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백남준의 ‘포스트-미디어 조건’과 DJ로서의 예술가 - 헤르민 프리드의 《백남준》 비평에 대한 반론 -
김미진 ( Kim¸ Mijin ),김한들 ( Kim¸ Handeul ) 한국영상미디어협회 예술과미디어학회 2021 예술과 미디어 Vol.20 No.2
백남준은 ‘비디오 아트의 아버지’로 불리며 미디어 아트 전개에 핵심적 역할을 한 인물로 알려졌지만, 초기부터 다양한 비판에 부딪혀왔다. 그중에는 그의 작업을 조각적 문맥으로 보는 일면성을 근거로 비디오 아티스트로 볼 수 없다는 주장도 있다. 본 연구는 1982년 휘트니미술관(Whitney Museum of American Art, 뉴욕)에서 열린 백남준 최초의 회고전 《백남준(NAM JUNE PAIK)》의 헤르민 프리드 비평 「백남준 회고전(Nam June Paik Retrospective)」을 이 주장의 구체적인 예로 삼았다. 프리드가 백남준을 조각적 측면에서 “텔레비전 아티스트(television artist)”라고 부르며 이미지 콜라주를 이미지 "재활용(recycle)”이라고 지적한 것으로부터 반론을 진전시켰다. 그의 비판을 현재 시점에서 다시 점검하고자 로잘린드 크라우스, 피터 바이벨, 니콜라 부리오의 포스트-미디어 비평을 통해 살펴보았다. 로잘린드 크라우스와 피터 바이벨의 매체를 바라보는 시각 변화를 담은 ‘"포스트-미디어 조건"(Post-Media Conditions)’에 의해 백남준은 “텔레비전 아티스트”에서 탈출했다. 그리고 니콜라 부리오의 이미지 “"재활용"”으로 동시대 미술에서 DJ로서의 예술가 역할의 선구자가 됐다. 이러한 시도에 의해 프리드가 다수의 문제가 존재하는 작품으로 언급한 < 글로벌 그루브(Global Groove) >(1973)를 재생하는 < TV 정원(TV Garden) >(1974)을 백남준의 중요성을 강조하는 작품으로 변모시켰다. 이 과정에서 우리는 현시대에 그를 바라볼 때 ‘매체특정성(Medium Specificity)’과 ‘원본성(Originality)’보다는 새로운 해석을 위한 열린 개념과 태도가 필요한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구는 나아가 백남준의 작품세계가 인간과 비인간이 공존하는 지금 펼쳐지는 융·복합적 세상을 실천하기 위한 초석일 뿐만 아니라 미래의 사유를 펼쳐낸다는 것을 확인하게 한다. Nam June Paik, recognized as a father of video art, left his footprint in the development of media art. However, he has been criticized for being named a video artist because his artworks have some sculptural aspects. This study finds the beginning of this criticism from “Nam June Paik Retrospective,” written by Hermine Freed, in response to Nam Jue Paik’s first retrospective at the Whitney Museum in 1982. Furthermore, it develops its discussion through the post-media theories of Rosalind Krauss, Peter Weibel, and Nicholas Bourriaud by focusing on Freed’s comments of “television artist” and image “recycling.” Rosalind Krauss and Peter Weibel’s post-media perspective to see a medium extricates Paik from “television artist.” Moreover, Nicholas Bourriaud’s awareness of an artist’s new role as a Dj in contemporary art emphasizes Paik’s pioneering importance. This study proposes Paik’s artworks, especially TV Garden(1974~1978), as a place where the open concepts and attitudes are prevailed by the above post-media theories despite Freed’s criticism. Nam June Paik’s artworks present a new vision and role of artists and people of contemporary life amid the pandemic. Open concepts and attitudes are now over media specificity and originality for aiming coexistence of human, machine, and nature.
