19세기 애정소설의 새로운 양상 고찰 : <절화기담>과 <포의교집>을 중심으로 on <Jeol-hwa-gi-dam(折花奇談)> and <Po-ui-gyo-gip(布衣交集)>

조혜란 국어국문학회 2003 국어국문학 Vol.- No.135

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the love stories of <Jeol-hwa-gi-dam>(折花奇談)> and <Po-ui-gyo-gip(布衣交集)> to consider the genre of two works. and were created in 19th century and written in Chinese letters. But the authors are unknown. described the love affair between Yi-seng(李生) and Sun-mae(舜梅). Then his behaviors remind us of playboys in the late Chosun dynasty, han-ryang. Sun-mae was a pretty woman but she was married. And she belonged to the lower class. also described the love affair between Yi-seng(李生) and Cho-ok(楚玉). By chance two heros had same family name, Yi. The hero of was a yang-ban and Cho-ok was a person of low birth. Like Sun-mae, Cho-ok was beautiful and married, too. But she had an another virtue. It was that she had an opportunity to be educated. Especially she was very talented in the literature. As you know, it was not until the modern age came that the free love affairs were described in the novel. If so, don't we have any work to treat free love affairs at all among the old novels? Of course love stories were given much weight in the old novels. Then the two works, <Jeol-hwa-gi-dam> and <Po-ui-gyo-gip> and were remarkably different from the other old novels in view of treating love affairs. Analyzing the love stories of two works, a few common elements could be found. The first, two works described the manners of that times in details. The second, the desires of women came to be acknowledged in the old novels. Especially Cho-ok was highly self-conscious woman character. The last, the love stories of two works are closer to the novels written in the modern age rather than the those of the old novels. These two works have been studied in the context of the genre, Jeon-gi-so-seol(傳奇小說) by now. But those elements mentioned above were not common to Jeon-gi-so-seol at all. Therefore, the characteristics of these two works could be clear if we approached another prospect of genres.

The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Ha Young‐Ran,Jeong Se‐Jin,Jang Chang‐Won,Chang Kyu‐Sik,Kim Hyun‐Woo,Cho Shin‐Hyoung,Lee Hee‐Il 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.2

Mosquitoes have adapted to various environmental conditions. Symbionts with mosquitoes impact this adaptation in different environments. In the field, mosquitoes could get exposed to antibiotics during their developmental period, which could reduce or eliminate their symbiotic microbes. However, the side effects of the antibiotics on the ovary and reproductive physiology of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline at environmentally acceptable levels on the reproductive physiology of ovaries in Ae. albopictus. Rifampicin and tetracycline in combination reduced the hatching rate and fertility of Ae. albopictus compared to the untreated control group. These antibiotics induced histopathological damage and reactive oxygen species production in the ovaries. The combination of antibiotics decreased the expression of surface protein of Wolbachia (WSP) in Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Myd88 were triggered by the combinations. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of antibiotics, particularly combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline, on the reproductive capacity of Ae. albopictus females.

안면부 Lymphangioma에 의한 Orbital Dystopia의 치험

고영초,정철현,방난석,하지운 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.4

Vertical orbital dystopia is an abnormally low or high position of one orbit in comparison with the other side which is supposedly normal. The causes of vertical orbital dystopia include Congenital(craniosynostosis, hemifacial microsomia and facial clefting syndrome etc.), Trauma(orbital fracture and irradiation injury etc.), Neoplasms(fibrous dysplasia, antrum carcinoma, intracranial tumors, frontal and ethmoid sinus tumor and angiomatoses etc.) From the stand point of both visual function and asthetic aspects, the correction of vertical orbital dystopia is more difficult for the surgeon than in the case of equally great horizontal displacment. Uncorrected vertical orbital dystopia produce significant facial asymmetry and severe deformity than similar amount of horizontal deformity. The case of a 22 year - old female patient with vertical orbital dystopia associated with large cavernous lymphangioma on right forehead and supraorbital region is presented. The patient had aesthetically good result by correction of vertical orbital dystopia through intracranial approach in spite of impossible complete resection of cavernous lymphangioma.

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

FTA 시장개방에 따른 노동시장 영향 분석

김종길(Jong-Kil Kim),정인교(In-Kyo Cheong),조정란(Jung-Ran Cho) 인하대학교 산업경제연구소 2006 경상논집 Vol.20 No.1

  FTAs bring positive economic effects such as growth in GDP and exports, while structural adjustment can be a source of economic losses in FTAs. Economists have studied impacts of FTAs on macroeconomic variables, without the consideration of structural adjustment costs. This paper is a trial for numerically assessing structural adjustment costs from a FTA with Japan . According to the finding, the economy of Korea can expect economic gains when dynamic effects happen in the long run. However, some sectors such as machinery can undergo substantial costs due to structural adjustment in the FTA with Japan.

