Agency 問題와 資本構造理論의 再吟味

孔丁澤,朴千植 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1988 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

1. Although MM's theory and bankruptcy cost theory have tried to prove the relevancy of the capital structure, They have bailed to test the relevancy empirically. And other financial theorists have asserted that a firm's capital structure is determined adjusting to external changes, but their assertions limited; They focused only on the traditional factors which seem to determined a firm's capital structure. 2. Recently, there have been new approach to explain the capital structure in terms of agency problems based on ownership structure. Agency problems emerge when conflicts of interest between agents and principals or among the principals themselves: stockholders and managers, stockholders and creditors. 3. The entity chooses a financing strategy that minimizes the aggregate of agency cost. Agency cost be defined as monitoring cost, bonding cost and residual loss. 4. In conclusion, because of the existence of agency costs, there might be sure a thing as an optimal capital structure which continue both debt and equity.

축우 부루셀라병의 ELISA 진단법에 관한 연구

임윤규,이두식,박전홍,양기천,김승호,김공식,현관종,김우택,이영순 濟州大學校 農科大學 動物科學硏究所 1993 動物科學論叢 Vol.8 No.1

Enzyme-linked Immuno sorbent Assay (ELISA) for the serological diagnosis oi Bruceiia abortus was developed and compared with plate aggluhnation test Cell wall antigen was extracted from Brucella abortus 1119-3 by sonicabon and with a sodium deoxychlate solution Optimum protein concentra tion of coating antigen 0.4㎍/100㎕ protein on each microtiter plate well. Horse radish peroxidase(HRP) labled protein-G was used as a tracer of reacted antibodies ELISA confirmed the agreeable results of 40 rases out of 43 cases by plate aggulutination test ELISA diagnosed positive cases (10 out of 12) and negatiw cases (1 out of 12) with dubious sera by plate agglutination test From this results EL ISA could be used for the early diagnostic tools of Brucellosis in cattle.

Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 pandemic and emerging challenges: An online cross-sectional survey in China

Chun-Li Lu,Ruo-Xiang Zheng,Xue Xue,Xiao-Wen Zhang,Xue-Han Liu,Xin-Yan Jin,Feng-Lan Pu,Hui-Di Lan,Min Fang,Ling-Yao Kong,Merlin Willcox,Bertrand Graz,Joelle Houriet,Xiao-Yang Hu,Jian-ping Liu 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.-

Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines. Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines.

수뇨관 평활근에서의 퓨린 수용체 특성에 관한 연구

공인덕,전상준,박규상,이중우 연세대학교 원주의과대학 1993 원주의대논문집 Vol.6 No.1

Comparative studies on steam gasification of ash-free coals and their original raw coals

Kong, Y.,Kim, J.,Chun, D.,Lee, S.,Rhim, Y.,Lim, J.,Choi, H.,Kim, S.,Yoo, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.39 No.17

Catalytic gasification of raw coals at mild condition is not realized yet mainly due to deactivation of catalysts via their irreversible interaction with mineral matters in coal. As a means to achieve repeated use of catalysts, four different ash-free coals (AFCs) containing less than 0.2 wt% ash are produced in this work. Steam gasification of ash-free coals (AFCs) and their parent raw coals of various ranks ranging from lignite (Eco) to coking coal (Posco) is performed in a fixed bed reactor at 700-900 <SUP>o</SUP>C. Regardless of the rank of the parent raw coals, all the AFCs behave like a highly carbonized coal such that their gasification rate are similarly slow and they exhibit relatively low H<SUB>2</SUB>/CO ratio. The steam gasification and associated CO to CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion of the AFCs are, however, significantly enhanced by K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>, resulting in the higher H<SUB>2</SUB>/CO and CO<SUB>2</SUB>/CO molar ratio.

Control of Dimethyl Sulfide Emissions Using Biofiltration

Kong, Sei-Hun,Kim, Jo-Chun,Allen, Eric R.,Park, Jong-Kil The Korean Environmental Sciences Society 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.8

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of a biofilter for eliminating dimethyl sulfide(DMS). A commercial compost/pine bark nugget mixture served as the biofilter material for the experiments. The gas flow rate and DMS concentration entering the filter were varied to study their effect on the biofilter efficiency. The operating parameters, such as the residence time, inlet concentration, pH, water content, and temperature, were all monitored throughout the filter operation. The kinetic dependence of the DMS removal along the column length was also studied to obtain a quantitative description of the DMS elimination. High DMS removal efficiencies(>95%) were obtained using the compost filter material seeded with activated sludge. DMS pollutant loading rates of up to 5.2 and 5.5 g-DMS/m$^3$/hr were effectively handled by the upflow and downflow biofilter columns, respectively. The macrokinetics of the DMS removal were found to be fractional-order diffusion-limited over the 9 to 25 ppm range of inlet concentrations tested. The upflow column had an average macrokinetic coefficient(K$\_$f/) of 0.0789 $\pm$ 0.0178 ppm$\^$$\sfrac{1}{2}$//sec, while the downflow column had an average coefficient of 0.0935 $\pm$ 0.0200 ppm$\^$$\sfrac{1}{2}$//sec. Shorter residence times resulted in a lower mass transfer of the pollutant from the gas phase to the aqueous liquid phase, thereby decreasing the efficiency.

