시판 한식 반찬류의 미생물학적 품질 평가

최광남(Kwang-Nam Choi),김태형(Tae-Hyeong Kim),배현주(Hyun-Joo Bae) 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

시판 한식 반찬류의 품질 개선 방안을 마련하고자 3개 도시의 반찬가게 29곳에서 구입한 총 126개의 반찬류의 미생물학적 품질을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시료 반찬류 중 가열조리공정 메뉴가 58.8%, 복합조리공정 메뉴가 32.8%, 비가열조리공정 메뉴가 8.4%였다. 조리공정에 따른 일반세균수의 평균 검출량은 가열조리공정 메뉴, 복합조리공정 메뉴, 비가열조리공정 메뉴 순으로 유의적으로 낮았고(P<0.001), 대장균군수의 평균 검출량은 복합조리공정 메뉴보다 가열조리공정 메뉴가 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 또한 대장균은 체인점에서 판매한 복합조리공정 메뉴인 시금치나물에서 총 1건(전체의 0.8%)이 검출되었고, 황색포도상구균은 체인점에서 판매한 육개장과 개인업소에서 판매한 쇠고기무국, 취나물, 육원전, 잡채에서 각 1건씩 총 5건(전체의 4.0%)이 검출되었다. 그러나 전체 시료에서 장출혈성 대장균과 살모넬라균은 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 시판 반찬류의 미생물학적 품질 개선을 위해서는 반찬류의 생산·판매업소에서 원·부재료 구매부터 조리, 냉각, 포장, 보관에 이르는 전 과정의 세부적인 위생관리기준을 마련하고 위생적인 원・부재료의 사용과 함께 종사원이 위생관리 매뉴얼을 잘 수행해나갈 수 있도록 지속해서 교육하고 관리・감독해나가야 할 것이다. This study evaluated the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat Korean dishes sold in grocery stores in South Korea. A total of 126 samples were collected from 29 grocery stores in three cities. The aerobic plate counts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were evaluated. Results of microbiological quality evaluation of Korean dishes showed that aerobic plate counts were significantly different according to the place of purchase (P<0.05), kinds of Korean dish (P<0.001), major ingredient (P<0.05), and food preparation process (P<0.001) and coliform levels were significantly different according to the place of purchase (P<0.05) and food preparation process (P<0.05). In addition, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the spicy beef and leek soup purchased from a chain store and the clear beef soup, chwi-namul, Korean meatballs, and japchae purchased from self-managed stores. E. coli was detected in the blanched and seasoned spinach purchased from a chain store. On the other hand, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. were not detected in any of the samples. In conclusion, Korean dish manufacturers should adopt detailed sanitation management standards, use sanitary raw materials, and educate employees to follow these standards to improve the microbiological quality of Korean dishes sold in grocery stores.

DC magnetron 방법과 RF 스퍼터링 방법으로 제작된 Nickel Oxide 박막의 특성 연구

최광남(Kwang Nam Choi),박준우(Jun Woo Park),백승호(Seoung Ho Baek),이호선(Ho Sun Lee),곽성관(Sung Kwan Kwak),정관수(Kwan Soo Chung) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.7

We deposited nickel oxide(NiO) thin films on silicont'Si) substrates at Room temperature and 500℃ using a nickel target by reactive DC and RF sputtering. In addition, we anneal to NiO thin films deposited at room temperature. Using spectroscopic eillipsometry, we obtained optical characteristics of every films. We discussed relations of the optical and structural properties of NiO thin films with the oxygen flow rate, substrate temperature and annealing temperatures. Refraction was decreased and defect was increased when NiO thin films was annealed. We also analyzed the electrical characteristics of NiO films which deposited DC and RF sputtering method.

MIM(Metal-Insulator-Metal)구조의 LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)소자 특성 연구

최광남(Kwan Nam Choi),이명재(Myung Jae Lee),곽성관(Sung Kwan Kwak),정관수(Kwan Soo Chung),김동식(Dong Sik Kim) 대한전자공학회 2001 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2001 No.6

삼중 우선순위 큐 MAINTENANCE 알고리즘

최광남(Choi Kwang Nam),홍성수(Hong Seong Soo),심재홍(Sim Jae Hong) 한국정보과학회 1987 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.14 No.2

