중국인 초급 학습자를 위한 한국어 교재 개선 방안 - 받침 발음을 중심으로 -

백열추 ( Yue Qiu Bai ) 숙명여자대학교 한국어문화연구소 2017 한국어와 문화 Vol.21 No.-

발음은 외국인 학습자가 한국어를 학습하기 시작할 때 가장 해결하기 어려운 것이다. 특히 중국어와 한국어는 다른 음운 체계를 가지고 있으므로 중국인 학습자들에게 많은 어려움이 있다는 것을 추측할 수 있다. 다시 말하면, 한국어 발음을 학습할 때 모국어와 한국어의 음운상의 차이로 인하여 정확한 한국어 발음을 하는 데 있어서 상당한 장애를 겪는다. 또는 받침은 외국인 학습자들이 한국어 발음을 배울 때 어려워하는 부분이고 특히 중국인 학습자들이 어려워하는 부분이다. 한국어의 음절 말에 [-p,-t,-k,-l,- m,-n,-ng]이 올 수 있는 반면에 중국어에는 음절 말에 올 수 있는 자음은 /-n, -ng/밖에 없고 이 또한 결합제약이 있기 때문이다. 그뿐만 아니라 한국어 종성은 초성과 형태는 같지만, 음가가 달라서 별도의 발음 교육이 필요하다. 본고는 이를 위해 한국어를 배우는 중국인 초급 학습자가 중국어와 한국어의 대조를 통해 한국어 받침 발음을 배울 수 있도록 구체적인 교재 개선 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서 중국인 학습자의 한국어 받침 발음을 조사하여 그 오류를 분석한 후 이를 토대로 기존의 한국어 교재의 분석을 통하여 기존의 교재가 중국인 학습자의 발음 학습에 적합한지 살펴본 후 중국인 학습자를 위한 한국어 교재 받침 부분 구성 방안을 제시하고 실험 검증을 실시한다. 실험을 통해 중국어 대조를 통해 개선된 한국어 교재가 그렇지 않은 것보다 더 효과적이라고 말할 수 있다. There is no doubt that pronunciation is a part of language and all the learners must overcome it when learning foreign language. Especially Chinese learners feel that Korean pronunciation is one of the most difficult parts of learning the language as the phonology of Chinese is different from korean. In detail, Korean final consonant can be[-p,-t,-k,-l,-m,-n,-ng], however, mandarin Chinese final consonant can only be [-n,-ng]. Another reason why final consonant should be educated is that the form of final consonant is the same as initial consonant. However, the pronunciation is different. This paper will present how to learn pronunciation of Korean final consonant by comparing the Chinese with Korean languages. First of all, the paper will research the primary Chinese learners`pronunciation errors about final consonant of korean by a survey, and analyze how primary Chinese learners pronounce final consonant of Korean actually. Furthermore, from the results and the analysis of existing Korean textbooks, the paper ascertains the Korean textbooks are appropriate for primary Chinese learners to learn Korean pronunciation whether or not. Based on the appropriateness, the plan of Korean textbook is presented. The research shows that the method which is presented in this paper is more effective in terms of comprehension and memory in the real educational class.

