해외 기술도입과 자체 연구개발의 관계 및 결정요인에 관한 연구

허영도(Young Do Huh) 한국경영학회 1996 經營學硏究 Vol.25 No.3

This paper undertakes an empirical analysis of two questions relevant to the technology import(T.I) and in-house R&D of the Korean enterprises. The first question is whether the technology imports discourage the enterprises` R&D efforts or not. Statistical tests showed that the technology imports didn`t discourage the enterprises` R&D effort. But the Korean enterprises` R&D effort was weakly correlated with the technology import activities. The second question pertains to the determinants of the T.I and R&D effort respectively. The empirical evidence showed that the necessary condition for enterprises to commence R&D was external stimulus such as competition in export markets or domestic markets, and the sufficient condition was to have basic technology power, R&D manpower and firm size which would support the R&D efforts. The second empirical evidence showed that the necessary conditions for enterprises to commence technology import are the high competitive pressure from foreign firms` product in domestic market and the enterprises` need to maintain the competitive advantage of their competitive product, and the sufficient condition was firm size and basic technology power which would support the T.I.

국제합작투자에 의한 기술이전에 관한 연구

허영도(Young - do Huh) 한국경영학회 1995 經營學硏究 Vol.24 No.1

The objective of this study is to establish an efficient technology transfer strategy for Korean firms through international Joint Venture(J.V). For this purpose I tried two-stage approach. First, I tried to find out the necessary and sufficient conditions under which international J.V can be selected as a best technology transfer channel. The necessary condition means the condition under which J.V is preferred to Licensing and the sufficient condition means the condition under which J.V is preferred to Wholly Owned Subsidiary(WOS). Second, I tested the hypotheses on the direction of relationship between the above condition factors and the probability to select international J.V as a technology transfer channel. The empirical evidence for the condition in choosing between Licensing and J.V shows that the probability to choose J.V instead of Licensing as a technology transfer channel is the higher when the firm has the more motivation to assure the long-term and stable supply of raw materials and parts because of the imperfection of international intermediary goods market, when the firm has the more motivation to use the local partner`s experience and knowledge about local market because of the imperfection of knowledge market and when the firm has the more motivation to assure financial assets because of the imperfection of international capital market. And the empirical evidence for the condition in choosing between J.V and WOS shows that the probaility to choose J.V instead of WOS as a technology transfer channel is the higher when the firm has the more motivation to acquire the synergy effect in marketing by utilizing the local partner`s experience and knowledge about local market and when it has the more motivation to acquire strategic synergy effect such as detouring tariff barriers by establishing a J.V with local firm.

물리치료사의 역할관련 직무스트레스와 조직효과성

허영배,김원중,안소윤,임정도,Huh, Young-Bae,Kim, Won-Joong,Ahn, So-Youn,Im, Jung-Do 대한물리치료과학회 2002 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The main objective of this study is to evaluate role-related job stressors of physical therapists and to examine the relationship between job stress and organizational effectiveness. A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for the physical therapists working in Busan area, and data from 175 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Survey items included general characteristics of the therapists(sex, age, education, marital status, religion, income, etc.), various kinds of job stressors(role conflict, role overload, role ambiguity, physical burden), and organizational effectiveness measured in terms of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Major results are as follows: 1) The level of physical therapists' job stress was found to be in average range, recording 2.65 on 4-point scale. 2) It appeared that main job stressors of physical therapists were role ambiguity and role overload, and this was more apparent in the case of younger, relatively less-educated, unmarried, and lower-grade employees. 3) On the other hand, in the case of relatively more-educated and higher-paid employees, role conflict was comparatively more important job stressor. 4) Regression analysis suggested that, as Job stress increased, job satisfaction and organizational commitment decreased; however, no significant relationship was found between job stress and organizational citizenship behavior. 5) These results imply that, in order to perform effective and efficient personnel administration of physical therapists, adequate job stress management would be very important task for the hospital managers.

