지지율(支持率)의 차에 대한 신뢰구간 : 여론조사를 중심으로

최규정,이장재,최애라 조선대학교 통계연구소 2000 統計硏究所論文誌 Vol.2 No.1

일반적으로 응답자가 민감한 속성을 가지고 있지 않으면 직접 "예"라고 응답하고, 민감한 속성을 가지고 있으면 Greenberg et.al (1969)의 무관질문모형의 확률장치를 이용하여 선택된 질문에 응답을 하는 새로운 무관확률화응답모형을 써서 모집단의 비율Ⅱ을 추정하기 위하여 표본의 비율 p^^를 생각하면, 95%신뢰수준에서는 1.96×se(p^^)≤오차의 한계로부터 계산된다. 그러면 문제는 se(p^^)가 될 것이다. 그러나 여론조사의 경우 모집단이 K개의 범주로 나누어지고 각각 비율이 Ⅱ_1,Ⅱ_2,…,Ⅱ_k일 때, 그리고 표본에서의 비율을 P_1,P_2,…,P_k라 하면, 실제의 관심은 가장 큰 두개의 비율(Ⅱ_1,Ⅱ_2라 하자)의 차이에 대하여 연구자가 원하는 만큼의 신뢰수준과 오차의 한계를 갖는 표본의 크기를 원한다. 따라서 정해진 신뢰수준과 오차의 한계를 갖는 표본의 크기를 원한다. 따라서 정해진 신뢰수준과 오차의 한계를 얻기 위한 표본의 크기는 se(P^^_1 - P^^_2)에 대한 이론이다.

Stability of Separated ACE Inhibitory Peptides under Condition of Various pH, Temperature, Gastric Digestion (In Vitro)

Jang. Ae-Ra,Lee. Moo-Ha 한국축산식품학회 2005 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.- No.36

ACE inhibition activity of peptides was measured after 2 months of storage at 4℃ under condition of pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0. and the ACE inhibitory activity were changed only slightly. After 2 months of chilled storage (4℃ ), no dramatic change and significance was found. This indicates that acidic, neutral, weak alkali conditions did not affect ACE inhibitory activity of those peptides. Among peptide 1134, 1152, and 1155, peptides from thermolysin + protease A hydrolysates, inhibition activity of peptide 1134 and 1152 was decreased significantly at 60℃ , however, they showed stable inhibition activity from 70℃ to 100℃ (P<0.001). Also, chromatogram of peptide 1134, 1152, and 1155 was shown that retention time of peptide of 60℃ was not correspond to the retention time of the rest of peptides. This indicated that temperature may change the inhibitory activity and profile of peptides.

Effect of Irradiation on the Quality of Pale, Soft, Exudative [PSE] Pork During Storage at 4˚C

Jang, Ae-Ra,Liu, Xiande,Jo, Cheorun 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.1

방사선 조사가 PSE 돈육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 전문 육류등급사에 의해 외관적으로 확인된 PSE 돈육 등심을 4.5 kGy로 감마선 조사 후 pH, 육색, 지방산화, 미생물 및 관능적 품질을 2주간 냉장저장하면서 측정하였다. pH는 4.5 kGy의 방사선 조사에 의해 영향 받지 않았으나 육색 중 적색도를 나타내는 a*값은 방사선 조사된 등심근에서 저장기간 전체를 통하여 유의적으로 증가하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다(P<0.05). 방사선 조사 4.5 kGy는 비조사구(0 kGy)와 비교하여 2주간 냉장저장기간 중 약 2 log의 총균수 감소효과를 보였다. 관능검사 결과 적색도 증가에 따른 방사선 조사 돈육등심의 선호도가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 식육 방사선 조사기술은 미생물학적 안전성뿐만 아니라 PSE 돈육의 육색을 향상시키는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Nutritional Quality of Dried Pig Placenta

Jang, Ae-Ra,Kim, Il-Joon,Lee, Moo-Ha,Jo, Cheo-Run The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2007 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.12 No.2