본 논문은 ATKINSON[1]이 제안한 Double-ended priority queue(MinMaxHeap)를 확장하여 triple-ended priority queue(MaxMinMedianMinMaxHeap : TE-Heap)라는 자료 구조와 TE-Heap에 대한 유지, 관리를 할 수 있는 알고리즘들을 제안한다. TE-Heap 자료구조는 배열을 중위수(Median) 중심으로 왼쪽에는 중위수보다 작은 원소들로 MaxMinHeap을 구성하고, 오른쪽에는 중위수보다 큰 원소들로 MinMaxHeap을 구성한다. TE-Heap 자료 구조를 사용하면 최대값, 최소값, 중위값을 갖는 노드를 O(1)에 검색할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 최대값, 최소값, 중위값 재기를 O(log n)에 할 수 있고, 임의 노드 추가를 O(log n), 임의 노드 제거를 O(n)에 할수 있다.

비정질 실리콘의 자기정렬콘텍 (Self Aligned contact)에서 LPCVD 공정시간에 따른 특성 변화 연구

최광남(Kwang Nam Choi),곽성관(Sung Kwan Kwak),김동식(Dong Sik Kim),정관수(Kwan Soo Chung) 대한전자공학회 2006 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11

The effects of processing time on the crystallization of the amorphous silicon for self aligned contact (SAC) pad deposited on the silicon substrate using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) are presented in this paper. The amorphous silicon film is being subjected to processing time from 60 to 100 min for usual amorphous silicon growth. Usual processing lime of the amorphous silicon is 100 minutes, but we tried 60 minutes processing time to study the effect on the property of silicon. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the crystallization of the amorphous silicon to poly silicon begins to occur for 60 min of LPCVD. The tendency to grow ploy crystalline silicon is likely due to the reduced surface oxidation during grain growth and crystallization at shorter processing time. Reduced contact resistance of the poly silicon contact pad was also measured for 60 min processing time. Our result will be beneficial to mass production companies. The detailed study of the structural, morphological and property changes of the amorphous silicon layer upon different processing time will be presented.

Prevailing Synoptic Patterns for Persistent Positive Temperature Anomaly Episodes in the United States

Jongnam Choi(최종남),Gwangyong Choi(최광용),Thomas Williams 대한지리학회 2008 대한지리학회지 Vol.43 No.5

본 연구는 미국 지역을 사례로 겨울철 및 여름철에 장기간 지속되는 이상고온기 발생에 유리한 종관 규모의 매커니즘을 밝힌다. 여름철 이상고온기는 주로 미국의 남중부 지역에서 발생하는 반면, 겨울철 이상고온기는 미서부 지역에서 발생한다. 지상 및 상층 기압장 자료 분석 결과, 이러한 이상고온기는 태평양과 대서양의 아열대 고기압들의 활동과 밀접하게 관련되어있다. 장기간 지속되는 여름철 이상고온기는 중층 및 상층 블러킹 고기압의 활동에 의해 형성되는 매우 안정된 대기 조건하에서 주로 발생한다. 또한 이 시기에는 지표강제력으로 상대적으로 높은 보웬비(Bowen ratio)가 나타나지만, 따뜻한 공기의 이류의 영향은 크지 않다. 반면, 장기간 지속되는 겨울철 이상고온기는 블러킹 고기압에 의한 단열 기온 상승뿐만 아니라 따뜻한 공기의 이류의 복합적인 작용에 의해 나타난다. 그러나 이 시기의 지표 강제력의 영향은 약하다. This study examines the prevailing synoptic-scale mechanisms favorable for long-lived summer Persistent Positive Temperature Anomalies (PPTAs) as well as winter PPTAs in the United States. Such long-lived PPTAs usually occur in the south-central region of the United States in summer, but in the southwestern part of the United States in winter. Composite analyses of surface and pressure level data demonstrate that the formation of both winter and summer PPTAs is closely related to the movement of subtropical high pressure systems in the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, respectively. The occurrence of long-lived summer PPTAs usually coincides with an extremely stable atmospheric condition caused by persistent blocking by mid- to upper-tropospheric anticyclones. Significant surface forcing is also easily identified through relatively high Bowen ratios at the surface. Warm air advection is, however, weak and appears to be an insignificant element in the formation of long-lived summer PPTAs. On the other hand, synergistic warming effects associated with adiabatic heating under an anticyclonic blocking system as well as significant warm air advection characterize the favorable synoptic environments for long-lived winter PPTAs. However, the impact of surface forcing mechanisms on winter PPTAs is insignificant.

