The Chinese Practice of Treaty Law

An Jingjing 동국대학교 비교법문화연구소 2019 比較法硏究 Vol.19 No.3

The sovereignty dispute between China and Japan regarding the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands has captured global media attention and is the cause of some tension between the two countries. One of the major claims of both countries is whether the Islands have been ceded to Japan, and if so, have they been reverted to China.Cession and reversion were completed through a series of treaties as follows: the Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), the Wartime Declarations (the 1940s)(the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Declaration),the San Francisco Treaty (1951), the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (1952), the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty (1960) , and the Okinawa Agreement (1971). The sovereignty dispute over the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands has been illustrated sufficiently from the point of view of history, jurisprudence and international law. However, it is not common to analyze it and then demonstrate the rationality of Chinese claims to the sovereignty of Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands from a treaty law perspective. Therefore, this paper explores the dispute by evaluating and analyzing the treaty law, such as the terms of treaties, the interpretation of treaties, the legal force of treaties, treaties and third states, the confliction and invalidity of treaties and so on. From the perspective of treaty law and in pursuit of the spirit of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands have been China's territory since the ancient times and there is no legal basis for Japan to claim the sovereignty of Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands.

Optimization and Comparison of Typical Elastic Actuators in Powered Ankle-foot Prosthesis

Jingjing Liu,Noor Azuan Abu Osman,Mouaz Al Kouzbary,Hamza Al Kouzbary,Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak,Hanie Nadia Shasmin,Nooranida Arifin 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.1

Elastic actuators are broadly applied in the design of the powered ankle-foot prosthesis, so it is a significant task to select and optimize a suitable elastic actuator. Dynamic models of seven kinds of elastic actuators are constructed from a two-degrees-of-freedom vibration system in rotation. With input parameters from sound ankle data during walking, motor data, and the three-dimensional model of the proposed prosthesis, two objectives, which are to minimize the peak mechanical power and mean energy consumption power of the motor, respectively, are optimized by changing the parameters of elastic elements. Unidirectional parallel elastic actuator (UPEA) and UPEA with series spring (SE+UPEA) optimize nearly 75% compared to the direct-driver actuator (DDA) in minimizing the characteristic of peak mechanical power. When it comes to reducing mean energy consumption power, UPEA is also the best, and its performance is at least 15% better than those of the other four kinds of elastic actuators with effective optimization. Besides, features of torque and velocity on the driver end are also compared from elastic actuators to sound ankle. The comparison contributes to understanding the optimization mechanism of different elastic elements, and the optimized and compared performances of elastic actuators can be utilized as the selection basis in the design of the powered ankle-foot prosthesis.

Phosphorylation of Silk Fibroin via Maillard Reaction and Its Behavior of Biomimetic Mineralization

Jingjing Yuan,Qian Zhou,Ping Wang,Chao Deng,Jiugang Yuan,Qiang Wang 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.8

Silk fibroin (SF) has the characteristics of non-toxicity, good biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, andexhibits many potential applications in biomaterial fields. In the present work, chemical phosphorylation of SF was carriedout via the Maillard reaction using D-glucose-6-phosphate (GP), aiming at increasing the number of binding-sites forcalcium ion and promoting the biomimetic mineralization of SF films. Changes in the molecular weight of SF before andafter GP grafting were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and SEC chromatogram. Structures, morphologies, and elementalcompositions for the fibroin-based films before and after mineralization were evaluated by the means of EDS, SEM, FTIR,and XRD. The results indicated that GP was successfully grafted onto SF surfaces, companying with a slight decrease in themolecular weight. Biomimetic mineralization led to a noticeable deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the film of SF-g-GP, and higher contents of calcium and phosphorous were detected on the mineralized material, revealing thatphosphorylation promoted the mineralization processing. Meanwhile, biocompatibility of the obtained SF-g-GP/HAp wasabove the acceptable level according to ISO 10993-5-2009. The present work provides an alternative to prepare the fibroinbasedbone repair materials.

Index based on Constraint Network for Spatio-Temporal Aggregation of Trajectory in Spatial Data Warehouse

JingJing Li,Dong-Wook Lee,Byeong-Seob You,Young-Hwan Oh,Hae-Young Bae 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.9 No.12

Subspace Aided Fault-tolerant Control for Distributed Homogeneous Systems with Symmetric Interconnection Pattern

Jingjing Gao,Xu Yang,Jian Huang,Kaixiang Peng 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.1

Stimulated by the enhancing requirements for system safety as well as process reliability in industrial processes, this paper investigates a subspace aided fault-tolerant control scheme for distributed homogeneous systems with symmetric interconnection pattern. To this end, a decomposition approach is first addressed to show how to convert and decompose the original distributed homogeneous system into a set of independent subsystems. Then, for the independent subsystems, offline subspace predictive controllers and recursive fault-tolerant subspace predictive controllers are designed respectively in a decentralized way. Finally, the controllers designed for the independent subsystems are converted back to the original distributed homogeneous system to achieve its faulttolerant control goal. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by a case study on a multi-area interconnected power system.

