 3.3 kV Si-IGBT/Si-diode substrates (Si substrates) at room temperature (20 C, RT) and high temperature (H125 C, HT) have shown that the switching losses in hybrid SiC substrates are miniscule as compared to those in Si substrates but necessary steps are required to mitigate the ringing observed in the current waveforms. Also, the effect of design variations on the electrical performance of 1.7 kV, 50 A diodes is reported here. These variations are made in the active and termination regions of the device.
Washida, Haruhiko,Sugino, Aya,Kaneko, Sachiyo,Crofts, Naoko,Sakulsingharoj, Chotipa,Kim, Dongwook,Choi, Sang-Bong,Hamada, Shigeki,Ogawa, Masahiro,Wang, Changlin,Esen, Asim,Higgins, Thomas J.V.,Okita, Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 The Plant journal Vol.60 No.1
<P>Summary</P><P>The RNAs for the storage proteins of rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I>), prolamines and glutelins, which are stored as inclusions in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and storage vacuoles, respectively, are targeted by specific <I>cis</I>-localization elements to distinct subdomains of the cortical ER. Glutelin RNA has one or more <I>cis</I>-localization elements (zip codes) at the 3′ end of the RNA, whereas prolamine has two <I>cis</I>-elements; one located in the 5′ end of the coding sequence and a second residing in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR). We had earlier demonstrated that the RNAs for the maize zeins (‘prolamine’ class) are localized to the spherical protein body ER (PB-ER) in developing maize endosperm. As the PB-ER localization of the 10-kDa &dgr;-zein RNA is maintained in developing rice seeds, we determined the number and proximate location of their <I>cis</I>-localization elements by expressing GFP fusions containing various zein RNA sequences in transgenic rice and analyzing their spatial distribution on the cortical ER by <I>in situ</I> RT-PCR and confocal microscopy. Four putative <I>cis</I>-localization elements were identified; three in the coding sequences and one in the 3′-UTR. Two of these zip codes are required for restricted localization to the PB-ER. Using RNA targeting determinants we show, by mis-targeting the storage protein RNAs from their normal destination on the cortical ER, that the coded proteins are redirected from their normal site of deposition. Targeting of RNA to distinct cortical ER subdomains may be the underlying basis for the variable use of the ER lumen or storage vacuole as the final storage deposition site of storage proteins among flowering plant species.</P>
G. G. Forrest,M.A.Sc.,E. A. Croft,A. J. Hodgson 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2006 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.7 No.4
In this work, we investigate the potential of using an air-muscle actuated orthosis controlled by an electromyographic (EMG) signal to reliably augment the grasping force of the hand, thereby allowing the user to reduce the muscle activation required for a power-grasping task. In particular, we tested the hypotheses that subjects could stably handle objects and learn to reduce both their grip force and muscle activation levels with force supplementation. In this study, a surface-mounted EMG sensor on the flexor digitorum provides the input to a proportional-integral-derivative controller governing the force generated by the orthosis. Nine subjects performed a sequence of unassisted and assisted lifts of a weighted and instrumented cylinder. When using the orthotic system to lift the cylinder, subjects reliably reduced their mean grip force and mean contraction level (measured as % Maximum Voluntary Contraction, or %MVC) (p<0.01).<BR> The grip force applied to the cylinder dropped for seven of the nine subjects (p<0.01) and the %MVC dropped for eight of the nine subjects (p<0.01). None of the subjects exhibited any instability or reported any difficulties when using the orthosis. On average, the subjects reduced their %MVC and grasp force by 31% and 56% respectively, so using an air-muscle-powered orthosis controlled by an ipsilateral EMG signal appears to be a feasible concept.