고삼추출물의 in vitro 항돌연변이원성과 유전독성 연구

조현조(Hyeon-Jo Cho),윤현주(Hyunjoo Yoon),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),이제봉(Je-Bong Lee),심창기(Chang-Ki Shim),김진효(Jin Hyo Kim),정미혜(Mi Hye Jeong),오진아(Jin-Ah Oh),김두호(Doo-Ho Kim),백민경(Min-Kyoung Paik) 한국농약과학회 2013 농약과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Sophorae radix extract (SRE) has been registered as an environment-friendly organic material that is widely used in the cultivation of crops in Korea. Matrine, the active ingredient in SRE, was reported as a toxic substance in the nervous system in mice. However, no information is available on its toxic effects in other organisms. Therefore, antimutagenicity and two kinds of genotoxicity tests (bacterial reverse mutation and chromosome aberration test) of two samples of SRE were investigated in this study. Antimutagenicity test was experimented by using bacterial reverse mutation test. In the reverse mutation test, Salmonella Typhimurim TA98, TA1535 and TA1537 were used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SRE. Bacterial reverse mutation test was also performed on positive and negative control groups in the presence of the metabolic activation system (with S-9 mix) and metabolic non-activation system (without S-9 mix). In the chromosome aberration test, Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to SRE for 6 or 24 hours without S-9 mix, or for 6 hours with S-9 mix. Negative and positive control groups were experimented for chromosome aberration test. As a result, the number of mutated colonies induced by 4-NQO were reduced by SRE treatment in all strains, indicating that SRE may have antimutagenic effects. Reverse mutation was not shown at all concentrations of SRE, regardless of application of the metabolic activation system. In the chromosomal aberration test, one of the SRE sample gave a suspicious positive result at 250 μg/ml in the presence of S-9 mix. For the more adequate evaluation of the genotoxic potential of SRE samples, other in vivo genotoxicity study is needed.

단보 : Chinese Hamster Lung Cell의 소핵시험을 이용한 식물추출물 유기농업자재의 유전독성평가

조현조 ( Hyeon Jo Cho ),박경훈 ( Kyung Hun Park ),정미혜 ( Mi Hye Jeong ),박수진 ( Soo Jin Park ),오진아 ( Jin Ah Oh ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),조남준 ( Nam Jun Cho ),류재기 ( Jae Gee Ryu ),백민경 ( Min Kyoung Paik ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.2

BACKGROUND: Azadirachta Indica extract(AIE) and Sophorae radix extract(SRE) are widely used as environment-friendly organic materials of plant origin in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the in vitro micronucleus(vitMN) tests of two samples of AIE and SRE were conducted to evaluate their genotoxicity using the Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cell. This study was composed of two parts; cytochalasin B(cyto B) test and non-cyto B test. Mitomycin C and colchicine were used as positive controls. As a result, the incidence of micronucleus(MN) in all AIE and SRE treated groups increased in dose- dependent manner, but were less than 2.2% in 1,000 binucleated cells. In addition, there were no significant increases of MN incidence in all AIE and SRE treated groups, compared with the negative control group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we suggest that AIE samples and SRE samples used in this study may have no genotoxicity in the in vitro micronucleus test using the CHL cells. In our previous study, we reported that AIE and SRE did not cause genotoxicity in Ames test. According to the genotoxicity battery system, we concluded that AIE and SRE used in this study have no genotoxic effects to humans.