공동주택 골조공사의 적정공기 판단모델

설도균(Seol, Do-Kyun),김대영(Kim, Dae-Young),김대영(Kim, Dae-Young),정성춘(Jeong, Seong-Chun),허영기(Huh, Young-Ki) 대한건축학회 2016 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.32 No.12

Domestic Korea construction industry experiences higher accident rate than other industries due to overtime and extra works resulted from inadequately planned short schedule. After identifying candidate drivers affecting construction schedule of an apartment project from intensive interviews with experts, a total of 117 field data was collected in order to develop a standard for determining whether or not a planned schedule for concrete structural frameworks is optimum. From correlation and multiple regression analyses with the data, four drivers, namely ‘ratio of floor area to site’, ‘no. of floors’, ‘no. of ground floors’, and ‘no. of days needed for concrete curing’, were identified. Furthermore, a two-way table using ‘no. of ground floors’ and ‘no. of underground floors’ has been developed for the determination of an optimum schedule. It was also found that the driver of ‘no. of days needed for concrete curing’ can be used as an adjustment factor for better judgement of the duration. The results will be in the great interests for those that are likely to check if planned or changed schedule is how optimum and to reduce risk of accident let by too much extra and overtime works.

Trans 지방과 쌀, 콩을 첨가한 빵의 섭취가 건강한 성인 남녀의 혈장 지질 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

노경희(Kyung-Hee Noh),허영(Young Huh),장지현(Ji-Hyun Jang),김소희(Soo-Hee Kim),신진혁(Jin Hyuk Shin),김도훈(Do-Hoon Kim),이승환(Seong-Hwan Lee),이경식(Kyung-Sik Lee),박용규(Yong-Kyu Park),조경환(Kyung-Hwan Cho),송영선(Young-Sun Song 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.8

본 연구는 서울지역에 거주하는 건강한 성인 남녀(남자 23명, 여자 10명) 33명을 대상으로 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가한 쌀 빵, 콩 빵과 밀 빵의 섭취가 식후 혈장에서의 지방산과 지질흡수에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험군은 각 군 당 11명씩 3군으로 분류하였다. 쌀 빵은 밀가루 40 g과 쌀가루 40 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을, 콩 빵은 콩가루 30 g과 밀가루 50 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가하였고, 밀빵은 밀가루 80 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가하여 식빵 형태로 각각 조제하였다. 대상자들은 8시간 공복 후 각각의 빵을 섭취하고 0, 1, 2, 3, 4시간 후 채혈하였고, 이는 혈중 지방산과 trans 지방산의 농도 및 지질 수준 분석에 이용되었다. 포화지방산인 C16:0과 C18:0의 수준은 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 시간의 경과에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 콩 빵과 쌀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 섭취 후 유사한 수준이었다. C16:0은 콩 빵과 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 섭취 1시간 후에 peak에 도달하였으나 시간이 경과함에 감소하는 경향을 보여 섭취 4시간 후 밀 빵 군에서는 변화량은 섭취 전의 수준과 유사하였으나 콩 빵 군에서는 섭취하기 전보다도 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. C18:0은 섭취 1시간 후 콩 빵과 쌀 빵을 섭취한 군이 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으나 콩 빵과 쌀 빵 군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Trans 지방산인 C18:1t과 18:2t는 세 군 모두에서는 섭취 2시간 후 가장 높은 수준을 보였으며 섭취 4시간 후에는 콩 빵 섭취한 군에서의 C18:1t의 혈중 농도가 가장 낮았다. C18:1c은 섭취 4시간 후 콩 빵 군에서 가장 낮았고 쌀 빵 군에서 가장 높았다. 또한 콩 빵의 섭취는 TG의 증가를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 콩 빵의 섭취는 밀 빵을 섭취했을 때보다 혈중 trans 지방산을 비롯한 포화지방산 농도와 TG의 수준을 저하하였으며 이것은 콩에 함유된 식이섬유와 생리활성물질들이 지방산과 지방의 체내 흡수율을 저하시키거나 흡수속도를 느리게 하는 때문으로 사료된다. 따라서 trans 지방산을 비롯한 포화지방산과 TG의 체내 농도를 저하시키기 위해서는 밀 빵보다 콩 빵의 형태로 섭취하는 것이 유익할 것으로 사료된다. It has been reported that trans fat (tFA) may have adverse or beneficial effect depending upon the position and number of double bonds. The presence of tFA in human tissues and fluids is related to dietary intake, intestinal absorption, metabolism and storage, exchanges among compartments. This study investigated the effect of breads containing tFA, soybean or rice on postprandial plasma fatty acid and lipid composition. 33 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups and fed soybean bread, rice bread or wheat bread groups containing equivalent amounts of tFA (elaidic acid rich, 3.75 g/day), respectively. Postprandial lipid profiles at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after a respective meal were studied. Plasma fatty acid was extracted by the method of Folch and methyl ester of fatty and prepared by acid transmethylation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. Peaks were identified using pure reference compounds and quantified. Postprandial data indicated that consumption of soybean and rice breads with 3.75 g tFA retarded the appearance of C18:1 and C18:2 tFA in plasma lipid compared to that of wheat bread. Futhermore, soybean and rice bread groups showed lower plasma saturated fatty acid levels than wheat bread group. Postprandial TG level was significantly lowered in soybean bread group compared to that of rice and wheat bread groups. These results imply that soybean bread with high dietary fiber content and biologically active substances may inhibit or delay lipid absorption.

