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Bard Simon,Tran Thomas,Schönl Florian,Rosenfeldt Sabine,Demleitner Martin,Ruckdäschel Holger,Retsch Markus,Altstädt Volker 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.1
A thorough knowledge and understanding of the structure–property relationship between thermal conductivity and C-fiber morphology is important to estimate the behavior of carbon fiber components, especially under thermal loading. In this paper, the thermal conductivities of different carbon fibers with varying tensile modulus were analyzed perpendicular and parallel to the fiber direction. Besides the measurement of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, we also measured the thermal conductivity of single carbon fibers directly. The measurements clearly proved that the thermal conductivity increased with the tensile modulus both in fiber and perpendicular direction. The increase is most pronounced in fiber direction. We ascribed the increase in tensile modules and thermal conductivity to increasing anisotropy resulting from the orientation of graphitic domains and microvoids.
Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Bard, Allen J.,Fan, Fu-Ren F. The Korean Society of Analytical Sciences 1995 분석과학 Vol.8 No.4
The application of scanning electrochemical microscopy to the imaging of surfaces in water and air and to the study of the electrochemistry of single molecules is discussed.
Bate Garba Barde,Adeniyi Olanrewaju Adeleye,Amoo Afeez Oladeji,Yunana Bitrus Duhu 환경독성보건학회 2024 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.39 No.2
Heavy metals pollution and potential ecological risk index were assessed in artisanal gold mining areas of Zamfara state, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from three mines namely Kwali (05°45.49E–11°59.66N), Duke (06°19.56E–12°21.45N) and Maraba (06°22.43E–12°20.26N) while a non–mining area; Kadauri (06°08.71E–12°13.56N) was also chosen as a control. Samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the results obtained showed that; the most abundant metal was Pb (148.59 mg/kg) in Kwali and the least was Ni (1.25 mg/kg) in Kadauri while the metals generally occurred in the order; Pb > Fe > Au > Al > Zn followed by other metals in an unspecified manner. All metal concentrations differed significantly (P<0.05) across sampling stations except Mn and Zn and they were all above the WHO limit which portrays a health risk. A strong positive correlation was found between metal pairs with r ≥ 0.5 (*p<0.05) in about 70% of them indicating commonality of source. Pb, Cd, Al and Au had contamination factors > 1in all sampling locations indicating increment in their concentrations above the pre–anthropogenic activities reference levels. Geoaccumulation index showed concentrations above background values of Pb, Cd, Al and Au while potential ecological risk index was highest (782.79) in Kwali and lowest (142.15) in Kadauri. Two principal components accounted for about 99.64% of the total variation in metals concentration with PC1 (95.21%) and PC2 (4.43%). This study showed the influence of artisanal gold mining on heavy metals concentration and suggested regulation of these practices.
최재훈,Barde Stephane Remy Antoine,김주현 한국통신학회 2014 정보와 통신 Vol.31 No.12
최근, 헬스케어 산업은 정부뿐만 아니라 민간 업체에서 조차 핵심 이슈가 되고 있으며, 사물인터넷(IoT: Internet of Thins)과의 융합이 새롭게 부각되고 있다. IoT가 사용자에게는 헬스케어 접근성을 높이고, 사업자에게는 서비스 비용을 현격하게 감소시킬 수 있을 것이라고 기대하고 있기 때문이다. 이 기대는 헬스 데이터의 효과적인 수집, 분석, 전송 등에 대한 새로운 기술의 개발로 점점 현실화 되고 있다. 본고에서는 헬스케어와 IoT 융합에 대한 기술, 응용/서비스, 시장 및 향후 전망 등에 대해 살펴본다.
Ahn, Hyun S.,Bard, Allen J. American Chemical Society 2017 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.89 No.16
<P>Transition metal phosphides have been investigated heavily as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. One of the most active transition metal phosphides, CoP, has been tested for its stability and operability under mild conditions that it may be exposed to in its applications (photoelectrochemistry and artificial photosynthesis). Surface-interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI-SECM) revealed that CoP HER catalyst is vulnerable to oxidation (by oxygen and chemical oxidants). The degradation mechanism was shown to be surface oxidation by dioxygen, followed by acid etching of the oxidized layer. The compositional integrity (unity ratio of cobalt and phosphorus) was maintained throughout the film decomposition progress.</P>
Jungclaus, Johann H.,Bard, Edouard,Baroni, Mé,lanie,Braconnot, Pascale,Cao, Jian,Chini, Louise P.,Egorova, Tania,Evans, Michael,Gonzá,lez-Rouco, J. Fidel,Goosse, Hugues,Hurtt, George C.,Jo Copernicus GmbH 2017 Geoscientific model development Vol.10 No.11
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The <i>past1000</i> transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. This paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the PMIP4-CMIP6 <i>past1000</i> simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. The <i>past1000</i> simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 Common Era (CE) to 1849<span class='thinspace'></span>CE have to be complemented by <i>historical</i> simulations (1850 to 2014<span class='thinspace'></span>CE) following the CMIP6 protocol. The external forcings for the <i>past1000</i> experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. Protocols for the <i>past1000</i> simulations have been divided into three tiers. A default forcing data set has been defined for the Tier 1 (the CMIP6 <i>past1000</i>) experiment. However, the PMIP community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated Tier 2 simulations. Additional experiments (Tier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. This paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the PMIP and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data).</p> </P>
Kim, Jae Young,Ahn, Hyun S.,Bard, Allen J. American Chemical Society 2018 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.90 No.5
<P>To understand the pathway of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction, quantitative knowledge of reaction intermediates is important. We describe here surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy for this purpose (PEC SI-SECM), where a light pulse to a photoactive semiconductor film at a given potential generates intermediates that are then analyzed by a tip generated titrant at known times after the light pulse. The improvements were demonstrated for photoelectrochemical water oxidation (oxygen evolution) reaction on a hematite surface. The density of photoactive sites, proposed to be Fe<SUP>4+</SUP> species, on a hematite surface was successfully quantified, and the photoelectrochemical water oxidation reaction dynamics were elucidated by time-dependent redox titration experiments. The new configuration of PEC SI-SECM should find expanded usage to understand and investigate more complicated PEC reactions with other materials.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>