Hantaan Virus Reduces the yon Willebrand Factor in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Cho, Mi-Ran,Hwang, Ji-Young,Park, Ho-Sun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2007 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.37 No.4

To understand the molecular mechanism of hemorrhagic tendency represented in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), the effect of Hantaan virus (HTNV) on the von Willebrand factor (vWF) was observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HuVECs). An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed a significant reduction of the vWF in the cytoplasm of HTNV-infected HuVECs. The amount of vWF protein in HTNV-infected HuVECs was reduced to 86, 49, 67, and 42% of those in control HuVECs at $1^{st},\;3^{rd},\;5^{th},\;and\;7^{th}$ days of post infection (d.p.i.), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the vWF mRNA expression in both groups at all time courses by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amounts of secreted vWF in the culture supernatants of the HTNV-infected HuVECs were 79, 87, 83, and 82% of those in control HuVECs at $1^{st},\;3^{rd},\;5^{th},\;and\;7^{th}$ d.p.i., respectively. These results indicated that the reduction of vWF by HTNV was regulated at post-transcriptional level and this might delay the coagulation process on the site of HTNV infection, thus leading to hemorrhage in HFRS.

Analysis of factors influencing voice quality and therapeutic approaches in vocal polyp patients

Cho, Kwang Jae,Nam, Inn Chul,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Park, Jun Ook,Cho, Jung Hae,Joo, Young Hoon,Kim, Min Sik,Sun, Dong Il Springer-Verlag 2011 European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology Vol.268 No.9

The Civilization and Culture Strategy on Accommodation of the Social Darwinism in Modern China

( Cho Keong-ran ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2009 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.12

自嚴復受到(淸日戰爭)戰敗的刺激, 將赫胥黎的《進化與倫理》飜譯成《天演論》, 進化論在中國得到了全面介紹。在《進化與倫理》中, 嚴格區分了宇宙過程與倫理過程。在飜譯赫胥黎的著作時, 嚴復更多的時候是站在斯賓塞的社會進化論立場上對其進行重新解釋。斯賓塞的社會進化論將達爾文的有關自然現象的理論照搬到人類社會里。它的核心槪念是适者生存。嚴復相信, 社會進化論可以刺激知識分子的危机意識。實際上, 《天演論》被當時很多知識分子所接受, 幷且給他們提供了客觀上理解世界的契机。19世紀末20世紀初的改革理論與革命理論大多以社會進化論爲自己的根据。 嚴復以后, 人們從兩方面理解進化論, 那就是文明階段與文化階段。嚴復與梁啓超屬于前一階段, 而后者則包括章炳麟和魯迅。梁啓超與嚴復强調了强化國家的重要性。他們認爲, 爲了對付西方, 近代國家的建設極爲重要。這里司法意義上的個人國民成爲必要的存在, 那就是克復部民狀態的新民。當變法運動失敗以后, 梁啓超認爲以國民自覺爲基礎, 應該對王朝進行改革, 那么就有必要形成進化的主體。當時民智只不過是個還未得到啓蒙的國家體系的單純細胞而已。在現實當中, 進化的主體是國家。結果, 進化論與國家有机體說粘貼在一起。在嚴復和梁啓超的進化論里, 進化的主體從傳統的“天下”轉變爲“社會”, 后來成 爲“國家”。 對于章炳麟與魯迅而言, 進化的主體是民族與人民。就像一個民族不應該被別的民族統治那樣, 他們認爲, 個人也不應該受到國家或其他人的統治。他們雖然使用進化論的語言, 其實是對社會進化論進行根本的批評。如果整體上綜合中國進化論的開展過程, 就會發現進化主體的變化過程如下:天下→國家→民族→人民。 Darwinism was introduced on full scale in China by Yen Fu(严复). Stimulated by the loss of the Sino-Japanese War(1894~95), he translated Huxley’s Evolution and Ethics into TianYanLun(天演论). Huxley’s Evolution and Ethics recognizes Cosmic process and ethical process in strictly different sense. Yen Fu re-interpreted quite a lot of Huxley’s works in the standpoint of Spencer’s social-Darwinism. Spencer’s social-Darwinism applies Darwin’s theory on natural phenomena to the human society. The main idea here is the survival of the fittest. Yen Fu believed that social-Darwinism could stir a sense of crisis between the intellectuals of the time. In reality, TianYanLun(天演论) was accepted by most intellectuals in China, and allowed the opportunity to understand the world objectively. Most of the theories of reformation and revolution that came about at the turn of the century bases themselves on social-Darwinism. After Yen Fu’s introduction, Darwinism was developed in two stages. The first stage was of ‘the introduction of Darwinism and interpretation based on nationalism’. The most important philosophers of this stage were Yen Fu and Liang Qi-chao(梁启超). The second stage was of ‘the development and expention of Darwinism’. Zhang Bing-lin(章炳麟) and Lu Xun(鲁迅) can be considered to represent the philosophers of the stage. Yen Fu and Liang Qi-chao emphasized the importance of strengthening a state. This was because he believed that the construction of a modern state as a center of correspondence against the West was necessary. Thus, the existence of a citizen in the judicial sense was required. That was the ‘XinMin(新民)’ overcame by the state of ‘BuMin(部民)’. After the failure of the ‘BianFa(变法) movement’ Liang Qi-chao thought that the reformation should be based on the awakening of the citizens. He also thought that in order to do so, the main body of evolution had to be created. Yet, the citizens in the situation where ‘MinZhi’ was still not developed was considered to be only simple cells in the system of state. In the realistic view, the state was understood to be the main body of evolution. Here, Darwinism and the theory of the organic state adheres. In Darwinism of Yen Fu and Liang Qi-chao, the main body of evolution transformed from TianXia’ to ‘society’, and furthermore to ‘state’. To Zhang Bing-lin and Lu Xun, the main body of evolution are the nation and the people. As one nation can not be ruled by another, it was understood that an individual should not be ruled by neither the state nor another individual. Although such an understanding is expressed in the language of Darwinism, in reality it can be considered as a fundamental criticism on social-Darwinism. In wrapping up the development of Darwinism in China, the subject of evolution can be said to progress eventually from ‘TianXia’→ state → nation → people. [Article in Chinese]

