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Location of<i>γ</i>-ray emission and magnetic field strengths in OJ 287
Hodgson, J. A.,Krichbaum, T. P.,Marscher, A. P.,Jorstad, S. G.,Rani, B.,Marti-Vidal, I.,Bach, U.,Sanchez, S.,Bremer, M.,Lindqvist, M.,Uunila, M.,Kallunki, J.,Vicente, P.,Fuhrmann, L.,Angelakis, E.,Kar Springer-Verlag 2017 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.597 No.-
First 230 GHz VLBI fringes on 3C 279 using the APEX Telescope
Wagner, J.,Roy, A. L.,Krichbaum, T. P.,Alef, W.,Bansod, A.,Bertarini, A.,Gü,sten, R.,Graham, D.,Hodgson, J.,Mä,rtens, R.,Menten, K.,Muders, D.,Rottmann, H.,Tuccari, G.,Weiss, A.,Wieching, G.,W EDP Sciences 2015 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.581 No.-
Structural, electrical and transparent properties of ZnO thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering
W. Gao,J. Metson,Z. Li,M. Hodgson,A. Asadov,J. Lee 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin lms were prepared by d.c. (direct current) or r.f. (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering on glass sub-strates. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the lms were studied. It has been found that most lms produced by d.c.sputtering are not electrically conductive or have a high resistance above 10Xm, while the lms produced using r.f. sputtering aresignicantly more conductive. The optical transmittance at 550 nm is around 80% or higher for most lms. The energy band gaps ofthe ZnO lms prepared by d.c. sputtering are smaller than the lms prepared by r.f. sputtering. It is also found that the lms preparedusing an electrical bias have higher resistivity than those produced without bias. It has been observed by SEM that the conductive films show less porosity between the grains than the poor conductive lms. Conductive ZnO lms show a smallerd spacing than thenon-conductive lms. The results reveal that crystal microstructure and density of the ZnO lms aect their conductivity.
Structure and reactivity of a mononuclear non-haem iron(III)??peroxo complex
Cho, Jaeheung,Jeon, Sujin,Wilson, Samuel A.,Liu, Lei V.,Kang, Eun A.,Braymer, Joseph J.,Lim, Mi Hee,Hedman, Britt,Hodgson, Keith O.,Valentine, Joan Selverstone,Solomon, Edward I.,Nam, Wonwoo Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature Vol.478 No.7370
Oxygen-containing mononuclear iron species??iron(iii)??peroxo, iron(iii)??hydroperoxo and iron(iv)??oxo??are key intermediates in the catalytic activation of dioxygen by iron-containing metalloenzymes. It has been difficult to generate synthetic analogues of these three active iron??oxygen species in identical host complexes, which is necessary to elucidate changes to the structure of the iron centre during catalysis and the factors that control their chemical reactivities with substrates. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of a mononuclear non-haem side-on iron(iii)??peroxo complex, [Fe(iii)(TMC)(OO)]<SUP>+</SUP>. We also report a series of chemical reactions in which this iron(iii)??peroxo complex is cleanly converted to the iron(iii)??hydroperoxo complex, [Fe(iii)(TMC)(OOH)]<SUP>2+</SUP>, via a short-lived intermediate on protonation. This iron(iii)??hydroperoxo complex then cleanly converts to the ferryl complex, [Fe(iv)(TMC)(O)]<SUP>2+</SUP>, via homolytic O??O bond cleavage of the iron(iii)??hydroperoxo species. All three of these iron species??the three most biologically relevant iron??oxygen intermediates??have been spectroscopically characterized; we note that they have been obtained using a simple macrocyclic ligand. We have performed relative reactivity studies on these three iron species which reveal that the iron(iii)??hydroperoxo complex is the most reactive of the three in the deformylation of aldehydes and that it has a similar reactivity to the iron(iv)??oxo complex in C??H bond activation of alkylaromatics. These reactivity results demonstrate that iron(iii)??hydroperoxo species are viable oxidants in both nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions by iron-containing enzymes.
G. G. Forrest,M.A.Sc.,E. A. Croft,A. J. Hodgson 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2006 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.7 No.4
In this work, we investigate the potential of using an air-muscle actuated orthosis controlled by an electromyographic (EMG) signal to reliably augment the grasping force of the hand, thereby allowing the user to reduce the muscle activation required for a power-grasping task. In particular, we tested the hypotheses that subjects could stably handle objects and learn to reduce both their grip force and muscle activation levels with force supplementation. In this study, a surface-mounted EMG sensor on the flexor digitorum provides the input to a proportional-integral-derivative controller governing the force generated by the orthosis. Nine subjects performed a sequence of unassisted and assisted lifts of a weighted and instrumented cylinder. When using the orthotic system to lift the cylinder, subjects reliably reduced their mean grip force and mean contraction level (measured as % Maximum Voluntary Contraction, or %MVC) (p<0.01).<BR> The grip force applied to the cylinder dropped for seven of the nine subjects (p<0.01) and the %MVC dropped for eight of the nine subjects (p<0.01). None of the subjects exhibited any instability or reported any difficulties when using the orthosis. On average, the subjects reduced their %MVC and grasp force by 31% and 56% respectively, so using an air-muscle-powered orthosis controlled by an ipsilateral EMG signal appears to be a feasible concept.