Nutrients and hormone levels of dried pig placenta were studied. Placentas were freeze-dried (FD), oven-dried at 60 (OD-60), and 90$^{\circ}C$ (OD-90) and then crushed by a blender into small pieces. FD and OD-60 pig placenta had a higher moisture content than did OD-90, with no difference between FD and OD-60. There were no large differences in compositions of crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash of dried placenta among the treatments and the contents of K, Fe, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were highest in FD (p<0.05). Glutamine and glycine were the most abundant amino acids in all dried placenta and tyrosine was highly retained in FD placenta, compared with OD (p<0.05). Estradiol was the major sex hormone, followed by progesterone and testosterone in all dried placentas. Antibiotics including amoxicillin, sulfamethazine, tylosin, and chlorotetracyclin were not detected from the pig placentas tested. These results demonstrate that placenta is a good biomaterial with high nutritional quality, and that freeze drying is superior to oven drying for processing pig placenta.

체외순환 없는 관상동맥우회술시 고혈압 조절을 위한 Nicardipine 의 혈역학적 반응

김애라,김진모,장영호,김성기,박태규,전재규,신원호 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.2

The Hemodynamic Response of Nicardipine for Hypertension Control during an Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Seong Ki Kim, M.D., Tae Kyu Park, M.D., Won Ho Sim, M.D., Young Ho Jang, M.D. Jin Mo Kim, M.D., Ae ra Kim, M.D., and Jae Kyu Cheun, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea Drugs for acute blood pressure control are often required during a cardiovascular operation. Hypertension frequently occurs in an off-pump coronary artery bypass graft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nicardipine on hemodynamic change. Twenty adult patients were studied. Anesthesia was induced intravenously with thiopental (4 mg/kg),vecuronium (1 mg/kg), and fentanyl (4 ㎲/kg), and maintained with 100% O_2 and isoflurane 1-1.5 Vol%. When systolic blood pressure rose above 150 mmHg, nicardipine 1 mg was administrated intravenously. Immediately after the nicardipine bolus injection, nicardipine was infused continuously 0.5-4 ㎲/kg/min. Thereafter, hemodynamic data was recorded. Systolic blood pressure decreased, but cardiac index significantly increased after an intravenous administration of nicardipine and was maintained during the study. There was no incidence of tachycardia. It was concluded that acute blood pressure control using nicardipine could be suitable and safe in patients with an off-pump CABG. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 171~177)

제왕절개술을 위한 경막외마취시 Epinephrine 의 혼합이 혈중 Lidocaine 농도와 마취에 미치는 영향

김애라,장영호,전재규,정정길 대한마취과학회 1994 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.27 No.5

The effect of epinephrine on epidural biock and blood lidocaine concentration was investigated in women undergoing elective cesarean sections (n=24). Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups; one group received 2% lidocaine 20ml plain (group 1, n=12), the other group received 2% lidocaine mixed with epinephrine 1 in 200,000 (group 2, n=12). Matemal venous blood samples were obtained 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes following the injection. The mean blood concentration of lidocaine in group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 1, 20 minutes following the injection (P$lt;0.05). The addition of epinephrine to the lidocaine solution reduced the peak blood concentration by 24% (from 3.93 to 3.01 ㎍/ml); however, this did not prolong the times at which the peak concentration was reached. The group 1 (plain) needed significantly more supplementary analgesia than group 2. The time from injection to Bromage scale 0 of group 2 (88.2±21.3 minutes) was significantly longer than that of group 1 (528±10.0 minutes). Incidence of matemal hypotension during operation, nausea/vomiting and shivering in the recovery, room did not differ significantly between the two groups. From this we came to the conclusion that epidural epinephrine reduces blood concentration of lidocaine and improves the duration and the quality of epidural anesthesia during cesarean sections.

척주관협착증 환자의 Beck Depression Inventory 점수와 이와 관련된 요인들의 분석

김애라 ( Ae Ra Kim ),서보병 ( Bo Byoung Seo ),김진모 ( Jin Mo Kim ),배정인 ( Jung In Bae ),장영호 ( Young Ho Jang ),이용철 ( Yong Cheol Lee ),강철형 ( Chul Hyung Kang ),정성원 ( Sung Won Jung ),홍지희 ( Ji Hee Hong ) 대한통증학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.20 No.2

Factors related to dysmenorrhea among Vietnamese and Vietnamese marriage immigrant women in South Korea