높은 체감온도가 서울의 여름철 질병 사망자 증가에 미치는 영향, 1991-2000

최광용,최종남,권호장,Choi, Gwang-Yong,Choi, Jong-Nam,Kwon, Ho-Jang 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between the summertime (June to August) heat index, which quantifies the bioclimatic apparent temperature in sultry weather, and the daily disease-related mortality in Seoul for the period from 1991 to 2000. Methods : The daily maximum (or minimum) summertime heat indices, which show synergetic apparent temperatures, were calculated from the six hourly temperatures and real time humidity data for Seoul from 1991 to 2000. The disease-related daily mortality was extracted with respect to types of disease, age and sex, etc. and compared with the time series of the daily heat indices. Results : The summertime mortality in 1994 exceeded the normal by 626 persons. Specifically, blood circulation-related and cancer-related mortalities increased in 1994 by 29.7% (224 persons) and 15.4% (107 persons), respectively, compared with those in 1993. Elderly persons, those above 65 years, were shown to be highly susceptible to strong heat waves, whereas the other age and sex-based groups showed no significant difference in mortality. In particular, a heat wave episode on the 22nd of July 2004 ($>45^{\circ}C$ daily heat index) resulted in double the normal number of mortalities after a lag time of 3 days. Specifically, blood circulation-related mortalities, such as cerebral infraction, were predominant causes. Overall, a critical mortality threshold was reached when the heat index exceeded approximately $37^{\circ}C$, which corresponds to human body temperature. A linear regression model based on the heat indices above $37^{\circ}C$, with a 3 day lag time, accounted for 63% of the abnormally increased mortality (${\geq}+2$ standard deviations). Conclusions : This study revealed that elderly persons, those over 65 years old, are more vulnerable to mortality due to abnormal heat waves in Seoul, Korea. When the daily maximum heat index exceeds approximately $37^{\circ}C$, blood circulation-related mortality significantly increases. A linear regression model, with respect to lag-time, showed that the heat index based on a human model is a more dependable indicator for the prediction of hot weather-related mortality than the ambient air temperature.

Characteristics of Self assembled Monolayer as $Ta_2O_5$ Dielectric Interface for Polymer TFTs

최광남,곽성관,정관수,김동식,Choi, Kwang-Nam,Kwak, Sung-Kwan,Chung, Kwan-Soo,Kim, Dong-Sik The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2006 電子工學會論文誌. Journal of the institute of electronics Vol.43 No.1

중합 박막 트랜지스터의 특성은 유기 반도체에 앞서 게이트유전체 표면의 화학적 변형에 의해 조절 가능하다. 화학적 처리는 자기조립 단분자막 형태의 유전물질과 함께 파생된 tantalum pentoxide($Ta_2O_5$) 표면으로 구성된다. Octadecyl trichlorosilane(OTS), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), aminopropyltreithoxysilane(ATS) 자기조립 단분자막의 성장은 중합체로 결합된 poly-3-hexylthiophene(P3HT)의 분위기에서 $0.01\sim0.06cm2/V{\cdot}s$의 이동도로 진행되었다. 이동도 향상 메커니즘은 중합체와 자기조립 단분자막 사이의 분자 상호작용에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 이는 향후 ploymer TFT의 유전박막 중 하나로서 유용하게 사용 될 것이다. The characteristics of polymeric thin-film transistors(TFTs) can be controlled by chemically modifying the surface of the gate dielectric prior to the organic semiconductor. The chemical treatment consists of derivative the tantalum pentoxide($Ta_2O_5$) surface with organic materials to form self-assembled monolayer(SAM). The deposition of an octadecyl-trichlorosilane(OTS), hexamethy-ldisilazone(HMDS), aminopropyltreithoxysilane(ATS) SAM leads to a mobility of $0.01\sim0.06cm2/V{\cdot}s$ in a poly-3-hexylthiophene(P3HT) conjugated polymer. The mobility enhancement mechanism is likely to involve molecular interactions between the polymer and SAM. These result can be used for polymer TFT's dielectric material.

박물관의 생물열화 방제

최광남,Choi Kwang-nam 한국대학박물관협회 1989 고문화 Vol.35 No.-

박물관자료의 보존조건

최광남,Choi Kwang-Nam 한국대학박물관협회 1986 고문화 Vol.28·29 No.-