한국 부산광역시 수영구 지역 해안 대수층 내의 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동에 대한 도시화의 영향 삼차원 수치 모의

조현조,김준모,Cho, Hyeon-Jo,Kim, Jun-Mo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2009 지하수토양환경 Vol.14 No.6

한국 부산광역시 수영구 지역 해안 대수층 내의 밀도 의존적 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동에 대한 도시화의 영향을 효과적으로 모사하고 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 하나의 범용 다차원 수리동역학적 분산 수치 모델을 이용한 일련의 삼차원 수치 모델링이 수행되었다. 먼저 모든 도시화 요소들을 고려한 수치 모델링 보정을 통해 확립된 연구 지역해안 대수층의 지층 물성을 가지고, 도시화 요소들을 모두 고려하지 않은 도시화 이전의 지하수 유동과 염분 이동에 대한 정상 상태 수치 모델링을 수행하였다. 그 다음에 도시화 요소들을 개별적으로 그리고 통합적으로 고려한 도시화 이후의 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동에 대한 비정상 상태 수치 모델링을 수행하였다. 그리고 두 수치 모델링 결과를 서로 비교하고 분석하였다. 수치 모델링 결과는 해안 대수층 내의 밀도 의존적 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동 그리고 해수 침투가 이러한 도시화 요소들에 의해 크게 그리고 광범위하게 영향을 받음을 보여준다. 특히 이러한 도시화 요소들은 해안 대수층 내의 총지하수량 및 총염분량의 변화를 초래한다. 그러나 각 도시화 요소의 그러한 영향은 공간적으로 균일하지 않고 국부적으로 차별적이다. A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations using a generalized multidimensional hydrodynamic dispersion numerical model is performed to simulate effectively and to evaluate quantitatively impacts of urbanization on density-dependent groundwater flow and salt transport in a coastal aquifer system, Suyeong-Gu, Busan, Korea. A series of steady-state numerical simulations of groundwater flow and salt transport before urbanization with material properties of geologic formations, which are established by numerical modeling calibrations considering all the urbanization factors, is performed first without considering all the urbanization factors. A series of transient-state numerical simulations of groundwater flow and salt transport after urbanization is then performed considering the urbanization factors individually and all together. Finally, the results of both numerical simulations are compared with each other and analyzed. The results of the numerical simulations show that density-dependent groundwater flow, salt transport, and seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer system are intensively and extensively impacted by the urbanization factors. Especially, these urbanization factors result in the changes of the total groundwater volume and salt mass in the coastal aquifer system. However, such impacts of each urbanization factor are not spatially uniform but locally different.

마이크로파를 적용한 에너지 효율적인 오염토양 정화를 위한 예비연구

함석진,양인호,오현상,조현조,김건인,정상조,Ham, Seok-Jin,Yang, In-Ho,Oh, Hyun-Sang,Cho, Hyeon-Jo,Kim, Gun-In,Jeong, Sang-Jo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2011 지하수토양환경 Vol.16 No.3

A preliminary study for energy efficient soil heating and contaminant removal using microwave was conducted. Soils sampled from floodplain were heated with microwave oven, and soil heating property and energy efficiency were compared to those heated with electrical furnace. In addition the effects of water, soil organic matter, and contaminated diesel on soil heating with microwave were investigated. Even though the electrical power consumption of electrical furnace and microwave oven were similar, temperature of soil heated with microwave oven was significantly higher than that of soil heated with electrical furnace. The increase of soil moisture content delays the raise of soil temperature during heating it with microwave oven. However, the effects of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (<10%) in contaminated soil matrix and small amount of soil organic matter (<5%) on the increase of soil temperature by microwave were not significant. Further studies for contaminated soils with different texture using pilot scale microwave reactor are required for application of this technique in the field.

님추출물의 in vitro 항돌연변이원성 및 유전독성 영향

윤현주 ( Hyun Joo Yoon ),조현조 ( Hyeon Jo Cho ),김진효 ( Jin Hyo Kim ),박경훈 ( Kyung Hun Park ),길근환 ( Geun Hwan Gil ),오진아 ( Jin Ah Oh ),조남준 ( Nam Jun Cho ),백민경 ( Min Kyoung Paik ) 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.57 No.3

