자외선의 조사간격이 브로일러 병아리의 볏 피부중 비타민 D₃함량에 미치는 영향

조인호,장윤환,이은택,여영수,배은경,김중달 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the content, of previtamin D₃(PreD₃), lumisterol₃(L₃), vitamin D₃(VD₃) and provitamin D₃(ProD₃) in comb skski of broiler chicks exposed to medium ware ultraviolet(UVB) lights in different interval. The broiler Hubbard line day old chicks(199 = 10 control + 3 irradiation interval × 9 elapsed time × 7 replica) were fed vitamin D deficient diet for 3 weeks in a windowless subdued light room and exposed to 297 ㎚ UVB light by 0.068 mJ/㎝-(10 min) three times in 0, 12 or 24 h interval. The comb skin were taken at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, 144 or 240 h after last irradiation, and epidermis and dermis were separated. The lipid in sample was extracted by 9% ethyl acetate/hexane and purified by Sep-Pak silica catridge. The stright phase HPI-C was applied to analyze the concentration of Prop; and its photoproducts. When chicks were exposed once to UVB light for 30 min without interval, the mole % of ProD₃ in comb epidermis were 100% at control and 52.65% at 0 h after irradiation, thereafter it increased gradually to 88.17% at 240 h. PreD₃ and L₃ presented the maximum mole % at 0 h. VD₃ showed the peak value at 12 h. then decreased slowly. As UVB light was utilized to irradiate the chicks for 10 thin three times in 12 h interval, the ProD₃ mole portion in epidermis at 0 h was 76.4%, the lowest value among tested. PreD₃ and 1-3 preserved the highest level at 24 and 0 h, respectively, thereafter decreased gradully. VD₃ showed a peak at 6 h after exposure. When 24 h interval system was treated, the lowest value of ProD₃ 83.52% was appeared at 0 h. PreD₃ and L3 showed the highest level at 6 and 0 h, respectively. Mole ale of VD₃ had a peak value at 6 h and thin decreased. The mole % of ProD₃ and its photoproduets in comb dermis presented similar trends of time course variation as in those in epidermis. In respecting the method of UVB irradiation the PreD₃, L, and VDT were produced more quickly and largely in no intend system as compared to the time and amount produced in 12 or 24 h interval system.

Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses

Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Song, B.M.,Heo, G.B.,Jung, J.,Jang, I.,Bae, Y.C.,Jung, S.C.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.198 No.-

<P>A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of 1-15 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (Glade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas on Al₂O₃-modified CuO-ZnO-Al₂O₃/ferrierite catalysts: Effects of Al₂O₃ content

Lee, Y.J.,Jung, M.H.,Lee, J.B.,Jeong, K.E.,Roh, H.S.,Suh, Y.W.,Bae, J.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.228 No.-

Single step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas on the bifunctional catalysts of CuO-ZnO-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> deposited on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-modified H-ferrierite was investigated to elucidate effects of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modification of H-ferrierite in terms of CO conversion and DME yield. The enhanced catalytic activity was observed on the bifunctional catalysts at an optimum content of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite around 2.5-5wt%. It is attributed to a higher dispersion of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite with an enhanced interaction of copper particles with Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modified H-ferrierite with a lower aggregation property by adjusting acidic sites and by increasing the dispersion of copper particles. The main role of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on H-ferrierite is found to reduce strong acidic sites by depositing on the sites selectively, which resulted in showing a lower formation of byproducts. Both of copper surface area and amount of acidic sites are well correlated with an intrinsic activity (turn-over frequency; TOF), which revealed a structure-insensitive reaction character of a single-step synthesis of DME. The measurements of the dispersion of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and copper particles with the number of acidic sites concomitantly were employed to verify the effects of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> modification of H-ferrierite though X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed methods and surface morphology characterizations.

An outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Korea, 2008

Kim, H.R.,Park, C.K.,Lee, Y.J.,Woo, G.H.,Lee, K.K.,Oem, J.K.,Kim, S.H.,Jean, Y.H.,Bae, Y.C.,Yoon, S.S.,Roh, I.S.,Jeong, O.M.,Kim, H.Y.,Choi, J.S.,Byun, J.W.,Song, Y.K.,Kwon, J.H.,Joo, Y.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.141 No.3

In spite of intensive surveillance programs for the control of HPAI, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Korea in April 2008 caused serious damage to poultry farms, as did previous outbreaks in 2003/2004 and 2006/2007. Six viruses were selected from the Korean 2008 isolates for genetic analysis, and all eight gene segments from each of the influenza viruses were sequenced. A phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the viruses were of the same virus type and that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was clustered with that of clade 2.3.2 viruses. However, the internal and neuraminidase (NA) genes were closely related to those of the clade 2.3.4 viruses (recent human and bird isolates from Southeast Asia).

Effects of HA and NA glycosylation pattern changes on the transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in guinea pigs

Park, S.,Lee, I.,Kim, J.I.,Bae, J.Y.,Yoo, K.,Kim, J.,Nam, M.,Park, M.,Yun, S.H.,Cho, W.I.,Kim, Y.S.,Ko, Y.Y.,Park, M.S. Academic Press 2016 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.479 No.2

Avian influenza H7N9 virus has posed a concern of potential human-to-human transmission by resulting in seasonal virus-like human infection cases. To address the issue of sustained human infection with the H7N9 virus, here we investigated the effects of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) N-linked glycosylation (NLG) patterns on influenza virus transmission in a guinea pig model. Based on the NLG signatures identified in the HA and NA genetic sequences of H7N9 viruses, we generated NLG mutant viruses using either HA or NA gene of a H7N9 virus, A/Anhui/0½013, by reverse genetics on the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus backbone. For the H7 HA NLG mutant viruses, NLG pattern changes appeared to reduce viral transmissibility in guinea pigs. Intriguingly, however, the NLG changes in the N9 NA protein, such as a removal from residue 42 or 66 or an addition at residue 266, increased transmissibility of the mutant viruses by more than 33%, 50%, and 16%, respectively, compared with a parental N9 virus. Given the effects of HA-NA NLG changes with regard to viral transmission, we then generated the HA-NA NLG mutant viruses harboring the H7 HA of double NLG addition and the N9 NA of various NLG patterns. As seen in the HA NLG mutants above, the double NLG-added H7 HA decreased viral transmissibility. However, when the NA NLG changes occurred by a removal of residue 66 and an addition at 266 were additionally accompanied, the HA-NA NLG mutant virus recovered the transmissibility of its parental virus. These demonstrate the effects of specific HA-NA NLG changes on the H7N9 virus transmission by highlighting the importance of a HA-NA functional balance.

자외선의 상이한 선량이 브로일러 병아리의 중족골 광물질 함량에 미치는 영향

조인호,장윤환,여영수,강훈석,김강수,배은경 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of Ca, P and ash in the metatarsus of broiler chicks exposed to 0.204 mJ/㎠ 30 min) or 0.409 mJ/㎠(60 min) of medium wave ultraviolet(UVB) fight. Eighty two Hubbard dayold broiler chicks(2 doses × 9 elapsed times × 4 replicate + 10 negative controls) were fed vitamin D(VD)deficient diets for 31 days in a windowless subdued light room. The metatarsus were collected at 0, 6, 12, 18, 30, 42, 66, 90, or 138 h after UVB irradiation. The metatarsus bones were separated from adhering tissue, ether extracted, dried and ashed(A.O.A.C., 1984). The Ca content in non-fat dry metatarsus was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and P by urnmonium metavanadate colorimetry. The mean Ca concentration in metatarsus of negative control birds was 21 %, and those of chicks exposed to UVB light for 30 and 60 min were 30 and 38%, respectively with the maximum values at 42 h after irradiation. Thereafter, the Ca contents decreased throughout the l38 h period of this research. The mean P level of control chicks was 8.5%, and the level peaked at 15% (30 min treatment) and 11%(60 min) at 66 h after exposure. The decreasing trend continued later than 66 h. This mean ash content of the control group was 43% with the ash contents of the 0.204 mJ/㎠(30 min) and 0.409 mJ/㎠(60 min) groups decreasing slightly until 42 h, but increasing to 46%(30 min) and 47%(60 min) at l38 h after irradiation. This verified that Ca and P contents increased first and ash amount increased later in metatarsal bones of broiler chicks when they were exposed to 0.204 and 0.409 mJ/㎠ UVB light. Since there was not a big difference between minerals in metatarsal bones of chicks exposed to 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/㎠ UVB light, it was thought that further experiments would be necessary to elucidate the optimum dose of UVB light less than 0.204 mJ/㎠.

