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Ceruloplasmin is an endogenous protectant against kainate neurotoxicity
Shin, E.J.,Jeong, J.H.,Chung, C.K.,Kim, D.J.,Wie, M.B.,Park, E.S.,Chung, Y.H.,Nam, Y.,Tran, T.V.,Lee, S.Y.,Kim, H.J.,Ong, W.Y.,Kim, H.C. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.84 No.-
To determine the role of ceruloplasmin (Cp) in epileptic seizures, we used a kainate (KA) seizure animal model and examined hippocampal samples from epileptic patients. Treatment with KA resulted in a time-dependent decrease in Cp protein expression in the hippocampus of rats. Cp-positive cells were colocalized with neurons or reactive astrocytes in KA-treated rats and epileptic patient samples. KA-induced seizures, initial oxidative stress (i.e., hydroxyl radical formation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and synaptosomal reactive oxygen species), altered iron status (increasing Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> accumulation and L-ferritin-positive reactive microglial cells and decreasing H-ferritin-positive neurons), and impaired glutathione homeostasis and neurodegeneration (i.e., Fluoro-Nissl and Fluoro-Jade B staining analyses) were more pronounced in Cp antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)- than in Cp sense oligonucleotide-treated rats. Consistently, Cp ASO facilitated KA-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> accumulation, and glutathione loss in neuron-rich and mixed cultures. However, Cp ASO did not alter KA-induced LDH release or Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> accumulation in the astroglial culture, but did facilitate impairment in glutathione homeostasis in the same culture. Importantly, treatment with human Cp protein resulted in a significant attenuation against these neurotoxicities induced by Cp ASO. Our results suggest that Cp-mediated neuroprotection occurs via the inhibition of seizure-associated oxidative damage (including impairment in glutathione homeostasis), Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> accumulation, and alterations in ferritin immunoreactivity. Moreover, interactive modulation between neurons and glia was found to be important for Cp upregulation in the attenuation of epileptic damage in both animals and humans.
A Comparative Study of Maintenance Scheduling Methods for Small Utilities
Ong, H.L.,Goh, T.N.,Eu, P.S. The Korean Reliability Society 2003 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.4 No.1
This paper presents a comparative study of a few commonly used maintenance scheduling methods for small utilities that consists solely of thermal generating plants. Two deterministic methods and a stochastic method are examined. The deterministic methods employ the leveling of reserve capacity criterion, of which one uses a heuristic rule to level the deterministic equivalent load obtained by using the product of the unit capacity and its corresponding forced outage rate. The stochastic method simulates the leveling of risk criterion by using the peak load carry capacity of available units. The results indicate that for the size and type of the maintenance scheduling problem described In this study, the stochastic method does not produce a schedule which is significantly better than the deterministic methods.
Physical, Chemical and Biomethanation Characteristics of Stratified Cattle-Manure Slurry
Ong, H.K.,Pullammanappallil, P.C.,Greenfield, P.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.11
In the quiescent state, cattle-manure slurry stratifies into three discernible layers, namely a floating scum layer, a bottom sludge layer and a watery middle layer. The proportions of top (scum), middle and bottom (sludge) layers were approximately 20, 60 and 20% respectively of the volume of the whole slurry. Particulate matter from the different stratified layers was characterised for particle size distribution and cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Total solids concentrations of top, middle and bottom layers were 12.7, 2.8 and 7.4% respectively. Larger particles were found in the top layer compared with the bottom. The top layer contained the highest amounts of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but the lowest amount of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN). The bottom layer contained the highest amounts of Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and TKN. With increase in particle size, there were increases in NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose, accompanied by decreases in ADL and TKN. Biochemical methane potential of the three layers was also measured. The top layer was found to produce the most methane with the middle layer producing the least. Biomethanation rate from the top layer was also the highest. Differences in biomethanation rates and biochemical methane potential were attributed to differences in chemical composition of the particulate matter. About 48%, 23% and 30% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the top, middle and bottom layers respectively of the slurry was found to be degradable.