흰쥐에서 한냉식염수 저장액이 정맥절편의 인조혈관내 자가내피세포 파종시 문합부 내막 과형성의 억제효과

이원종,서보양,허영수,채상철,도병수,윤성수,성언기 대한혈관외과학회 1994 Vascular Specialist International Vol.10 No.1

Anastomotic intimal hyperplasia has been implicated as a cause of graft failure in lower extremity arterial bypass procedure. Intimal hyperplasia may be caused by hemodynamic factors, such as wall shear stress and compliance mismatch, as well as interaction between components of the vessel wall and elements of circulating blood. A defect or injury to the endothelium is the basis for all these proposed mechanisms. These experimental studies established that endothelial cell lining of arterial prosthesis were decreased intimal hyperplasia and lead to reduce thrombogenicity. Eighteen adult dogs were underwent iliofemoral end-to-end bypass graft with 4cm segment of 4mm PTFE, bilaterally. One side graft was seeded immediately prior to implant with enzymetically harvested endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were procured from autologous external jugular vein segments using Hanks balanced salt solution and 0.1% collagenase. Another side was implanted unseeded PTFE graft as a control. The grafts were studied from one to six weeks after implantation. Light microscopic findings of control and experimental grafts were cornpared at 4 to 6 weeks. In experimental grafts, surface endothelial cells layer near anastomotic sites were showned more thinner than control grafts. The luminal surface of control grafts showed a organized thrombus and, a thick fibrin coagulum and smooth muscle cells were noted. In conclusion, the development of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia was reduced according to the degree of endothelial cell covering over the luminal surface of the prosthetic arterial graft.

소아에서 유전성 구상 적혈구증의 비장 적출술

하정옥,도병수,김창식,서보양,허영수 영남대학교 의과대학 1994 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.11 No.1

