이명박 정부의 대북정책 : 평가와 전망

문정인,이춘복 연세대학교 통일연구원 2009 통일연구 Vol.13 No.2

이명박 정부 들어 지난 1년간 남북관계는 경색, 악화 국면을 넘어 거의 단절 수준까지 이르렀다. 특히 서해안에서의 해상 충돌과 그에 따른 군사적 긴장의 고조는 역대 최악의 남북관계를 예고해 주고 있다. 이러한 상황전개는 북측의 일방적 태도와 이명박 정부의 경직된 대북정책이 빚어낸 결과라 할 수 있다. 특히 비핵·개방·3000』과 ABR(Anything But Roh Moo-hyun)이라는 이명박 정부의 대북정책 기조는 남북관계 개선에 커다란 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 대북관계에서 지나치게 지난 정권과의 차별화를 강조함으로 남북관계는 위기로 치닫고 있으며 과거 화해협력정책이 애써 이룩해 놓은 성과마저 점차 무력화되고 있다. 현재의 고착 상태를 극복하기 위해서는 남북간 신뢰 회복이 선행되어야 하며 이를 위해 역지사지의 대북정책이 모색되어야 할 것이다. 중도실용주의 원칙에 기초하여 이명박 대통령이 직접 「6.15선언」과 「10.4선언」의 존중의사를 밝히는 동시에 제 3차 남북정상회담의 개최를 통해 새로운 돌파구를 마련해야 할 것이다. Since the inauguration of the Lee Myung-bak (MB) government, inter-Korean relations have remained stalled. The Mt. Keumgang tourist project was shut down since July 2008, the Kaesung Industrial Complex is being jeopardized. And official contacts between two Koreas are virtually frozen. New hope formed through the resumption of reunion of separated families in October was again derailed by naval clash in West Sea in November. The stalemate can be attributed partly to North Korea's inertia-driven behavior and partly to the MB government's rigid stance on North Korea. The latter's blind obsession with the "De-nuke, Open 3,000" policy and the attitude of 'Anything But Roh Moo-hyun (ABR)' is likely to further strain inter-Korean relations, while heightening military tension. The most viable way to overcome the current dilemma is to engage with North Korea, to honor policy legacies of past governments such as the June 15 Joint Declaration and the October 4 North-South Summit Declaration, and to expedite the 3rd inter-Korean summit. In so doing, the MB government needs to adopt an inter-subjective approach to the understanding of North Korea because it can enhance inter-Korean trust-building, exchanges and cooperation, and eventually peaceful co-existence.

Partial turbulence simulation and aerodynamic pressures validation for an open-jet testing facility

Fu, Tuan-Chun,Chowdhury, Arindam Gan,Bitsuamlak, Girma,Baheru, Thomas Techno-Press 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.1

This paper describes partial turbulence simulation and validation of the aerodynamic pressures on building models for an open-jet small-scale 12-Fan Wall of Wind (WOW) facility against their counterparts in a boundary-layer wind tunnel. The wind characteristics pertained to the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) mean wind speed profile and turbulent fluctuations simulated in the facility. Both in the wind tunnel and the small-scale 12-Fan WOW these wind characteristics were produced by using spires and roughness elements. It is emphasized in the paper that proper spectral density parameterization is required to simulate turbulent fluctuations correctly. Partial turbulence considering only high frequency part of the turbulent fluctuations spectrum was simulated in the small-scale 12-Fan WOW. For the validation of aerodynamic pressures a series of tests were conducted in both wind tunnel and the small-scale 12-fan WOW facilities on low-rise buildings including two gable roof and two hip roof buildings with two different slopes. Testing was performed to investigate the mean and peak pressure coefficients at various locations on the roofs including near the corners, edges, ridge and hip lines. The pressure coefficients comparisons showed that open-jet testing facility flows with partial simulations of ABL spectrum are capable of inducing pressures on low-rise buildings that reasonably agree with their boundary-layer wind tunnel counterparts.

Preparation of polyaminated Fe3O4@chitosan core-shell magnetic nanoparticles for efficient adsorption of phosphate in aqueous solutions

Chun-Chieh Fu,Hai Nguyen Tran,Xing-Han Chen,Ruey-Shin Juang 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-

In this study, novel polyethylenimine (PEI)-grafted chitosan (CS) core-shell (called as Fe3O4/CS/PEI)magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and applied for adsorbing phosphate in water. The magneticand physicochemical properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles werefirst analyzed by means of asuperconducting quantum interference device, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential analyzer, andnitrogen sorptiometer. The followed experiments indicated that the amount of phosphate adsorbedincreased with increasing equilibrium pH to near 4.0 and then decreased when the pH was furtherincreased. The adsorption isotherms of phosphate on Fe3O4/CS/PEI particles were wellfit by the Langmuirequation, and its maximum adsorption was 48.2 mg g 1 at an equilibrium pH of 3.0 and 25 C. Theprimary mechanism for phosphate adsorption on Fe3O4/CS/PEI particles was electrostatic attraction. Thepreferential adsorption of phosphate in the presence of other excess anions including chloride, nitrate,carbonate, and sulfate was presented. Under the conditions studied, more than 90% of phosphate wasdesorbed from the laden Fe3O4/CS/PEI particles by 0.05 mol L 1 of NaOH solution. The remainedadsorption efficiency obtained in thefive-cycle reusability tests has demonstrated the promisingapplication potential of Fe3O4/CS/PEI particles.

