Numerical Simulation of Interaction of Microbubble and Cell in Acoustic Pressure Pulse

S. Hong,G. Son 한국전산유체공학회 2022 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Numerical Approach for Evaluation of Dynamic Stability Derivatives using Prescribed Motion with Constant Rate of Rotation

S. Hong,J. Lee,B. J. Lee 한국전산유체공학회 2022 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

INVESTIGATION OF PROBABILITY OF PEDESTRIAN CRASH BASED ON AUDITORY RECOGNITION DISTANCE DUE TO A QUIET VEHICLE IN MOTOR MODE

S. HONG,K. CHO,고병식 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.3

This paper is to investigate the auditory recognition distance with several types of vehicles including two types of IC engine vehicle (diesel and gasoline), fully electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle. For this investigation, two experiments were performed. The first experiment was conducted with two low speeds (20 km/h and 30 km/h) on public road similar to proving ground in order to indicate whether a car comes to a subject with two age groups (above and below 60 years old). The second experiment was done on underground parking lot to detect whether there is a car or not when one of the vehicles is under engine/motor idle case. The distance between subject and car is defined as an auditory recognition distance. In addition to the mean value used usually in statistics, the mode value was introduced to represent the typical auditory recognition distance from both sets of experimental data.

POSTERS / PW-085 : SEX DIFFERENCES OF PHOSPHOLIPASE D ACTIVITIES IN CANCER TISSUES OF HUMAN GASTROINTESTINE

(S . Hong),(S . J . Lee),(B . W . Yeom),(M . S . Choi),(M . U . Choi) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1999 6th IUBMB SEOUL CONFERENCE Vol.- No.-

항 - IgG 항체에 의한 차단형 TSH 수용체 항체의 자극형 항체로의 전환

송민호(Min Ho Shong),이가희(Ka Hee Yi),조보연(Bo Youn Cho),이홍규(Hong Kyu Lee),고창순(Chang Soon Koh),민헌기(Hun Ki Min),송영기(Young Kee Shong) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.41 No.5

N/A We examined the conversion phenomenon of thyrotropin rceptor-bound blocking type immunog-lobulin G to the stimulating type by antihuman IgG antibody for the evaluation of the mechanism involved in the conversion, in vitro. Blocking-type IgG was purified from a patient with primary myxedema. In the conversion experiment. FRTL-5 cells were first incubated with blocking-type lgG solution at 37°C for 30 min, then washed with Hanks Balanced Salt Solution and, secondly, incubated with the solution containing antihuman IgG antibody at 4°C for 1.5 h and then for 3 h at 37°C. The antihuman IgG antibody to the cell-bound blocking type IgG resulted in an increase of Camp production in a dose dependent manner. Of the several types of antihuman IgG antibodies tested, antibodies against F fragment and divalent Fab frament showed the most effective conversion, while the least effective were those against the F, fragment. IgG from patients with high titer of rheumatoid factor did not convert cell-bound blocking type IgG to the stimulating type. Antihuman IgG antibody did not interfere with the TBII activity of the blocking type IgG antibody did not interfere with the TBII activity of the blocking type IgG. Simultaneous addition of antihuman IgG antibody and TSH (0.1 Mu/ml) increased Camp production to a greater degree than the individual addition of either. These results suggest that blocking-type TSH receptor antibody and stimulating-type antibody bind to the similar epitope of TSH eceptor, and that IgG against TSH receptor antibodyr may also play a patho-physiological role in vivo.

THYROID CARCINOGENESIS : CURRENT FINDINGS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Shong, Minho 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2006 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.8

Differentiated thyroid cancers, including papillary and follicular carcinomas, frequently develop as a result of genetic alterations. Papillary thyroid cancers(PTC) show balanced inversions or translocations that usually involve the 3.0 kb intron 11 of the tyrosine kinase receptor protein RET. These rearrangements result in the formation of RET/PTC through the fusion of the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene with the 5'-end of activating heterologous sequences belonging to the RET-fused genes. RET/PTC has been reported to be a constitutively active kinase in thyroid epithelial cells. Although RET/PTC has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, the direct substrates of RET/PTC in thyroid cells are largely unknown. We have examined the interaction of RET/PTC and STAT3, and the phosphorylation activity of RET/PTC on the Y705 residue of STAT3. STAT3 is a direct substrate for RET/PTC tyrosine kinase and that Y705 phosphorylation in STAT3 by RET/PTC is a critical signaling pathway for the specific induction of genes in the RET/PTC-mediated transformation process. Here we show that LKB1 act as a suppressor of stat3 in RET/PTC mediated processes of transformation. The mutations of LKB I protein kinase in human results in a disorder termed Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS), which predisposes to a wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumours. LKB1+/- heterozygous mice develop tumours resembling those found in PJS in humans. The overexpression of LKB1 in LKB1-deficient cancer cells induced a G1 cell cycle arrest and genetic studies in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and Xenopus indicated that the LKB1 homologue in these organisms plays a role in regulating cell polarity. We have reported that RET/PTC is able to activated STAT3 and it involved in transformation in thyroid carcinogenesis. The wild type and kinase dead mutant LKB1 decreased stat3 transcriptional activity in RET/PTC transfected cells. LKB1 showed interactions with STAT3 inimmunoprecipitation experiments. The LKB1 and activated STAT3 colocalized within the nucleus. The GAL4-fused LKB1 showed intrinsic repressor activities. However the repressor activities were not affected by treatment of HDAC inhibitors. The LKB1-mediated suppression of STAT3 transciption was not dependent on S727 residue in transactivation domain of STAT3. These observation indicate that LKB1 is transcriptional co-repressor of STAT3 which is activated by thyroid specific oncogenic tyrosine kinase, RET/PTC. In addition, we showed that 2-indolinone compounds; SU5416, SU6668 and SU11248 showed variable activities on the inhibition of RET/PTC tyrosine kinases. SU11248 showed the most potent and very specific properties for the inhibition of RET/PTC. These findings suggest that 2-indolinone-derivates, SU11248 might be a potential therapeutic candidate by inhibiting RET/PTC in papillary thyroid cancer.