Kim, Jonggi,Yun, Myoung Hee,Kim, Gi-Hwan,Lee, Jungho,Lee, Sang Myeon,Ko, Seo-Jin,Kim, Yiho,Dutta, Gitish K.,Moon, Mijin,Park, Song Yi,Kim, Dong Suk,Kim, Jin Young,Yang, Changduk American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.10
<P>The introduction of fluorine (F) atoms onto conjugated polymer backbone has verified to be an effective way to enhance the overall performance of polymer-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, but the underlying working principles are not yet fully uncovered. As our attempt to further understand the impact of F, herein we have reported two novel fluorinated analogues of PCDTBT, namely, <B>PCDTFBT</B> (1F) and <B>PCDT2FBT</B> (2F), through inclusion of either one or two F atoms into the benzothiadiazole (BT) unit of the polymer backbone and the characterization of their physical properties, especially their performance in solar cells. Together with a profound effect of fluorination on the optical property, nature of charge transport, and molecular organization, F atoms are effective in lowering both the HOMO and LUMO levels of the polymers without a large change in the energy bandgaps. <B>PCDTFBT</B>-based BHJ solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.96 % with high open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB>) of 0.95 V, mainly due to the deep HOMO level (−5.54 eV). To the best of our knowledge, the resulting <I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB> is comparable to the record <I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB> values in single junction devices. Furthermore, to our delight, the best <B>PCDTFBT</B>-based device, prepared using 2 % v/v diphenyl ether (DPE) additive, reaches the PCE of 4.29 %. On the other hand, doubly-fluorinated polymer <B>PCDT2FBT</B> shows the only moderate PCE of 2.07 % with a decrease in <I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB> (0.88 V), in spite of the further lowering of the HOMO level (−5.67 eV) with raising the number of F atoms. Thus, our results highlight that an improvement in efficiency by tuning the energy levels of the polymers by means of molecular design can be expected only if their truly optimized morphologies with fullerene in BHJ systems are materialized.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-10/am500891z/production/images/medium/am-2014-00891z_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am500891z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Growth Kinetics of Macronodular Lung Metastases and Survival in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Kim, Mijin,Kim, Won Gu,Park, Suyeon,Kwon, Hyemi,Jeon, Min Ji,Lee, Sang Min,Lee, Jeong Hyun,Kim, Tae Yong,Shong, Young Kee,Kim, Won Bae Mary Ann Liebert 2017 Thyroid Vol.27 No.7
<P>Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate objectively that tumor growth kinetics within the first year are an independent predictor of CSS in patients with macronodular lung metastases. Performing chest computed tomography at least twice a year in the early phase of the disease in patients with macronodular lung metastases may be helpful for identifying high-risk patients who are eligible for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.</P>
Kim, Chun-Hyung,Han, Baek-Soo,Moon, Jisook,Kim, Deog-Joong,Shin, Joon,Rajan, Sreekanth,Nguyen, Quoc Toan,Sohn, Mijin,Kim, Won-Gon,Han, Minjoon,Jeong, Inhye,Kim, Kyoung-Shim,Lee, Eun-Hye,Tu, Yupeng,Naf National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.28
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder with no available treatments that can stop or slow down the disease progress. Although the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 is a promising target for PD, it is thought to be a ligand-independent transcription factor and, so far, no small molecule has been identified that can bind to its ligand binding domain. Here, we established high throughput cell-based assays and successfully identified three Nurr1 agonists among FDA-approved drugs, all sharing an identical chemical scaffold. Remarkably, these compounds not only directly bind to Nurr1 but also ameliorate behavioral defects in a rodent model of PD. Thus, our study shows that Nurr1 could serve as a valid drug target for neuroprotective therapeutics of PD.</P><P>Parkinson’s disease (PD), primarily caused by selective degeneration of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons, is the most prevalent movement disorder, affecting 1–2% of the global population over the age of 65. Currently available pharmacological treatments are largely symptomatic and lose their efficacy over time with accompanying severe side effects such as dyskinesia. