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Double-edged sword: γδ T cells in mucosal homeostasis and disease
Kang In,Kim Yumin,Lee Heung Kyu 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
The mucosa is a tissue that covers numerous body surfaces, including the respiratory tract, digestive tract, eye, and urogenital tract. Mucosa is in direct contact with pathogens, and γδ T cells perform various roles in the tissue. γδ T cells efficiently defend the mucosa from various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In addition, γδ T cells are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis because they select specific organisms in the microbiota and perform immunoregulatory functions. Furthermore, γδ T cells directly facilitate pregnancy by producing growth factors. However, γδ T cells can also play detrimental roles in mucosal health by amplifying inflammation, thereby worsening allergic responses. Moreover, these cells can act as major players in autoimmune diseases. Despite their robust roles in the mucosa, the application of γδ T cells in clinical practice is lacking because of factors such as gaps between mice and human cells, insufficient knowledge of the target of γδ T cells, and the small population of γδ T cells. However, γδ T cells may be attractive targets for clinical use due to their effector functions and low risk of inducing graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, robust research on γδ T cells is required to understand the crucial features of these cells and apply these knowledges to clinical practices.
Kang, Minkyung,Lee, Yumin,Jung, Hayoung,Shim, Jun Ho,Lee, Nam-Suk,Baik, Jeong Min,Lee, Sang Cheol,Lee, Chongmok,Lee, Youngmi,Kim, Myung Hwa American Chemical Society 2012 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.84 No.21
<P>We demonstrate highly efficient electocatalytic activities of single crystalline RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorods grown on carbon fiber (CF), i.e., RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF hybrid microelectrode, prepared by a simple thermal annealing process from the Ru(OH)<SUB>3</SUB> precursor at 300 °C. The general electrochemical activity of a RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF microelectrode represents faster electron transfer for the [Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB>]<SUP>3–/4–</SUP> couple than that of the bare CF microelectrode which are confirmed from the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. Also, the amperometric response for the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> oxidation is remarkably facilitated at the RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF microelectrode by not only the enlarged surface area but the high electrocatalytic activity of the RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod material itself. Furthermore, a single microelectrode of RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF exhibits the superior tolerance to Cl<SUP>–</SUP> ion poisoning unlike Pt-based electrocatalysts, indicating the promising sensor candidate in physiological conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2012/ancham.2012.84.issue-21/ac302334t/production/images/medium/ac-2012-02334t_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac302334t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kim, Yumin,Hwang, Soyoung,Khalmuratova, Roza,Kang, Sunah,Lee, Mingyu,Song, Youngjun,Park, Jong-Wan,Yu, Jaehoon,Shin, Hyun-Woo,Lee, Yan Elsevier 2020 Journal of controlled release Vol.317 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present study, we examined the potential of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based intranasal drug delivery for the treatment of localized nasal diseases. Many charged or non-hydrophobic drugs have difficulty penetrating into the nasal epithelium due to intrinsic membrane impermeability and rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity. To treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), one of the most common localized nasal diseases, we conjugated resveratrol (RSV) to an amphiphilic α-helical leucine (L)- and lysine (K)-rich CPP (LK) and intranasally delivered it to the interior of nasal epithelial cells for inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) caused by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. The RSV-LK conjugate could penetrate into the nasal epithelium and efficiently inhibit EMT, nasal polyp formation, epithelial disruption, and related inflammation in an eosinophilic CRSwNP mouse model, at 10-fold lower doses and with 3-fold less frequent administration than free RSV. Due to the rapid penetration into the nasal epithelium and the therapeutic effect of the RSV-LK conjugate at much lower doses than free RSV, this CPP-based delivery system, with the ability to overcome the tight nasal epithelial barrier, may provide a new strategy for the treatment of localized nasal diseases without the systemic side effects of cargo drugs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A cell penetrating peptide (CPP) is conjugated to resveratrol (RSV). </LI> <LI> The RSV-CPP conjugate effectively inhibits EMT of nasal epithelial cells. </LI> <LI> The RSV-CPP rapidly penetrates into the nasal epithelium in mice. </LI> <LI> The RSV-CPP effectively inhibits nasal polyp formation in CRSwNP mouse model. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>