( In Ae Jang ),( Min Yeoung Kim ),( Sa Ra Lee ),( Kyung Ah Jeong ),( Hye Won Chung ) 대한산부인과학회 2013 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.56 No.4

Objective: To find factors associated with dysmenorrhea, we surveyed the obstetric and gynecologic histories as well as socioeconomic factors of Vietnamese female residents in Can Tho (southern part of Vietnam) and Bavi (northern part of Vietnam) and Vietnamese female marriage immigrants living in South Korea. Methods; From March 2010 to March 2011, 3,017 Vietnamese women aged 17 to 42 years (mean, 25.5 years) were recruited. Socioeconomic factors as well as baseline characteristics, including gynecologic history and menstrual patterns, were collected using questionnaires. The relationships between these factors and dysmenorrhea were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test and logistic regression analysis. Results; Dysmenorrhea was found in 58.8% of all women. The mean age and the age at menarche were younger in the women with dysmenorrhea. A longer duration of menstrual flow and severe menstrual volume increased the risk of dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was lower in women who had experienced pregnancy, term delivery and breastfeeding. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Vietnamese women was also different according to their educational status. When participants were divided according to their religious preferences, atheist women showed a lower prevalence with 55%, and women who were religious had a higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea. The body mass index, menstrual cycle length, monthly income, and duration of residency in Korea were not related with the prevalence of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion; Socioeconomic factors as well as age, menstrual pattern and obstetric history were related with dysmenorrhea in Vietnamese women.

Application of an Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Identifying Geographical Origin of Agricultural Products

Mi-ra Jang,Nam-hoon Kim,Ju-yeon Jo,Ju-hyun Park,Ae-kyung Kim,In-sook Hwang,Yong-seung Shin 한국분석과학회 2022 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

일반부인과학 : 내시경 수술의사의 통증에 관여하는 인자 분석과 이에 대한 인체공학적 솔루션

( Sa Ra Lee ),( In Ae Jang ),( Seong Beom Cho ),( Hye Won Chung ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-

근래 부인과 수술의 대부분이 내시경 수술로 전환되면서 환자측으로는 많은 이점이 있으나, 수술 집도의에겐 근육의 피로도나 통증이 증가하고 있다. 이는 개복술용으로 고안된 수술장에서 내시경 수술이 진행되고, 인체공학적 수술환경 조성에 관한 guideline이 발표된바 있으나 잘 알려지거나 적용되지 않았기 때문으로 생각될 수 있다. 이에 산부인과 내시경 수술 집도의의 통증에 관한 설문지를 통해 통증의 빈도와 이에 영향을 주는 인자를 조사하고 이를 해결할 수 있는 방법을 고안하고자 하였다. 방법: 2011년 5월 한 달간 대한산부인과 내시경학회 회원 중 177명의 내시경 수술 집도의를 대상으로 이메일로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 설문지는 집도하는 내시경 수술의 종류 및 건수, 수술대, 내시경 수술 모니터, 발페달 및 신체 각 부위의 통증에 관한 문항과 인체공학적 가이드라인에 대한 지식에 관한 총 21문항으로 구성하였다. 내시경 수술 집도의를 대상으로 내시경 수술로 인한 통증의 빈도와 양상, 이를 유발하는 요인을 분석하였다. 결과: 산부인과 내시경 수술의사의 통증호소 부위는 어깨가 가장 많았고(중등도 이상의 통증, 61%) 손목과 손가락, 허리, 목의 통증 순이었다. 어깨의 통증과 가장 연관성이 있는 인자는 수술대의 높이와 모니터의 높이였다. 모니터의 위치가 목의 통증을 유발할 수 있는 위치인 경우가 대부분 (83%)였다. 그러므로 기존의 개복술용 장비 특히 수술대 및 모니터를 그대로 이용하면서 비용효과적으로 인체공학적 수술 장을 조성하는 방안을 고안하기 위해 인체공학적 내시경수술용 발판을 개발하였다. 결론: 산부인과 내시경 수술의사의 가장 많은 통증 호소 부위는 어깨였으며 수술대 및 모니터의 높이와 가장 연관성이 높았다. 이를 해결하기 위해 인체공학적 내시경 수술용 발판을 개발하였다.