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need to develop mechanism-based and/or disease-modifying treatments. Based on the unique dual role of the nuclear orphan receptor Nurr1 for development and maintenance of mDA neurons and their protection from inflammation-induced death, we hypothesize that Nurr1 can be a molecular target for neuroprotective therapeutic development for PD. Here we show successful identification of Nurr1 agonists sharing an identical chemical scaffold, 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline, suggesting a critical structure–activity relationship. In particular, we found that two antimalarial drugs, amodiaquine and chloroquine stimulate the transcriptional function of Nurr1 through physical interaction with its ligand binding domain (LBD). Remarkably, these compounds were able to enhance the contrasting dual functions of Nurr1 by further increasing transcriptional activation of mDA-specific genes and further enhancing transrepression of neurotoxic proinflammatory gene expression in microglia. Importantly, these compounds significantly improved behavioral deficits in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model of PD without any detectable signs of dyskinesia-like behavior. These findings offer proof of principle that small molecules targeting the Nurr1 LBD can be used as a mechanism-based and neuroprotective strategy for PD.</P>
북한 연극의 인물 전형 형상화 -연극 <오늘을 추억하리>(2011)를 중심으로
김미진 ( Mijin Kim ) 단국대학교 한국문화기술연구소 2015 한국문화기술 Vol.19 No.-
In North Korea`s theatrical world, entering the second half of 2000s past the early and middle 200s, when evaluation was made over light comedy works produced in 4.25 Cinema Studio of Art Film for North Korean People`s Army, works prior to those periods were performed again and advertised extensively, and its fulfillment was announced. Examples of the very typical works derived from such attempts are a light comedy <The Rumbling of a Mountain> and a play <I Will Recollect Today>. The latter was produced as a form of North Korea`s typical drama, succeeding to the creation ways of Seonghwangdangstyled revolutionary plays. Kim, Jung-il formally watched this play for the last time before he died, and as pictures of him and his son and successor, Kim, Jung-eun who had accompanied him to watch this drama were reported, it caused a huge sensation in North Korea. In this article, through <I Will Recollect Today>, a play which aimed for political propaganda again as a legitimate drama after the fever of a light drama in the early and middle 2000s - the theatrical manifestation of “military first” politics, a study was made on the ‘archetype’ of types of characters which the Party calls for. When this play was premiered, in a criticism of 『Joseon Art』, the main character named Kang, San-hae, was explained as “a figure who had an indomitable revolutionary spirit, the nature of a hero and obstinacy, and a committed spirit of self-sacrifice.” In this play, firmly convinced that the accomplishment of the Party``s policies guaranteed the protection of socialism, he was portrayed to fulfill policies of the Party at any cost despite overwhelming obstacles. Features in the main character`s personality were constantly adopted even in a play produced in 2011, <I Will Recollect Today>; the main character was described as a figure who was convinced that though today he had to pour everything he had into tomorrow, his devotion would make ``today`` proudly memorable. On the other hand, Kang, San-ok, who both was a mother of a child and a chairperson in a Board of Military Administration and Economy, was portrayed as a figure who realistically embodied the affliction during Arduous March (North Korea famine), from which the people were suffering. The contrast of Kang, San-ok against a figure named Choi, Kwang-cheon revealed opposing images of the two characters more effectively. San-ok was the typical character of North Korea-styled hero who fought and self-sacrificed for the sake of public desire in its entirety, while Kwang-cheon was depicted as an antagonist who pursued his private desire by impersonating public desire. Consequently, the image of Kang, San-ok, who had a firm conviction in spite of her economic difficulty, is both a subject embracing the whole play and North Korea`s ideal ‘archetype,’ who should play a key part in the juncture when an impetus should be given to the construction of a strong and prosperous country. That is, by showing a typical figure who is faced with Arduous March, the play <I Will Recollect Today> also suggested an ideal image of a figure who is indispensable for a new era to come.