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C.-T. Liang,K. S. Cho,Y. F. Chen,J. C. Fan 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements were performed on Al0:25Ga0:75As/In0:20 Ga0:80As/Al0:25Ga0:75As and Al0:25Ga0:75N/GaN two-dimensional electron systems. By studying the fast Fourier transform spectrum of both conventional Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations and microwave-modulated SdH data, we were able to measure both the temperature (T)-independent and the T-dependent parts of the quantum lifetime. Our experimental results indicate that at low T, a T-independent background, such as alloy disorder and interface roughness scattering in nitride-based semiconductors, are more dominant than those in GaAs-like heterostructures.
Probing two-dimensional metallic-like and localization effects at low magnetic fields
Huang, T.Y.,Liang, C.T.,Kim, G.H.,Huang, C.F.,Huang, C.P.,Ritchie, D.A. North-Holland 2010 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.42 No.4
The metallic-like regime characterized by Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations is investigated between localization-induced weak insulator and quantum Hall liquid in a gated two-dimensional GaAs electron system containing InAs dots. Multiple SdH crossing points are observed in the longitudinal resistivity before the appearance of the critical point of a plateau transition with increasing perpendicular magnetic field. In conductivities, however, there is no corresponding crossing in the metallic-like regime because of the T-dependent Hall slope under electron-electron interaction, which provides an explicit way to distinguish SdH crossing points from the critical point in our study.
Chi, L.,Na, M.H.,Jung, H.K.,Vadevoo, S.M.P.,Kim, C.W.,Padmanaban, G.,Park, T.I.,Park, J.Y.,Hwang, I.,Park, K.U.,Liang, F.,Lu, M.,Park, J.,Kim, I.S.,Lee, B.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of controlled release Vol.209 No.-
A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological lesions express tissue-specific molecular targets or biomarkers within the tissue. Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) is overexpressed in many types of cancer cells, including lung cancer. Here we investigated the properties of IL-4R-binding peptide-1 (IL4RPep-1), a CRKRLDRNC peptide, and its ability to target the delivery of liposomes to lung tumor. IL4RPep-1 preferentially bound to H226 lung tumor cells which express higher levers of IL-4R compared to H460 lung tumor cells which express less IL-4R. Mutational analysis revealed that C1, R2, and R4 residues of IL4RPep-1 were the key binding determinants. IL4RPep-1-labeled liposomes containing doxorubicin were more efficiently internalized in H226 cells and effectively delivered doxorubicin into the cells compared to unlabeled liposomes. In vivo fluorescence imaging of nude mice subcutaneously xenotransplanted with H226 tumor cells indicated that IL4RPep-1-labeled liposomes accumulate more efficiently in the tumor and inhibit tumor growth more effectively compared to unlabeled liposomes. Interestingly, expression of IL-4R was high in vascular endothelial cells of tumor, while little was detected in vascular endothelial cells of control organs including the liver. IL-4R expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells was also up-regulated when activated by a pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, the up-regulation of IL-4R expression was observed in primary human lung cancer tissues. These results indicate that IL-4R-targeting nanocarriers may be a useful strategy to enhance drug delivery through the recognition of IL-4R in both tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells.
Observation of the topological surface state in the nonsymmorphic topological insulator KHgSb
Liang, A. J.,Jiang, J.,Wang, M. X.,Sun, Y.,Kumar, N.,Shekhar, C.,Chen, C.,Peng, H.,Wang, C. W.,Xu, X.,Yang, H. F.,Cui, S. T.,Hong, G. H.,Xia, Y.-Y.,Mo, S.-K.,Gao, Q.,Zhou, X. J.,Yang, L. X.,Felser, C. American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. B Vol.96 No.16
<P>Topological insulators represent unusual topological quantum states, typically with gapped bulk band structure but gapless surface Dirac fermions protected by time-reversal symmetry. Recently, a distinct kind of topological insulator resulting from nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry was proposed in the KHgX (X = As, Sb, Bi) compounds. Unlike regular topological crystalline insulators, the nonsymmorphic glide-reflection symmetry in KHgX guarantees the appearance of an exotic surface fermion with hourglass shape dispersion (where two pairs of branches switch their partners) residing on its (010) side surface, contrasting to the usual two-dimensional Dirac fermion form. Here, by using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the electronic structures of KHgSb on both (001) and (010) surfaces and reveal the unique in-gap surface states on the (010) surface with delicate dispersion consistent with the 'hourglass Fermion' recently proposed. Our experiment strongly supports that KHgSb is a nonsymmorphic topological crystalline insulator with hourglass fermions, which serves as an important step to the discovery of unique topological quantum materials and exotic fermions protected by nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry.</P>
First spin-parity constraint of the 306 keV resonance in Cl35 for nova nucleosynthesis
Chipps, K. A.,Pain, S. D.,Kozub, R. L.,Bardayan, D. W.,Cizewski, J. A.,Chae, K. Y.,Liang, J. F.,Matei, C.,Moazen, B. H.,Nesaraja, C. D.,O'Malley, P. D.,Peters, W. A.,Pittman, S. T.,Schmitt, K. T.,Smit American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. C Vol.95 No.4