앱 진정성과 앱 권위성이 앱 매력도와 앱 충성도에 미치는 영향: 국적, 앱 특징, 앱 매력도 간의 조절된 매개효과를 중심으로

백호월 ( Hao-yue Bai ),김정희 ( Jung-hee Kim ) 한국유통경영학회 2023 유통경영학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Purpose: Consumption patterns are shifting with digital virtualization to form new marketing models, and App icon design is the key to differentiation in the digital marketing process for companies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of App authenticity and App authority on App attractiveness and App loyalty. In addition, The moderating effects of App features and nationality differences on app authenticity, App authority, and App loyalty in a relationship mediated by App attractiveness are also explored. The study is dedicated to providing useful information for companies to understand the Korean market and Chinese market customers from the perspective of App digital marketing and to develop strategies to attract more customers. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to achieve the research purpose, Using App icon features as the entry point, App authenticity and App authority as independent variables, and introducing App attractiveness as a mediating variable, this study verified the impact on the dependent variable App loyalty using data from a survey of 334 Korean and Chinese consumers. Results: The empirical results are summarized as follows. Firstly, App Authenticity has a positive (+) impact on App attractiveness. Secondly, App Authority has a positive (+) effect on App Attractiveness and App Loyalty. Third, App attractiveness has a positive (+) effect on App loyalty. Fourthly, all relationships between App attractiveness App authenticity, and App loyalty are partial mediating effect. Fifth, only a partial mediating effect of Graphic-Korea exists between App attractiveness in terms of App authority and App loyalty. Sixth, only the hypothesis of a moderating effect between App authority * App features, and App authenticity * nationality is valid. Implications: When designing applications, companies should express the concept of the brand with maximum accuracy, communicate the values of the company and maintain the inherent symbolic image of the brand. Respect the consumer, respect the cultural differences of different countries and approach them with Authenticity. The results of the study help companies to design App icons more precisely to help improve App attractiveness, and App loyalty and this study provides a theoretical basis for the development of digital marketing for brands.

The determination of epidermal growth factor in Edible bird's nest by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Bai Weijuan,Deng Fenghong,Zhang Xiaojiang,Zhang Xiaojiang,Xiao Yue’e,Wang Nan,Liu Xuncai,Fan Qunyan,Guo Baozhong 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a traditional food which was nourishing and functional. Particularly, there is the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in EBN, which is thought to play an important role in promoting skin repair. However, the type and content of EGF in EBN were not determined yet. In this study, the type of EGF in EBN was identified as bird EGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and this method was validated to be accurate and precise. Moreover, it was found that the content of EGF in raw-unclean EBN, raw-clean EBN and stewed EBN was 3000 pg/g–4000 pg/g and there were no significant differences, which suggested that the batches, origins, forms, stewing temperatures and stewing times of EBN had no effect on the content of EGF in EBN. However, it was due to that enzyme destroyed the primary structure of EGF, the EGF content of neutral protease and trypsin hydrolysates of EBN was lower than that of flavor enzymes, alkaline protease and pepsin hydrolysates of EGF. This study was the first to determine the type and content of EGF in EBN, and provided a theoretical basis for the selection and processing of EBN and using EBN as a source of EGF.

A New Micromechanical Criterion for Ductile Fracture of G20Mn5QT Cast Steels Under Shear Stress

Yue Yin,Mengfei Li,Qinghua Han,Yan Lu,Jinghan Bai 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.5

A new micromechanical criterion was proposed for ductile fracture caused by shear in low stress triaxiality regions. The infl uences of both the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter were reasonably considered. The formula of the critical plastic strain for ductile fracture by shear was deduced based on the idea that the evolution of microvoids in materials under shear stresses is a successive procedure of nucleation, growth, elongation and collapse. Six shear specimens of G20Mn5QT cast steels were tested under monotonic tension. Three confi gurations of these specimens provided diff erent combinations of the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter. The critical void compression ratio for the void collapse was determined based on unit cell analysis and the shape of the dimples on the fracture surfaces of the test specimens. Parameters in the proposed criterion were then calibrated for G20Mn5QT cast steels based on tests and complementary fi nite element analysis of the shear specimens. Finally, diff erent fracture mechanisms of G20Mn5QT cast steels were discussed.

Predictive Role of GSTs on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Bai, Yun-Lu,Zhou, Bing,Jing, Xiao-Yue,Zhang, Bin,Huo, Xiao-Qing,Ma, Chao,He, Jian-Miao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of GST gene polymorphisms with regard to prognosis of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 159 patients were included in our study between January 2005 and January 2007. All the patients were followed up until January 2012. Genotyping was based upon the duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the PCR-CTPP method. Results: Patients with null GSTM1 and GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes had significantly had better response rates to chemotherapy when compared with non-null GSTM1 and GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotypes (OR=1.96 and OR=2.14, respectively). Patients with the GSTM1 null genotype had a longer average survival time and significantly lower risk of death than did those with non-null genotypes (HR=0.66). Similarly, those carrying the GSTP1 Val/Val genotype had 0.54-fold the risk of death of those with GSTP1 Ile/Ile (HR=0.54). Conclusion: A significant association was found between GSTM1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in breast cancer cases.