Collective Bargaining and Teacher Salaries : Case Studies in Michigan and Colorado

Shong, IlHo 동국대학교 경영대학원 1996 經營論叢-東國大學校 經營大學院 Vol.20 No.-

Peroxiredoxins : Its pathophysiological roles in the treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseses

Shong, Minho,Kim, Ho,Lee, Tae-Hoon,Kim, Kang Hwa 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2001 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.3

Thyroid epithelial cells are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species because they produce a large amount of hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) in response to thyrotropin. A high level of H₂O₂ can induce an oxidative stress response in thyrocytes which signals the cell nucleus to arrest growth and undergo apoptosis. Because H₂O₂ can directly damage DNA and other biological macromolecules, it has been suggested that thyrocytes should have mechanisms to control the intracellular level of H₂O₂. Although thyroid cells utilize several cellular defense systems against oxidative damage including antioxidant proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, the exact mechanisms involved in regulating intracellular H₂O₂ are not known. Peroxiredoxins(Prx) play an important role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in several types of mammalian cells. One mechanism for this action involves modulation of hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)-mediated cellular responses. This report examines the expression of PrxⅠ and PrxⅡ in thyroid cells and their roles in eliminating H₂O₂ produced in response to TSH. PrxⅠ and PrxⅡ are constitutively expressed in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. PrxⅠ expression, but not PrxⅡ expression, is stimulated by exposure to TSH and H₂O₂. In addition, methimazole(MMI) induces a high level of Prx I mRNA and protein in these cells. Overexpression of PrxⅠ and Prx II enhance the elimination of H₂O₂ produced by TSH in FRTL-5 cells. Treatment with 500μM H₂O₂ causes apoptosis in FRTL-5 cells as evidenced by standard assays of apoptosis(i.e., terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling(TUNEL), BAX expression and PARP cleavage. Overexpression of PrxⅠ and PrxⅡ reduces the amount of H₂O₂-induced apoptosis measured by these assays. These results suggest that PrxⅠ and PrxⅡ are involved in the removal of H₂O₂ in thyroid cells, and can protect these cells from undergoing apoptosis. These proteins are likely to be involved in the normal physiological response to TSH-induced production of H₂O₂ in thyroid cells. The antithyroid drug, methimazole(MMI) is used to treat patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. The major action of MMI is to inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland. However, MMI also has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects on thyrocytes and/or immune cells. This study identifies novel antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of MMI involving the IFN-γ signaling pathway in thyroid cells. MMI inhibits transcription of the ICAM-1 gene by modulating the function of transcription factor STAT1 which binds to the IFN-γ activated site of the ICAM-1 promoter. Furthermore, MMI rapidly eliminates H₂O₂ produced by IFN-γ treatment in thyroid cells, and thus inhibits the H₂O₂-mediated phosphorylation of tyrosine Y701 in STAT1. MMI also eliminates H₂O₂ in vitro. MMI facilitates electron transfer from NADPH to H₂O₂ using thioredoxin or glutathione, fulfilling a role similar to peroxiredoxin or glutathione peroxidase, respectively. MMI prevents the IFN-γ and H₂O₂-mediated reversible inactivation of phosphateases. These effects attenuates full activation of IFN-γ-induced JAK/STAT signaling pathway in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. These results may in part explain the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of MMI in thyroid cells of Graves' disease patients.

The Wage Disparity of Educated Single Women by the Gender Composition of an Occupation

Shong, Ilho 한국생산성학회 1998 THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY Vol.4 No.1

This paper estimates the earnings gap between female-dominated and other occupations for educated single women. The methodology, utilized in this paper, corrects the possible selection bias from the career-path and the occupational selection decisions; therefore, the estimates of wage equations are expected to be consistent population parameters. The empirical results in this paper show that differences in the explanatory variables included in wage equations do not explain a large portion of the earnings gap, confirming the existence of wage discrimination between female-dominated and other occupations for educated single women.

The Determination of Career-Path and Occupational Segregation in the Labor Market

Shong, Il Ho 한국생산성학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY Vol.8 No.1

This paper presents a new definition of career-path based upon women's previous working history and their important characteristics related to the labor force participation. Unlike previous studies, a bivariate selectivity approach is used to estimate the earnings gap between female-dominated and other occupations for specific group of female labor market participants. Because of a different statistical technique, two important decisions for women who must decide before entering the labor market are considered, namely career-path and occupational segregation decisions. Because this approach corrects the possible selection bias, the estimates of wage equations are expected to be consistent. According to the empirical results from this study, the explanatory variables in wage equations cannot explain a large portion of the wage disparity between two types of occupations.