Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors

Zhang, Ling-Qiang,Zhang, Xiu-De,Xu, Jia,Wan, Yong,Qu, Kai,Zhang, Jing-Yao,Wang, Zhi-Xin,Wei, Ji-Chao,Meng, Fan-Di,Tai, Ming-Hui,Zhou, Lei,Liu, Chang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Gallbladder carcinoma, the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract system, has always been considered to feature late clinical presentation and diagnosis, limited treatment options and an extremely poor prognosis. In recent years, while the incidence of gallbladder cancer has appeared to be on the increase, the available treatment methods have not greatly improved survival of the affected patients. Thus, exploring new therapeutic targets for this devastating disease is an urgent matter at present. Epidemical studies have demonstrated that the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma exhibits a distinct gender bias, affecting females two to three times more than males, pointing to crucial roles of estrogen. It is well known that estrogen acts on target tissues by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), which are mainly divided into three subtypes, $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$ and $ER{\gamma}$. $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ appear to have overlapping but also unique even opposite biological effects. As important pathogenic mediators, ERs have been considered to relate to several kinds of tumors. In gallbladder carcinoma tissue, ERs have been shown to be positively expressed, and ERs expression levels are associated with differentiation and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of estrogen inducing growth of gallbladder carcinoma remain poorly understood. On the base of the current investigations, we deduce that estrogen participates in promotion of gallbladder carcinoma by influencing the formation of gallstones, stimulating angiogenesis, and promoting abnormal proliferation. Since ERs mediate the carcinogenic actions of estrogen in gallbladder, and therapy targeting ERs may provide new directions for gallbladder carcinoma. Therefore, it should be stressed that ERs are potential therapeutic targets for gallbladder carcinoma.

Electrical Measurements of an AlGaN/GaN High-electron-mobility Transistor Structure Grown on Si

Zhi-Yao Zhang,Shun-Tsung Lo,Li-Hung Lin,Kuang Yao Chen,J. Z. Huang,Zhi-Hao Sun,C.-T. Liang,N. C. Chen,Chin-An Chang,P. H. Chang 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.9

We report on magnetotransport results for an Al_0.15Ga_0.85N/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor structure grown on a p-type Si (111) substrate. Our results show that there exists an approximately temperature (<i>T</i>)-independent point, which could be ascribed to a direct transition from a weak insulator to a high Landau level filling factor quantum Hall state, exists in the longitudinal resistivity ρ_xx. The Hall resistivity decreases with increasing <i>T</i>, compelling experimental evidence for electron-electron interaction effects in a weakly-disordered two-dimensional (2D) system. We find that electron-electron interaction effects can be estimated and eliminated, giving rise to a corrected nominally temperature-independent Hall slope. By fitting the low-field magnetotransport data to conventional 2D weak localization theory, we find that the dephasing rate 1/τ_φ is proportional to <i>T</i>. Moreover, 1/τ_φ is finite as <i>T</i> → 0, evidence for zero-temperature dephasing in our system.

Characteristics Comparison before and after Lyophilization of Transferrin Modified Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA Complexes (Tf-PLPD)

Zhi-Rong Zhong,Zhi-rong Zhang,Ji Liu,Yong Deng,Hong-wei Zhang,Yao Fu,Qing-guo Song,Qin He 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.1

A novel non-viral gene delivery system, Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA complexes (PLPD) which could further adsorb transferrin on the surface as a targeting ligand to form Tf- PLPD, was prepared and characterized before and after lyophilization. The size distribution of Tf-PLPD was in the range of 240 ± 12 nm and the zeta potential was -24.10 ± 2.5 mV. The transfection efficiencies of PLPD and Tf-PLPD were 12.18 ± 3.8 and 24.26 ± 2.6 mU β-galactosidase/ mg protein respectively. The lyophilization and the presence of serum didn’t affect the tansfectivities of PLPD or Tf-PLPD. Compared to LipofectamineTM 2000 (Invitrogen, U.S.A.), the procationic liposomes had less cytotoxicity to cells. In summary the procationic lipoplex described here, combining the condensing effect of protamine and the targeting capability of Tf, was a perspective non-viral vector for gene delivery system.

