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Balamurugan, A.,Lee, Hyung-il American Chemical Society 2015 Macromolecules Vol.48 No.4
<P>Polymeric probes with dithioacetal units in the side chains were designed and synthesized for the selective and efficient colorimetric sensing of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions in aqueous solutions. These polymeric sensors were prepared by a reaction between aldehyde groups of the side chain in the polymer and ethanethiol or 3-mercaptopropionic acid using BF<SUB>3</SUB> as a Lewis acid. In aqueous solution, they exhibited a 30–40 nm red-shift in their absorption maxima upon the addition of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions, accompanied by a change in the color of the solution, from pale yellow to dark red. These results clearly demonstrated that the sensitive signaling behaviors originated from the Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>-promoted deprotection reaction of dithioacetal groups to form aldehyde functionalities. The sensors have excellent selectivity toward Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions over other alkali and transition metal ions. The detection time for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion was finely tuned by a change in the pH of the solution. In particular, it took less than 1 min to complete Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection at low pH. Given with fast and pH-tunable Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection abilities, these polymeric probes are expected to offer unique potential platforms for integrating stimuli-responsive water-soluble polymers with tunable sensing behaviors.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2015/mamobx.2015.48.issue-4/ma502350p/production/images/medium/ma-2014-02350p_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma502350p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Fatigue analysis of chassis tubular torsion beam axle including the sheet metal forming effects
Balamurugan. R,Narayanan. R,Kee-June Moon,Chun Dal Park,Young Suk Kim 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Sheet-metal forming effects can strongly influence the fatigue life of sheet metal structures. The aim of this work is to develop an efficient and accurate method that enables design engineers to improve accuracy of fatigue simulations. It is achieved by result mapping technique which transfers the sheet metal forming results like forming residual stresses, thickness reduction, work hardening distribution to fatigue simulation model. A detailed description of this method is given below along with presentation of the car chassis torsion beam axle that has been used to estimate the potential gains. In this work the residual stresses and thickness reduction imposed by sheet metal forming process are taken into account to predict the fatigue life of the component. As a result it is found the residual stresses drastically reduce the fatigue life of the component compared to the effect on the same. This work uses the advantages of using different mesh configurations in forming and fatigue simulations by result mapping technique. In the automotive industry, it is expected that designers will profit from this coupled methodology that uses result mapping technique.
Balamurugan, N.B.,Sankaranarayanan, K.,John, M.Fathima The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2009 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.9 No.2
The prominent advantages of Dual Material Surrounding Gate (DMSG) MOSFETs are higher speed, higher current drive, lower power consumption, enhanced short channel immunity and increased packing density, thus promising new opportunities for scaling and advanced design. In this Paper, we present Transconductance-to-drain current ratio and electric field distribution model for dual material surrounding gate (DMSGTs) MOSFETs. Transconductance-to-drain current ratio is a better criterion to access the performance of a device than the transconductance. This proposed model offers the basic designing guidance for dual material surrounding gate MOSFETs.
Balamurugan Mani,Saravanan Natarajan,Ha Heonjin,이윤호,Nam Ki Tae 나노기술연구협의회 2018 Nano Convergence Vol.5 No.18
Manganese plays multiple role in many biological redox reactions in which it exists in different oxidation states from Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Among them the high-valent manganese-oxo intermediate plays important role in the activity of certain enzymes and lessons from the natural system provide inspiration for new developments of artificial systems for a sustainable energy supply and various organic conversions. This review describes recent advances and key lessons learned from the nature on high-valent Mn-oxo intermediates. Also we focus on the elemental science developed from the natural system, how the novel strategies are realised in nano particles and molecular sites at heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction conditions respectively. Finally, perspectives on the utilisation of the high-valent manganese-oxo species towards other organic reactions are proposed.