저자들은 1987년 12월부터 1993년 8월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에 입원하여 유전성 구상 적혈구증으로 진단받고 비장적출술을 시행한 9례를 대상으로 임상분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 총 9명중 남아 5명, 여아 4명으로 남녀비가 비슷하였으며, 6세에서 10세 사이가 9례중 5례로 전체의 반이상을 차지하였다. 2. 가족력을 나타낸 경우는 9례중 4례(44.4%)이었다. 3. 주요임상 증상으로는 빈혈, 황달 및 비장종대가 주증상이었으며, 담석증 및 총담관결석을 동반하였던 2례에서는 우상복부 동통을 나타내었다. 4. 검사실 소견으로는 말초혈액 도말검사상 구상 적혈구를 발견할 수 있었으며, 혈색소 8.1 ±2.4 gm/dl, 헤마토크리트 23.4 ±10.2%, 망상적혈구 15.9 ±11.7%이었으며, 삼투압 취약성은 모두에서 증가되어 있었다. 혈청 전 빌리루빈 8.6 ±10.9 gm/dl, LDH 370.1 ±169.1 IU/L으로 증가되었다. Coombs 검사상 9례 모두 음성반응을 보였다. 5. 9례 모두 비장적출술을 시행하였으며 이들중 담석증을 동반한 1례에서는 담낭절제술, 총담관 결석제거술 및 T-tube 담관조루술을 동시에 시행하였다. 수술 소견상 비장의 무게는 350(150-600)gm이었고, 9례중 3례에서 부비장(accessory spleen)이 관찰되었다. 6. 비장 적출후 유전성 구상 적혈구증 9례에서 수술전 혈색소 8.1 ±2.4 gm/dl, 헤마토크리트 23.4 ±10.2%, 수술후 혈색소 12.3 ±1.2 gm/dl, 헤마토크리트 37.0 ±5.3%로 증가되어 술후 빈혈이 교정되었음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 수술후에 수혈의 필요성은 없었으며, 술후 특별한 합병증없이 9명 모두 현재까지 건강하게 잘 자라고 있다. Among the erythrocyte membrane defects, hereditary spherocytosis is the most common. The erythrocyte membrane defect results from a deficiency of spectrin, the most important structural protein in red cell. Hereditary spherocytosis often presents with hemolytic anemia, jaundice, moderate splenomegaly. Diagnosis is established by the presence of spherocytes in the peripheral blood, reticulocytosis, an increased osmotic fragility, and a negative Coombs test. In children, splenectomy is usually performed after age 6 years but can be done at a younger age if warranted by the severity of the anemia and the need for frequent transfusions. In the period December 1987 to August 1993, 9 patients with hereditary spherocytosis underwent splenectomy and the following results were obtained. 1. Nine patients were comprised of five males and four females. 2. Five patients(55.6%) had been admitted to our hospital during age 6-10 years. 3. Four of the nine patients had autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression. The other five patients had no known inheritance. 4. The diagnosis of the spherocytosis was based on the increased osmotic fragility and increased autohemolysis of the erythrocytes, as well as on the appearance of spherocytes in the peripheral blood smear. 5. In all cases splenectomy was performed. Two patients had concomitant gall stones and choledocholithiasis, respectively. One patient with concomitant gall stones underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy and splenectomy. The other patient associated with choledocholithiasis underwent splenectomy, cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and T-tube drainage. 6. Complete hematologic recovery was obtained by the splenectomy in all cases. 7. Postoperative complication was not occurred.

Venocuff을 이용한 원발성 정맥류의 치료

권굉보,서보양,도병수,허영수,서동권 대한혈관외과학회 1992 Vascular Specialist International Vol.8 No.1

The repair of incompetent venous valves using venocuff sleeve is a new, simple technique. The venocuff sleeve is usually implanted around the valve of the saphenofemoral junction in the primary great saphenous varicose vein. The material of venocuff was PTFE(Gore-Tex^(12)), with an average of 1.2-1.5cm in width and 0.5-0.6 cm in diameter. Two hemodynamic tests of venous pressure and photoplethys- mography(PPG) were performed in 13 patients who underwent venocuff sleeve method preand post-operatively. Venous refilling times were checked with superficial venous pressure and PPG, respectively. The average follow up duration was 13 months(1-27 months). The results were as follows: The male to female ratio was 7 to 6 and the average age was 43.2 years with a range of 20∼63 years. The clinical symptoms of venous engorgement(N=12), calf pain(N=3) and tortuous veins(N=4) were all improved after operation, but the swelling(N=2) was improved in one case. The Mean venous pressure refilling times with the superficial venous pressure and PPG were 9.0±1.5 and 8.8±1.1 second at preoperative, 20.5±2.6 and 20.0±3.0 second at postoperative test, respectively(p$lt;0.01). Recurrence was recognized in one patient. In conclusion, treatment of the primary varicose vein using venocuff sleeve may be a simple, less invasive, easy, and effective method that can preserve the valvular competence. The great saphenous vein can also preserve for graft surgery of the coronary and peripheral vessel.