여대생 1인가구의 사회적지지, 주거환경, 식습관과 건강 관련 삶의 질의 상관관계 연구

구정연,김근영,김다희,김선미,김수연,김지아,배춘화,임혜윤,최유현,황선영,정덕유,김지연 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2017 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.51

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among female college students living alone and analyze the relationship among HRQOL, eating habits, residential environments and social support among female college students living alone. Method: Using a descriptive correlation study design, 151 female college students living alone were recruited through convenience sampling. Instruments were the social support tool developed by Park(1985), residential environment tool developed by Kim and Nam(2015), eating habit tool developed by Park et al(2005), modified by Choi(2012) and the HRQOL tool developed by EuroQol Group(1990). The data were analyzed by average, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and scheffe test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient using the SPSS 22.0 Version program. Results: Participants’ economic level showed statistically significant differences in social support.(F=4.33, p=.009). There was a statically significant relationship among the types of resident and residential environment evaluation score.(F=4.33, p=.009). Also, there were correlations between HRQOL and social support(Pearson’s r=.165, p=.043), residential environment evaluation score.(r=.284, p<.001). There was a correlation between social support and residential environment evaluation score(r=.202, p=.013). Eating habit showed a correlation between emotional support(r=.164, p=.044) and residential environment evaluation score(r=.200, p=.014). However, perceived health status and eating habit were not significantly associated with HRQOL. Conclusion: As a result of this study, the following conclusions were obtained. There were strong relationships among social support, residential environment and HRQOL in female college students living alone. These findings implied the importance of framing university's guideline and overnment’s policy such as financial support, residential counsel and mental health programs to improve HRQOL for female college students living alone. Since the importance of HRQOL has acquired a great importance, it is critical to collect the data of related factors of HRQOL considering only little research on female college students living alone has been done.

Key Features in the Operation of KSTAR

Jong-Gu Kwak,Oh, Y. K.,Kim, K. P.,Kim, S. W.,Hong, S. H.,Chu, Y.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, Y. O.,Kim, J.,Park, S. L.,Hahn, S. H.,Park, M. K.,Kim, H. K.,Bak, J. G.,Bae, Y. S.,Ko, W. H.,Lee, S. G.,Lee, J. H.,Jung IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.40 No.3

<P>The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device is aimed at advanced tokamak (AT) research. Three years have passed since it achieved its first plasma in 2008. Because it is a superconducting machine and is working toward AT research, it has unique features in terms of the machine engineering and operation. The toroidal field (TF) magnet coils are made of Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn, which provide high TFs up to 3.5 T, and have been fully tested. The poloidal field (PF) magnet coils, consisting of both Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn and NbTi, which have a maximum current of 25 kA in their design, were tested up to 15 kA. A thermal hydraulic analysis is being conducted for PF magnet coil operation. All plasma-facing components (PFCs) are equipped with water cooled graphite tiles and have the capability of being baked up to 350°C. A startup scenario, which considered both the effect of the ferromagnetic material in the cable in conduit conductor jacket of the magnet coils as well as a nonferromagnetic up-down asymmetry in the cryostat structure, was developed and demonstrated its effectiveness by the last two year's reliable operations. Passive stabilizers and in-vessel control coils (IVCCs) are key components to realize AT operation in KSTAR. The segmented IVCC coils were connected to form circular coils for internal vertical control in 2010, and diverted plasmas with high elongation (κ~1.8, δ>;0.6) were achieved. A neutral beam injection (NBI) system was developed aiming at 2 MW, 300 s per ion source which meets the long-pulse requirement of KSTAR. An NBI ion source with a power of 1.7 MW at 100 kV has been commissioned for 10 s. Finally, ELMy H-modes were successfully produced with 1.3-MW NBI power at a plasma current of 0.6 MA in the 2010 campaign. The first H-mode discharge (#4200) in KSTAR was achieved one year earlier than officially planned and was done at B<SUB>T</SUB> = 2 T with I<SUB>p</SUB> = 0.6 MA in a well-balanced double null configuration after boronization on the PFC. Successful operations in the early days of KSTAR including H-mode experiments revealed the capability of advanced and steady-state operation which is essential for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors.</P>