<P>Of particular interest in astrophysics is the S-34(p,gamma) Cl-35 reaction, which serves as a stepping stone in thermonuclear runaway reaction chains during a nova explosion. Though the isotopes involved are all stable, the reaction rate of this significant step is not well known, due to a lack of experimental spectroscopic information on states within the Gamow window above the proton separation threshold of Cl-35. Measurements of level spins and parities provide input for the calculation of resonance strengths, which ultimately determine the astrophysical reaction rate of the S-34(p,gamma)Cl-35 proton capture reaction. By performing the Cl-37( p,t)Cl-35 reaction in normal kinematics at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, we have conducted a study of the region of astrophysical interest in Cl-35, and have made the first-ever constraint on the spin and parity assignment for a level at 6677 +/- 15 keV (E-r = 306 keV), inside the Gamow window for novae.</P>
Lai, P.W.,Liang, Juan-Boo,Hsia, L.C.,Loh, T.C.,Ho, Y.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.7
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (Zn), environmental temperatures and Zn${\times}$temperature interaction on growth, feathering score and mineral composition of broilers. A total of 256 d-old Avian male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with four corn-soybean meal basal diets (containing 44 mg Zn/kg) supplemented with 0, 40, 60 mg/kg Zn (Diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively; 0.8% Ca for these three diets) and non-Zn supplementation, 1.6% Ca (Diet 4) and two temperature conditions (low: 26, 24, $22^{\circ}C$ vs. high: 30, 28, $26^{\circ}C$). All birds were given feathering coverage scores for back, breast, wing, under-wing and tail. The wing and tail were further evaluated for the occurrence and severity of defect feathers. Feathers were then pooled for mineral composition analysis. The results showed that in high temperature conditions, broilers fed Zn-unsupplemented, 0.8% Ca ration (Diet 1) had significantly (p<0.05) lower ADFI and ADG (wk 1-6) than birds under low temperature conditions. However, when the birds were fed 40 and 60 mg/kg Zn supplementation (Diets 2 and 3), the ADFI and ADG in both temperature conditions were not significantly different. In low temperature conditions, the ADFI, ADG (p<0.05), all feather coverage (p<0.01) and tail defect scores (p<0.001) of birds fed Diet 4 (excess Ca) were significantly poorer than those fed Diet 1. More Ca (p<0.05) was retained in the feathers of broilers fed Diet 4 under high temperature conditions. Broilers fed the Zn-unsupplemented ration (Diet 1) had significantly higher feather phosphorus (p<0.01) and potassium (p<0.05) concentrations than those fed the 60 mg/kg Zn-supplemented ration (Diet 3). A reduction of feather phosphorus (p<0.01) and potassium (p<0.05) and higher manganese (p<0.05) concentrations were observed in Diet 4 broilers as compared to those fed Diet 1. Under high temperature conditions, broilers had lower iron (p<0.05) and higher manganese (p<0.05) concentrations in feathers. Broilers kept in high temperature conditions had a higher Zn requirement and 40 mg/kg Zn supplementation was sufficient for the birds to achieve optimum growth. Supplemental Zn ameliorated the adverse effect of high temperature on growth and occurrence of tail feather defects. Excess Ca disrupted Zn metabolism to exert a detrimental effect on growth performance and normal feathering and this was elucidated in the birds kept in low temperature conditions.
Electron Heating and Current Scaling in a GaAs Two-Dimensional Electron System
Po Zhung Chen,Li-Hung Lin,C.T. Liang,D.A. Ritchie,Jing-Han Chen,Jyunn-Ying Lin,M.Y. Simmons 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.6
We present experimental results on hot-carrier phenomena in a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron system in the integer and fractional quantum Hall regions. In the integer region at low magnetic fields, a relationship $T_e$ $\sim$ $I^{0.52}$ between the effective carrier temperature $T_e$ and the source-drain current $I$ is obtained from Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations at several magnetic fields, 0.2 $\sim$ 0.5 T, and currents, 0.1 $\sim$ 4 $\mu$A. These results are in agreement with results obtained in the current-dependent broadening of resistance peaks in the quantum Hall region of spin-split Landau levels. However, in the fractional region for the filling factor $\nu = 5/3 (B = 7$ T), a power law relationship $T_e$ $\sim$ $I^{0.37}$ is obtained. The difference in exponent may be due to different energy relaxation mechanisms between these two regions.
Electrical Measurements of an AlGaN/GaN High-electron-mobility Transistor Structure Grown on Si
Zhi-Yao Zhang,Shun-Tsung Lo,Li-Hung Lin,Kuang Yao Chen,J. Z. Huang,Zhi-Hao Sun,C.-T. Liang,N. C. Chen,Chin-An Chang,P. H. Chang 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.9
We report on magnetotransport results for an Al<sub>0.15</sub>Ga<sub>0.85</sub>N/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor structure grown on a p-type Si (111) substrate. Our results show that there exists an approximately temperature (<i>T</i>)-independent point, which could be ascribed to a direct transition from a weak insulator to a high Landau level filling factor quantum Hall state, exists in the longitudinal resistivity ρ<sub>xx</sub>. The Hall resistivity decreases with increasing <i>T</i>, compelling experimental evidence for electron-electron interaction effects in a weakly-disordered two-dimensional (2D) system. We find that electron-electron interaction effects can be estimated and eliminated, giving rise to a corrected nominally temperature-independent Hall slope. By fitting the low-field magnetotransport data to conventional 2D weak localization theory, we find that the dephasing rate 1/τ<sub>φ</sub> is proportional to <i>T</i>. Moreover, 1/τ<sub>φ</sub> is finite as <i>T</i> → 0, evidence for zero-temperature dephasing in our system.