A Hardware-Effective and Highly-Scalable Morphological Filter Chip
Ong,Soo Hwan,Sunwoo,Myung H. 대한전자공학회 1997 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.5 No.1
This paper. presents a hardware-effective and highly-scalable morphological filter chip and comparisions with other architectures. The proposed architecture can significantly reduce the hardware cost by using a feedback loop path and a decoder/encoder pair comparator. In addition, the proposed architecture requires fewer number of operations and can be easily extended for larger size morphological operations. We fabricated the actual chip using the 0.8 ㎛ Samsung^(TM) SOG cell library (KG60K) and the total number of gates is only 2,667. The proposed morphological filter chip has been actually fabricated and is running at 30 MHz that meets real-time image processing requirements of the ITU-R BT.601 standard.
Assessment of the macroalgal diversity of Kuwait by using the Germling Emergence Method
Amal H. Hajiya Hasan,Dhia A. Al-Bader,Steve Woodward,Csongor Z. Antony,Jared Kok Ong,Akira F. Peters,Frithjof C. Kupper The Korean Society of Phycology 2023 ALGAE Vol.38 No.2
Cryptic stages of diverse macroalgae present in natural substrata, "the bank of microscopic forms", were isolated into clonal cultures and identified based on both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. Approximately 120 clonal isolates from 308 natural substratum samples were collected from the entire coastline of Kuwait. Amongst these isolates, 77 (64%) were identified through DNA barcoding using the nuclear ribosomal small subunit, RuBisCO spacer (ITS2, tufa, rbcL, psaA, and psbA) and sequencing. Twenty-six isolates (34%) were identified in the division Chlorophyta, 18 (23%) as Phaeophyceae, and 33 (43%) as Rhodophyta. For all DNA sequences in this study, species-level cut off applied was ≥98% homology which depend entirely on the markers used. Three putative new records of Chlorophyta new for the Arabian Gulf were made: Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kützing, Ulva torta (Mertens) Trevisan and Ulvella leptochaete (Huber) R. Nielsen, C. J. O'Kelly & B. Wysor in Nielsen, while Cladophora gracilis Kützing and Ulva ohnoi M. Hiraoka & S. Shimada are new records for Kuwait. For Phaeophyceae, Ectocarpus subulatus Kützing and Elachista stellaris Areschoug were new records for the Gulf and Kuwait. In the Rhodophyta, Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli in Nägeli & Cramer, Ceramium affine Setchell & N. L. Gardner, Gelidium pusillum var. pakistanicum Afaq-Husain & Shameel and Dasya caraibica Børgesen are new records for the Gulf and Kuwait, while the red alga Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K. Drew is a new record for Kuwait. Several isolates identified corresponded to genera not previously reported in Kuwait and / or the Arabian Gulf, such as Porphyrostromium Trevisan, a new genus from the Bangiales, and two unidentified species for the Planophilaceae Škaloud & Leliaert. The isolates cultivated from substrata enhance understanding of the marine macroalgal diversity in the region and confirmed that the Germling Emergence Method is suitable for determining the actual diversity of a given study area through isolation from cryptic life-history phases.
A wellbore stability model for formations with anisotropic rock strengths
Lee, H.,Ong, S.H.,Azeemuddin, M.,Goodman, H. Elsevier 2012 Journal of petroleum science & engineering Vol.96 No.-
Shale formations, due to the presence of laminations and weak planes, exhibit directional strength characteristics. In most conventional wellbore stability analyses, rock formations are typically assumed to have isotropic strength. This may cause erroneous results in anisotropic formations such as shales which show strength variations with changing loading directions with respect to the plane of weakness. Therefore a more complex wellbore stability model is required. We have developed such a model in which the anisotropic rock strength characteristic is incorporated. Applying this model to two case studies shows that shear failures occur either along or across the bedding planes depending on the relative orientation between the wellbore trajectories and the bedding planes. Additionally, the extent of failure region around the wellbore and the safe mud weights are significantly affected by the wellbore orientation with respect to the directions of bedding plane and in-situ stress field.