Amplification of Porcine SRY Gene for Sex Determination

Choi, S.G.,Bae, M.S.,Lee, E.S.,Kim, S.O.,Kim, B.K.,Yang, J.H.,Jeon, C.E.,Kim, H.H.,Hwang, Y.J.,Lee, E.S.,Kim, D.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.8

The separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm is of use in many aspects of livestock maintenance. In this study, we sought to determine the difference in DNA content between X- and Y-bearing sperm, separate sperm into X- and Y-enriched pools, and assess the efficacy of sorting. Sperm collected from Duroc and miniature pigs were stained with 20.8 $\mu{M}$ Hoechst 33342 and analyzed using a high-speed cell sorter. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity of stained sperm nuclei revealed that the X-bearing sperm of Duroc and miniature pigs respectively contain 2.75% and 2.88% more DNA than Y-bearing sperm. In total, 50.18% of the sperm were assigned to the X-sorted sample and 49.82% was assigned to the Y-sorted sample for Duroc pigs. For miniature pigs, the Xsorted sample represented 50.19% of the population and the Y-sorted represented 49.81% of the population. Duplex PCR was used to evaluate accuracy of sorting. A fast and reliable method for porcine sexing was developed through amplification of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome gene (SRY). Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the conserved porcine SRY high motility group (HMG) box sequence motif. We found that the primer pair designed in this study was 1.46 times more specific than previously reported primers. Thus, this study shows that the present method can be applied in porcine breeding programs to facilitate manipulation of the sex ratio of offspring and to achieve precise sexing of porcine offspring by amplification of the HMG box of the SRY gene.

Effect of purification conditions on gas storage and separations in a chromium-based metal-organic framework MIL-101

Lee, S.J.,Yoon, J.W.,Seo, Y.K.,Kim, M.B.,Lee, S.K.,Lee, U.H.,Hwang, Y.K.,Bae, Y.S.,Chang, J.S. Elsevier 2014 Microporous and mesoporous materials Vol.193 No.-

The effect of purification condition of a chromium terephthalate MIL-101 on gas storage (H<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>) and C2 hydrocarbon separations was investigated for MIL-101a, MIL-101b, and MIL-101c, which were obtained by three-step sequential purification using hot water/ethanol and aqueous NH<SUB>4</SUB>F solution treatments. MIL-101c was the best in terms of gas storage capacities among the three samples possibly due to the removal of free and coordinated terephthalic acids. Remarkably, MIL-101c exhibits among the highest total hydrogen uptake at 50bar and 77K (9.9 wt%) and shows considerably large deliverable capacity between 1.5 and 50bar (7.6 wt%). Moreover, MIL-101c shows among the highest C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> storage capacity (6.4mmolg<SUP>-1</SUP>) and deliverable capacity (4.3mmolg<SUP>-1</SUP>) at 1bar and 313K. For C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>/C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>/C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>, and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>/C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> separations, MIL-101c exhibits higher adsorption capacities, working capacities and adsorption figure of merit (AFM) values while MIL-101b shows higher selectivities and sorbent selection parameters. These results clearly show that a proper purification of MIL-101 is important for gas storage and gas separations.