Knowledge, Perceptions and Acceptability of HPV Vaccination among Medical Students in Chongqing, China

Fu, Chun-Jing,Pan, Xiong-Fei,Zhao, Zhi-Mei,Saheb-Kashaf, Michael,Chen, Feng,Wen, Ying,Yang, Chun-Xia,Zhong, Xiao-Ni Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Objectives: To evaluate medical students' knowledge of HPV and HPV related diseases and assess their attitudes towards HPV vaccination. Methods: A total of 605 medical undergraduates from Chongqing Medical University in China were surveyed using a structured and pretested questionnaire on HPV related knowledge. Results: Some 68.9% of the medical students were females, and mean age was 21.6 (${\pm}1.00$) years. Only 10.6% correctly answered more than 11 out of 14 questions on HPV related knowledge, 71.8% being willing to receive/advise on HPV vaccination. Female students (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.53-4.72) and students desiring more HPV education (OR: 4.24; 95% CI: 1.67-10.8) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. HPV vaccination acceptability was observed to show a positive association with HPV related knowledge. Conclusions: Our survey found low levels of HPV related knowledge and HPV vaccination acceptability among participating medical students. HPV education should be systematically incorporated into medical education to increase awareness of HPV vaccination.

A proposed technique for determining aerodynamic pressures on residential homes

Fu, Tuan-Chun,Aly, Aly Mousaad,Chowdhury, Arindam Gan,Bitsuamlak, Girma,Yeo, DongHun,Simiu, Emil Techno-Press 2012 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.15 No.1

Wind loads on low-rise buildings in general and residential homes in particular can differ significantly depending upon the laboratory in which they were measured. The differences are due in large part to inadequate simulations of the low-frequency content of atmospheric velocity fluctuations in the laboratory and to the small scale of the models used for the measurements. The imperfect spatial coherence of the low frequency velocity fluctuations results in reductions of the overall wind effects with respect to the case of perfectly coherent flows. For large buildings those reductions are significant. However, for buildings with sufficiently small dimensions (e.g., residential homes) the reductions are relatively small. A technique is proposed for simulating the effect of low-frequency flow fluctuations on such buildings more effectively from the point of view of testing accuracy and repeatability than is currently the case. Experimental results are presented that validate the proposed technique. The technique eliminates a major cause of discrepancies among measurements conducted in different laboratories. In addition, the technique allows the use of considerably larger model scales than are possible in conventional testing. This makes it possible to model architectural details, and improves Reynolds number similarity. The technique is applicable to wind tunnels and large scale open jet facilities, and can help to standardize flow simulations for testing residential homes as well as significantly improving testing accuracy and repeatability. The work reported in this paper is a first step in developing the proposed technique. Additional tests are planned to further refine the technique and test the range of its applicability.

SCHUR CONVEXITY OF L-CONJUGATE MEANS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Chun-Ru Fu,Huan-Nan Shi,Dong-Sheng Wang Korean Mathematical Society 2023 대한수학회지 Vol.60 No.3

In this paper, using the theory of majorization, we discuss the Schur m power convexity for L-conjugate means of n variables and the Schur convexity for weighted L-conjugate means of n variables. As applications, we get several inequalities of general mean satisfying Schur convexity, and a few comparative inequalities about n variables Gini mean are established.

Treatment outcomes of patients with stage II pure endometrioid-type endometrial cancer: a Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (TGOG-2006) retrospective cohort study

Hung-Chun Fu,Jen-Ruei Chen,Min-Yu Chen,Keng-Fu Hsu,Wen-Fang Cheng,An Jen Chiang,Yu-Min Ke,Yu-Chieh Chen,Yin-Yi Chang,Chia-Yen Huang,Chieh-Yi Kang,Yuan-Yee Kan,Sheng-Mou Hsiao,Ming-Shyen Yen 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.5