Non-Specific Disease Mimicking Malignancy: Two Cases of FDG Uptake in the Extremities

Kong, Eun-Jung,Chun, Kyung-Ah,Cho, Ihn-Ho The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2010 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.44 No.1

FDG PET is an imaging technique used to assess regional differences in glucose metabolism. A variety of diseases, including malignancy, can show abnormal FDG uptake in bone marrow. PET/CT demonstrated non-specific uptake in the extremities of two patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). Both patients showed focal and symmetric FDG uptake in the bone marrow of the arms and legs. Although the results of these cases were not diagnostic, the unique uptake pattern of PET/CT should be considered a non-specific reactive change as well as malignancy or other possibilities in the initial differential diagnosis.

Neuroprotective Effects of Methanol Extracts of Jeju Native Plants on Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Kong, Pil-Jae,Kim, Yu-Mi,Lee, Hee-Jae,Kim, Sung-Soo,Yoo, Eun-Sook,Chun, Wan-Joo The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.11 No.5

Neuronal death is a common characteristic hallmark of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, there have been no effective drugs to successfully prevent neuronal death in those diseases, whereas oriental medicinal plants have to possess valuable therapeutic potentials to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, in an attempt to provide neuroprotective agents from natural plants, 80% methanol extracts of a wide range of medicinal plants, which are native to Jeju Island in Korea, were prepared and their protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death were examined. Among those tested, extracts from Smilax china and Saururus chinesis significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death. The extracts attenuated hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)-induced caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, plant extracts restored $H_2O_2$-induced depletion of intracellular glutathione, a major endogenous antioxidant. The data suggest that Jeju native medicinal plants could potentially be used as therapeutic agents for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated.

Understanding nucleic acid sensing and its therapeutic applications

Kong Ling-Zu,Kim Seok-Min,Wang Chunli,Lee Soo Yun,Oh Se-Chan,Lee Sunyoung,Jo Seona,Kim Tae-Don 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Nucleic acid sensing is involved in viral infections, immune response-related diseases, and therapeutics. Based on the composition of nucleic acids, nucleic acid sensors are defined as DNA or RNA sensors. Pathogen-associated nucleic acids are recognized by membrane-bound and intracellular receptors, known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which induce innate immune-mediated antiviral responses. PRR activation is tightly regulated to eliminate infections and prevent abnormal or excessive immune responses. Nucleic acid sensing is an essential mechanism in tumor immunotherapy and gene therapies that target cancer and infectious diseases through genetically engineered immune cells or therapeutic nucleic acids. Nucleic acid sensing supports immune cells in priming desirable immune responses during tumor treatment. Recent studies have shown that nucleic acid sensing affects the efficiency of gene therapy by inhibiting translation. Suppression of innate immunity induced by nucleic acid sensing through small-molecule inhibitors, virus-derived proteins, and chemical modifications offers a potential therapeutic strategy. Herein, we review the mechanisms and regulation of nucleic acid sensing, specifically covering recent advances. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss recent research progress regarding the different effects of nucleic acid sensing on therapeutic efficacy. This study provides insights for the application of nucleic acid sensing in therapy.

Study on Performance of Adaptive Maximum Torque Per Amp Control in Induction Motor Drives at Light Load Operation

Chun-Ki Kwon,Yong-Hae Kong,Dong-Sik Kim 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1

Efficient operation of induction motor at light loads has been getting wide attention recently because the operating of induction motor at light loads occupies big portion of its operating regions in many applications such as environment friendly vehicle. As one of approaches to improve efficiency, Adaptive Maximum Torque Per Amp (Adaptive MTPA) control for induction motor drives has been proposed to achieve a desired torque with the minimum possible stator current. However, the Adaptive MTPA control was validated only at heavy load where, in general, control scheme tends to perform better than at light loads since the error in measurement of sensors is lower and signal to noise is better. Thus, although the performance of a control scheme is good at rated operating point, its performance at light load is somewhat in doubt in practice. This has led to considerable interest in efficiency of Adaptive MTPA control at light loads. This work experimentally demonstrates performance of Adaptive MTPA control at light loads regardless of rotor resistance variation, thus showing its good performance over all operating conditions.