Analysis on Postoperative Efficacy of Radical Hepatectomy for Patients with Non-HBV/HCV Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhang, Zhi-Ming,Zhang, Yu-Mei,Yao, Feng,Yi, Ping,Huang, Shang,Liu, Jian-Yong,Xiang, Bang-De,Yuan, Wei-Ping,Li, Le-Qun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Objective: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-A were grouped based on whether they were accompanied with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or not so as to explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic conditions of HCC patients with non-HBV/hepatitis C virus (HCV). Materials and Methods: Clinical data of 64 stage BCLC-A HCC patients with non-HBV/HCV infection (observation group) who received radical hepatectomy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January, 2006 to November, 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 409 stage BCLC-A HCC patients with HBV infection (control group) in corresponding period. Results: The postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrent rates of the observation group were 25%, 38.6% and 48.8%, with postoperative mean and median disease-free survival time being 49.1 months and 62.0 months, respectively. Additionally, the postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of observation group were 90.1%, 72.7% and 62.0%, with the mean and median survival times being 54.4 months and 70.0 months, respectively. Conclusions: The 1-year recurrent rate is the highest in HCC patients with non-HBV/HCV, and almost half of the patients have recurrence within 1 year, after which the recurrent rate decreases along with the time.

Characteristics Comparison before and after Lyophilization of Transferrin Modified Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA Complexes (Tf-PLPD)

Zhong, Zhi-Rong,Zhang, Zhi-Rong,Liu, Ji,Deng, Yong,Zhang, Hong-Wei,Fu, Yao,Song, Qing-Guo,He, Qin 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.1

A novel non-viral gene delivery system, Procationic-Liposome-Protamine-DNA complexes (PLPD) which could further adsorb transferrin on the surface as a targeting ligand to form Tf-PLPD, was prepared and characterized before and after lyophilization. The size distribution of Tf-PLPD was in the range of $240{\pm}12nm$ and the zeta potential was $-24.10{\pm}2.5mV$. The transfection efficiencies of PLPD and Tf-PLPD were $12.18{\pm}3.8\;and\;24.26{\pm}2.6mU\;{\beta}-galactosidase/mg$ protein respectively. The lyophilization and the presence of serum didn't affect the tansfectivities of PLPD or Tf-PLPD. Compared to $Lipofectamine^{TM}$ 2000 (Invitrogen, U.S.A.), the procationic liposomes had less cytotoxicity to cells. In summary the procationic lipoplex described here, combining the condensing effect of protamine and the targeting capability of Tf, was a perspective non-viral vector for gene delivery system.

2D Geometric Constraint Optimum Solving Based on Problem Decomposition

Xue-Yao Gao,Chun-Xiang Zhang,Zhi-Mao Lu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.1

Constraint solving is widely applied to many fields including computer aided design, 2 dimension (2D) model design and computer aided manufacturing. Geometric constraint solution is a difficult problem because there are a large number of entities and related parameters in 2D sketches. In this paper, a new method which decomposes geometric constraint relations based on entity-parameter graphs is proposed for reducing the size of constraint solution. A geometric constraint problem is decomposed into many independent sub-problems. Then, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve constraint equations in each sub-problem. Solutions of all sub-problems are integrated to obtain the original problem’s solution. In experiments, the proposed method is applied to HUST-CAID system. Experimental results show that the method can effectively solve 2 dimension geometric constraints.

Ginseng berry polysaccharides on infl ammation-associated colon cancer: inhibiting T-cell differentiation, promoting apoptosis, and enhancing the effects of 5-fl uorouracil