Objective: Choice of hysterectomy and adjuvant treatment for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage II endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) is still controversial. Aims of this study were to evaluate survival benefits and adverse effects of different hysterectomies with or without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), and to identify prognostic factors. Methods: The patients at 14 member hospitals of the Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group from 1992 to 2013 were retrospectively investigated. Patients were divided into simple hysterectomy (SH) alone, SH with RT, radical hysterectomy (RH) alone, and RH with RT groups. Endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), adverse effects and prognostic factors for survival. Results: Total of 246 patients were enrolled. The 5-year RFS, OS, DSS and recurrence rates for the entire cohort were 89.5%, 94.3%, 96.2% and 10.2%, respectively. Patients receiving RH had more adverse effects including blood loss (p<0.001), recurrent urinary tract infections (p=0.013), and leg lymphedema (p=0.038). Age over 50-year (HR=9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–70.9) and grade 3 histology (HR=7.28; 95% CI, 1.45–36.6) were independent predictors of OS. Grade 3 histology was an independent predictor of RFS (HR=5.13; 95% CI, 1.38–19.1) and DSS (HR=5.97; 95% CI, 1.06–58.7). Patients receiving adjuvant RT had lower locoregional recurrence (p=0.046), but no impact on survival. Conclusion: Different treatment modalities yield similar survival outcomes. Patients receiving SH with RT had lower locoregional recurrent with acceptable morbidity. Age and tumor grading remained significant predictors for survival among patients with FIGO 2009 stage II EEC.

Nucleophosmin modulates the alleviation of atopic dermatitis caused by the marine-derived compound dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol

Han-Chun Hung,Chien-Wei Feng,Yen-You Lin,Chun-Hong Chen,Kuan-Hao Tsui,Wu-Fu Chen,Chieh-Yu Pa,Jyh-Horng Sheu,Chun-Sung Sung,Zhi-Hong Wen 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and its prevalence is increasing. AD usually elicits skin barrier dysfunction, dry skin and itching. As the mechanisms of AD remain unknown, there is an urgent need to find effective therapies. Because of the diversity and complexity of marine environments, the discovery of drugs from marine organisms as novel therapeutic agents for human diseases has seen renewed interest. Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol (WA-25), the synthetic precursor of austrasulfone, which is a natural product isolated from a Formosan soft coral, has been shown to possess many therapeutic effects in our previous studies. However, the detailed mechanisms and therapeutic effects of WA-25 on AD are incompletely understood. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to examine the effects of WA-25 on AD. We showed that WA-25 blocks inflammation and oxidative stress. Simultaneously, we also found that WA-25 reduces the AD scores and AD-induced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching behavior, and alloknesis. WA-25 is more effective in cases of AD than are the drugs that are currently used clinically. Importantly, we also found that when nucleophosmin (NPM) was inhibited or when its expression was reduced, the anti-inflammatory and anti-AD effects of WA-25 were blocked. These data suggest that NPM plays dual roles in inflammation and AD. Overall, these results suggest that WA-25 is a potential anti-inflammatory and AD therapeutic agent that is modulated by NPM.

Diagnostic Value of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Assay in Malignant Mesothelioma: A Meta-analysis

Wan, Chun,Shen, Yong-Chun,Liu, Meng-Qi,Yang, Ting,Wang, Tao,Chen, Lei,Yi, Qun,Wen, Fu-Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) remains a clinical challenge and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay has been reported to be one promising tool. The present meta-analysis aimed to establish the overall diagnostic accuracy of FISH for diagnosing MM. After a systematic review of English language studies, the sensitivity, specificity and other measures of accuracy of FISH in the diagnosis of MM were pooled using random-effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to summarize overall test performance. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for FISH for diagnosing MM being 0.72 (95% CI 0.67-0.76) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.98-1.00), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 34.5 (95% CI 14.5-82.10), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24 (95% CI 0.16-0.36), and the diagnostic odds ratio was 204.9 (95% CI 76.8-546.6), the area under the curve being 0.99. Our data suggest that the FISH assay is likely to be a useful diagnostic tool for confirming MM. However, considering the limited studies and patients included, further large scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

A proposed technique for determining aerodynamic pressures on residential homes

Tuan-Chun Fu,Arindam Gan Chowdhury,Aly Mousaad Aly,Girma Bitsuamlak,DongHun Yeo,Emil Simiu 한국풍공학회 2012 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.15 No.1

Wind loads on low-rise buildings in general and residential homes in particular can differ significantly depending upon the laboratory in which they were measured. The differences are due in large part to inadequate simulations of the low-frequency content of atmospheric velocity fluctuations in the laboratory and to the small scale of the models used for the measurements. The imperfect spatial coherence of the low frequency velocity fluctuations results in reductions of the overall wind effects with respect to the case of perfectly coherent flows. For large buildings those reductions are significant. However, for buildings with sufficiently small dimensions (e.g., residential homes) the reductions are relatively small. A technique is proposed for simulating the effect of low-frequency flow fluctuations on such buildings more effectively from the point of view of testing accuracy and repeatability than is currently the case. Experimental results are presented that validate the proposed technique. The technique eliminates a major cause of discrepancies among measurements conducted in different laboratories. In addition, the technique allows the use of considerably larger model scales than are possible in conventional testing. This makes it possible to model architectural details, and improves Reynolds number similarity. The technique is applicable to wind tunnels and large scale open jet facilities, and can help to standardize flow simulations for testing residential homes as well as significantly improving testing accuracy and repeatability. The work reported in this paper is a first step in developing the proposed technique. Additional tests are planned to further refine the technique and test the range of its applicability.