Balamurugan, Jayaraman,Thanh, Tran Duy,Karthikeyan, Gopalsamy,Kim, Nam Hoon,Lee, Joong Hee Elsevier 2017 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.89 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel 3D nanocomposite of nitrogen doped Co-CNTs over graphene sheets (3D N-Co-CNT@NG) have been successfully fabricated via a simple, scalable and one-step thermal decomposition method. This 3D hierarchical nanostructure provides an admirable conductive network for effective charge transfer and avoids the agglomeration of NG matrices, which examine direct as well as non-enzymatic responses to glucose oxidation and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> reduction at a low potential. The novel electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance towards glucose oxidation, with high sensitivity of 9.05μAcm<SUP>−2</SUP> mM<SUP>−1</SUP>, a wide linear range from 0.025 to 10.83mM, and a detection limit of 100nM with a fast response time of less than 3s. Furthermore, non-enzymatic H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> sensors based on the 3D N-Co-CNT@NG electrode exhibited high sensitivity (28.66μAmM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP>), wide linear range (2.0–7449μM), low detection limit of 2.0μM (S/N=3), excellent selectivity, decent reproducibility and long term stability. Such outstanding electrochemical performance can be endorsed to the large electroactive surface area, unique porous architecture, highly conductive networks, and synergistic interaction between N-Co-CNTs and nitrogen doped graphene (NG) in the novel 3D nanocomposite. This facile, cost-effective, sensitive, and selective glucose as well as H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> sensors are also proven to be appropriate for the detection of glucose as well as H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> in human serum.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel hierarchical 3D nitrogen doped Co-CNTs over graphene nanocomposite has been developed. </LI> <LI> The nanocomposite based electrode showed ultra-high sensitivity of 9.05μAcm<SUP>−2</SUP> mM<SUP>−1</SUP>, excellent selectivity and ultra-low limit detection (100nM) for glucose. </LI> <LI> The novel electrode exhibited high sensitivity (28.66μAmM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP>), selectivity and outstanding stability towards H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Biosensor electrode detect glucose as well as H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> in human serum. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Surgical outcomes of endoscopic versus open resection for the management of sinonasal malignancies
Balamurugan Rajendran 대한구강악안면외과학회 2020 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.46 No.6
The purpose of this review is to assess the surgical outcomes of two different treatment modalities, endoscopic and open resection, for the management of sinonasal malignancies by comparing the effectiveness of these two methods. A wide search was carried out considering various electronic databases for English language articles from 2013 to 2018 using keywords such as sinonasal malignancies, endoscopic surgery, open resection for sinonasal malignancies, and endoscopic versus open surgery. One thousand articles were identified from the literature for screening. After a thorough systematic assessment and based on the selection criteria, 10 articles with 4,642 patients were included in this quantitative analysis. With a total of 4,642 patients, 1,730 patients were operated on using endoscopic resection and 2,912 patients were operated on using open resection. The endoscopic approach was found to have a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgical resection (P<0.05). The rate of positive margins and the recurrence rate for open surgical resection were both smaller compared to those for endoscopic resection (P>0.05), and the endoscopic approach had smaller complication rates and a higher survival rate compared to open resection (P>0.05). Though endoscopic resection and open surgical resection have comparable postoperative benefits, preoperative evaluation of cases presenting with sinonasal malignancies is necessary for determining the right treatment method to obtain the best possible results postoperatively.
Balamurugan, J.,Thanh, T.D.,Heo, S.B.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, J.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Carbon Vol.94 No.-
A facile and cost-effective one-pot solvothermal method has been successfully developed to synthesize an N-doped graphene (NG) and copper-nickel oxide (CuNiO) composite. The novel NG/CuNiO composite is proposed to be used as an electrode material for supercapacitors and non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Transmission electron microscopy images indicate the formation of CuNiO nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 5.6nm, with good dispersion on the NG sheets. The composite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of ~892Fg<SUP>-1</SUP> (current density of 1Ag<SUP>-1</SUP>) and high long-cycle stability with a 98.5% retention in specific capacitance after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5Ag<SUP>-1</SUP>. This superior electrochemical performance is attributed to high charge mobility, the flexibility of the N-doped graphene structure, and the synergetic effect between CuNiO nanoparticles and NG sheets. Further, the proposed sensor exhibited rapid response (<10s), high sensitivity (7.49μAmM<SUP>-1</SUP>cm<SUP>-2</SUP>), a wide detection range (0.2μM-0.3mM), good reproducibility, long-term stability, and a low detection limit 50nM (S/N=3). The NG/CuNiO composite electrode can be used for high performance supercapacitor and non-enzymatic glucose sensor applications.
Fabrication of efficient electrocatalytic system with ruthenium cobalt sulfide over a carbon cloth
Balamurugan Muthukutty,유효종 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-
Probing effective, highly active, and inexpensive electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is ofimmense importance for water electrolysis. Transition metal chalcogenides have been developed as anew class of materials for energy storage and conversion owing to their distinctive properties, such ascapacitance, conductivity, and redox behavior. Three-dimensional carbon cloth (CC), is a unique carbonnetwork with extraordinary flexibility, mechanical stability, and high conductivity for application inenergy-conversion systems. In this study, we designed ruthenium cobalt sulfide over a carbon cloth(RuCoS2/CC) via electrodeposition followed by an immersion technique and applied it for the OER. Themolar ratio for Ru (amount of Ru – 10, 20, 30 mg & immersion time – 3, 6, and 9 h), Co (0.05 to0.3 M), and S (0.05 to 0.2 M) precursors were optimized. Owing to the existence of binary active sites,heteroatoms, and synergetic effect between the transition metal chalcogenides and the carbon substrate,Ru (20 mg immersed for 6 h) at CoS2 (Co – 0.2 M & S2 0.05 M) modified CC (shortly denoted as RuCoS2/CC) exhibits a lower overpotential (315 mV), better Tafel slope (74 mV dec1), and excellent durability(retention rate 94.64%) compared with CoS2/CC and previous studies. Therefore, RuCoS2/CC is perceivedto show better OER performance in the electrocatalysis of water.