Chong-Zhi Wang,Lifei Hou,Jin-Yi Wan,Haiqiang Yao,Jinbin Yuan,Jinxiang Zeng,Chan Woong Park,Su Hwan Kim,Dae Bang Seo,Kwang-Soon Shin,Chun-Feng Zhang,Lina Chen,Qi-Hui Zhang,Zhi Liu,Clara Sava-Segal,Chun 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In thisproject, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC andrelated immune regulation mechanisms. Methods: Ginseng berry polysaccharide extract (GBPE) and purified ginseng berry polysaccharideportion (GBPP) were used to evaluate their activities on human HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell proliferation. Interleukin-8 secretion analysis was performed on HT-29 cells. Naive CD4 cell isolation and T-helper celldifferentiation were performed and determined using flow cytometry for Th1 and Treg in addition to cellcycle and apoptotic investigation. Results: GBPE and GBPP significantly inhibited interleukin-8 secretion and cancer cell proliferation,inhibited CD4þIFN-gþ cell (Th1) differentiation, and decreased CD4þFoxP3þ cell (Treg) differentiation. Compared to the GBPE, GBPP showed more potent antiinflammatory activities on the malignant cells. This is consistent with the observation that GBPP can also inhibit Th1-cell differentiation better, suggestingthat it has an important role in antiinflammation, whereas Treg cells hinder the body’s immuneresponse against malignancies. Supported by cell cycle and apoptosis data, GBPE and GBPP, at variousdegrees, remarkably enhanced the anticancer activities of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Data from this project suggested that Asian ginseng berry potentially has clinical utility inmanaging enteric inflammation and suppressing CRC through immunomodulation mechanisms.

Ginseng berry polysaccharides on inflammation-associated colon cancer: inhibiting T-cell differentiation, promoting apoptosis, and enhancing the effects of 5-fluorouracil

Wang, Chong-Zhi,Hou, Lifei,Wan, Jin-Yi,Yao, Haiqiang,Yuan, Jinbin,Zeng, Jinxiang,Park, Chan Woong,Kim, Su Hwan,Seo, Dae Bang,Shin, Kwang-Soon,Zhang, Chun-Feng,Chen, Lina,Zhang, Qi-Hui,Liu, Zhi,Sava-Se The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this project, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC and related immune regulation mechanisms. Methods: Ginseng berry polysaccharide extract (GBPE) and purified ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) were used to evaluate their activities on human HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell proliferation. Interleukin-8 secretion analysis was performed on HT-29 cells. Naive CD4 cell isolation and T-helper cell differentiation were performed and determined using flow cytometry for Th1 and Treg in addition to cell cycle and apoptotic investigation. Results: GBPE and GBPP significantly inhibited interleukin-8 secretion and cancer cell proliferation, inhibited CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cell (Th1) differentiation, and decreased CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ cell (Treg) differentiation. Compared to the GBPE, GBPP showed more potent antiinflammatory activities on the malignant cells. This is consistent with the observation that GBPP can also inhibit Th1-cell differentiation better, suggesting that it has an important role in antiinflammation, whereas Treg cells hinder the body's immune response against malignancies. Supported by cell cycle and apoptosis data, GBPE and GBPP, at various degrees, remarkably enhanced the anticancer activities of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Data from this project suggested that Asian ginseng berry potentially has clinical utility in managing enteric inflammation and suppressing CRC through immunomodulation mechanisms.

Disambiguate Chinese Word Sense Based on Linguistics Knowledge

Chun-Xiang Zhang,Long Deng,Xue-Yao Gao,Zhi-Mao Lu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.6

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is important to many application problems in natural language processing fields, such as machine translation, parsing analysis and information retrieval. In this paper, we propose a new method to determine correct sense categories of Chinese words based on linguistics knowledge. The left word string and the right word string around the ambiguous word are respectively analyzed. Their syntactic structures are obtained for determining its intended sense. Syntactic category and part of speech are extracted as disambiguation features. A naive bayesian model is used as the classifier. Experimental results showed that the accuracy rate of classification arrives at 64%. The performance of disambiguation is improved.

Chinese Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Hidden Markov Model

Zhang Chun-Xiang,Sun Yan-Chen,Gao Xue-Yao,Lu Zhi-Mao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.6

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is important for natural language processing. It plays important roles in information retrieval, machine translation, text categorization and topic tracking. In this paper, the transition among senses of words is considered. For an ambiguous word, its semantic codes and its left word’s semantic codes are taken as disambiguation features. At the same time, a new method based on hidden Markov model (HMM) is proposed for Chinese word sense disambiguation. Chinese Tongyici Cilin is used to determine semantic codes of words. HMM is optimized in training corpus. The WSD classifiers based on HMM is tested. Experimental results show that the accuracy of word sense disambiguation is improved.