Ontogenesis of β-adrenergic Receptors in Human Placenta

Cho, Kyung Ran,Ryu, Ki Sung,Han, Ku Taek,Lee, Jong Kun,Rha, Jong Gu,Kim, Soo Pyung,Lee, Hun Young CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1990 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.18 No.1

β-adrenergic receptor may be important in the placenta for mediating a variety of metabolic and hemodynamic effects of catecholamines including placental hormone synthesis and secretion, placental glycogenolysis and placental blood flow. To characterize the β-adrenergic receptor and to study its ontogenesis in human placenta, we have used the [^125I] Iodocyanopindolol, radioligand with high specific activity and high affinity. The results were as follows: 1. The dissociation constant (Kd) and receptor concentration (Bmax) were 161 ±117 pM and 141±134 fmol/mg protein respectively in human placenta from early pregnancy. 2. The dissociation constant (Kd) and receptor concentration (Bmax) were 110±55 pM 330±101 fmol/mg protein respectively in human placenta from normal term pregnacy. In conclusion, the human placenta is relatively rich in β-adrenergic receptors and there was significant increase in the receptor concentrations in the human placenta from normal term pregnancy compared with those from early pregnancy.

Time-dependent Changes of Cadmium and Metallothionein after Short-term Exposure to Cadmium in Rats

Cho, Mi-Ran,Kang, Hwan-Goo,Jeong, Sang-Hee,Cho, Myung-Haing Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.2

The time-dependent changes in cadmium (Cd) concentration were studied in Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats during and after Cd exposure via drinking water (10 and 50 ppm) for 30 days. The cadmium concentration in muscle, liver, kidney, blood plasma, and urine, and the metallothionein concentration in blood plasma were determined every 10 days during exposure and every 7 days after exposure for 3 weeks. The muscle Cd concentration did not change during, and neither after, exposure. The liver Cd concentration increased from 1.4 to 3.3 (at 10 ppm) and from 6.1 to 10.1 folds (at 50 ppm) during exposure and remained higher than those of controls in both groups even during post-exposure period. The kidney Cd concentrations were 2.3 to 5.1 (at 10 ppm) and 4.9-14.0 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls during exposure and also remained elevated during the post-exposure period. Plasma Cd concentrations were not significantly different from those of controls in both groups. Urine Cd concentrations were more than 2 folds (at 10 ppm) and 6.5 to 12.6 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls but rapidly decreased over the 7 days of withdrawal. Blood plasma metallothionein concentrations were more than 2.4 folds (at 10 ppm) and 3.1 to 7.4 folds (at 50 ppm), and they remained elevated till 7 days (10 ppm) and 14 days (at 50 ppm) after exposure. Our data support that Cd in urine could be a useful biomarker during Cd exposure period and metallothionein in blood plasma could be as a supportive biological marker for during and post Cd exposure.