COMMON SOFTWARE FOR ANALYSIS OF NOISE IN OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

Ji Yue Feng,Bai Lin,Li Guo Rui 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 Conference Vol.1992 No.2

Bridge widening with composite steel-concrete girders: application and analysis of live load distribution

Yang, Yue,Zhang, Xiaoguang,Fan, Jiansheng,Bai, Yu Techno-Press 2015 Advances in concrete construction Vol.3 No.4

A bridge widening technology using steel-concrete composite system was developed and is presented in this paper. The widened superstructure system consists of a newly built composite steel-concrete girder with concrete deck and steel diaphragms attached to the existing concrete girders. This method has been applied in several bridge widening projects in China, and one of those projects is presented in detail. Due to the higher stiffness-to-weight ratio and the rapid erection of composite girders, this widening method reveals benefits in both mechanical performance and construction. As only a few methods for the design of bridges with different types of girders are recommended in current design codes, a more accurate analytical method of estimating live load distribution on girder bridges was developed. In the analytical model, the effects of span length, girder pacing, diaphragms, concrete decks were considered, as well as the torsional and flexural stiffness of both composite box girders and concrete T girders. The study shows that the AASHTO LRFD specification procedures and the analytical models proposed in this paper closely approximate the live load distribution factors determined by finite element analysis. A parametric study was also conducted using the finite element method to evaluate the potential load carrying capacities of the existing concrete girders after widening.

ZnO nanowire array ultraviolet photodetectors with self-powered properties

Zhiming Bai,Xiaoqin Yan,Xiang Chen,Hanshuo Liu,Yanwei Shen,Yue Zhang 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.1

A ZnO nanowire (NW) array ultraviolet photodetector (PD) with Pt Schottky contacts has been fabricated on a glass substrate. Under UV light illumination, this PD showed a high photo-to-dark current ratio of 892 at 30 V bias. Interestingly, it was also found that this PD had a high sensitivity of 475 without external bias. This phenomenon could be explained by the asymmetric Schottky barrier height (SBH) at the two ends causing different separation efficiency of photogenerated electronehole pairs, which resulted in the formation of photocurrent. It is anticipated to have potential applications in self-powered UV detection field.

Performance analytical study of the dual screws actuation mechanism

Yongjun Bai,Feng Gao,Weizhong Guo,Yi Yue 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.10

This paper presents a dual screw actuation mechanism (DSAM) wherein two screws actuate the common sliding platform by connecting two screw nuts with a gear pair. Two dimensionless parameters, namely, the gear ratio between two gears and the pitch ratio between the two screws, are defined to describe the structural characteristics of the DSAM. This study investigates the performance characteristics of a DSAM with respect to gear ratio and pitch ratios. The load distribution between the two screws, which is important in planning the contributions of the two inputs during operation, is discussed. The load capacity is deduced according to the load limits of the two screws with the actuator. The analytical expression for the overall mechanical efficiency of the DSAM is derived from the normal operational power flow mode (two-input-one-output). Based on the Lagrangian formulation, the dynamic coupling term that evaluates the extent to which the inertia torque of one input is affected by the motion variations of the other input is obtained. This performance study provides the fundamental guidelines for the design and operation of a DSAM.

COMMON SOFTWARE FOR ANALYSIS OF NOISE IN OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

Feng, Ji Yue,Lin, Bai,Rui, Li Guo 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for analysis of noise in optical fiber transmission system. A practical common software is designed for noise simulation by computer with this model. Based on reference 2, the software is proved useful and effective in analyzing their relative contributions of various noise sources to system performance. This provides important theoretical basis for system design and application.