A Novel Fingerprint Localization Algorithm Based on Modifed Channel State Information Using Kalman Filter

Jingjing Wang,박준구 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.4

With the increasing demand for location-based services, indoor fngerprinting localization based on received signal strength indicator or channel state information (CSI) has become an increasingly important technique due to its low hardware requirement and high accuracy. Due to robustness against the multipath efect, frequency domain CSI of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems is supposed to provide an excellent positioning measurement for indoor localization. In this paper, we propose a novel fngerprint localization method based on modifed CSI using the Kalman Filter. For the ofine stage, we use modifed CSI to build a fngerprint database. In the online stage, we employ the K-nearest neighbor method for location estimation. The proposed indoor fngerprint localization scheme is implemented and validated with experiments in a representative indoor environment with commercial IEEE 802.11 NICs. Compared with existing methods, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can efectively reduce positioning error.

Resonant Parameter Design of Asymmetrical CLLC-Type DC Transformer with Robust Voltage Gain

Jingjing Huang,Xin Zhang 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

In the renewable energy system, the asymmetrical CLLC-type resonant DC transformer (ACLLC-type DCT) has been widely applied due to its high power-density and low-cost control. Whereas, the main circuit parameters are varying with operation power and temperature in practice, especially at the high-frequency condition. Therefore, the circuit parameters must be properly designed to achieve the robust voltage conversion gain (VCG) when adopting the open-loop scheme. To solve the above problems, this paper presents a special parameters design approach for DCT. In the proposed approach, all unknown parameters are replaced with two equivalent variables with the help of the mathematical model simplifications. Subsequently, a two-stage procedure is introduced to complete the parameters design based on the robust VCG requirement. At last, the proposed method is validated in a DCT based prototype.

High-fat-diet impaired mitochondrial function of cumulus cells but improved the efficiency of parthenogenetic embryonic quality in mice

Jingjing Li,Shuang Wang,Bo Wang,Hao Wei,Xin Liu,Jun Hao,Yanping Duan,Jinlian Hua,Xiaomin Zheng,Xiuliang Feng,Xingrong Yan 한국통합생물학회 2018 Animal cells and systems Vol.22 No.4

Global human health has been compromised by high-fat diets. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a high-fat diet and parthenogenetic embryo quality. Mice fed a high-fat or a normal diet was used as treated or control groups, respectively. Estradiol (E2), total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) were detected by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from the mice in the treated and control groups. The ultrastructure of COCs, the expression level of genes involved in mitochondrial and nuclear functions in cumulus cells and oocytes quality were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and artificial parthenogenesis, respectively. The results showed that the efficiency of parthenogenetic embryonic development in vitro was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group (p < .05). The expression level of genes involved in mitochondrial function was lower in cumulus cells from the treated group than that from the control group (p < .05). The estradiol and cholesterol level in the serum and the expression level of P450 arom were higher in the treated group than the control group (p < .05). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was higher in culumus cells from the treated group than the control group, while the mitochondrial membrane potential was lower in cumulus cells from the treated group (p < .05). Accumulation of lipid droplets was only in cumulus but in oocyte, the results demonstrated that mitochondrial functions were impaired by a high-fat diet, but parthenogenetic embryonic development in vitro was improved, in controllable range of damage for the body.

Secondary Science Teachers` Employment System in China Mainland

( Jingjing Luo ),( Xingkai Luo ) 한국과학교육학회 2008 한국과학교육학회 학술발표 및 세미나집 Vol.2008 No.1

This article presents how in China mainland a school and a school district find their science teachers. Based on studying relevant materials and years of intensive involvement in teacher education and recruitment practices the authors draw three features of the current secondary science teachers` employment system in China mainland: certification control conducted very loosely selection criteria and process vary with schools and school districts due to the remarkable difference existed among them the normal universities/colleges established originally only for secondary science teacher education still playa vital role in shaping effecting quality of teacher candidates although no one of them for a long time have focused on only doing what they were supposed to do. For further development, changes and essential reform are expected duo to the increasing promotion toward the internal quality of education and therefore high quality of teachers and teacher candidates.

Research on Highway Short-term Traffic Simulation Based on Measured Data Fitting

Jingjing Tian,Sengbin Yu,Jiayuan Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.5