Azadirachta indica extract (AIE) has been regarded asa promising source of environment-friendly organic materialsowing to their low mammalian toxicity. However, quite a bit ofresearch has been reported that AIE may cause clastogens inhuman lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was conducted toevaluate the antimutagenic and genotoxicity of two samples ofAIE. Antimutagenic test was experimented by using bacterialreverse mutation test. In the bacterial reverse mutation test, fivestrains Salmonella Typhimurim of two samples of AIE in order toevaluate its mutagenic potential. Bacterial reverse mutation testwas also performed on positive control and negative controlgroups in the presence of the metabolic activation system (S-9mix) and metabolic non-activation system. In the chromosomeaberration test, Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to AIEfor 6 or 24 h with BPS, or for 6 h with S-9 mix. Negative andpositive control groups were experimented for chromosomeaberration test. As a result, the number of mutated coloniesinduced by 4-NQO were reduced by AIE treatment in all strains, indicating that AIE may have antimutagenic effects. Bacterialreverse mutation and chromosomal aberration were not shown atall concentration of AIE, regardless of activation of the metabolicsystem. we concluded that two AIE samples used in this studyhave no genotoxic effects to human, according to the genotoxicitybattery system suggested by ICH (International Conference onHarmonization).

님추출물의 경구투여에 따른 랫드의 신장독성 연구

윤현주 ( Hyun Joo Yoon ),최미선 ( Mi Seon Choe ),조현조 ( Hyeon Jo Cho ),한범석 ( Beom Seok Han ),박경훈 ( Kyung Hun Park ),오진아 ( Jin Ah Oh ),조남준 ( Nam Jun Cho ),백민경 ( Min Kyoung Paik ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.2

BACKGROUND: Azadirachta indica has been widely used as environment-friendly organic materials because of its insecticidal properties. This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and the subacute toxicity of Azadirachta indica extract(AIE) in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: For the oral acute toxicity test, Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with 2.0 g/Kg bw of AIE. The LD50 value was greater than 2.0 g/Kg bw for both male and female rats. For the subacute toxicity study, rats were treated with AIE at doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/Kg bw once a day for 4 weeks(n=10 animals per each group). There were no significant changes in body weight, food intake and water consumption observed during the experimental duration. In addition, no difference of relative kidney weight was observed among all treated groups. Serum creatinine level in the AIE 2.0 g/Kg group increased significantly compared with that of control group in male rats, but serum blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Significant increase of serum cholesterol levels were observed in all AIE groups, compared with the control group, in the female rats (P<0.05). However, histopathological examination of the kidney did not reveal any significant lesions in all groups. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, it could be concluded that oral administration AIE didn`t cause any toxic response in kidney, except the increased serum cholesterol.

야생 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y28을 이용하여 제조한 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주의 이화학적 특성 및 향기성분

이희율,서원택,정성훈,황정은,안민주,이애련,신지현,이주영,조현국,조계만,Lee, Hee Yul,Seo, Weon Taek,Jeong, Seong Hoon,Hwang, Chung Eun,Ahn, Min Ju,Lee, Ae Ryeon,Shin, Ji Hyun,Lee, Joo Young,Jo, Hyeon Kook,Cho, Kye Man 한국미생물학회 2016 미생물학회지 Vol.52 No.1

본 연구에서는 야생 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y28을 이용하여 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주 제조를 위해 과즙의 효소 처리 조건 확립, 참다래-대봉감 비율별 알코올 발효 특성 및 향기성분 분석을 조사하였다. 최적 효소 처리 조건은 참다래는 0.3%, 1시간이었고 대봉감은 0.3%, 3시간이었다. 참다래-대봉감 혼합과실주의 pH는 발효 후 3.69-3.77로 거의 변화가 없었고, 산도는 발효 후 증가하여 1.51-2.07%로 있었으나, 대봉감 첨가량이 증가할수록 산도는 낮았다. Brix 및 환원당은 발효 후 감소하여 각각 $8.8-9.6^{\circ}brix$ 및 6.07-6.90 g/L 있었다. 혼합과일주의 주요 유기산은 tartaric acid, malic acid 및 citric acid 있었고, 유리당 sucrose 및 glucose은 미량 검출되었다. 발효 후 수용성 phenolics 함량 감소하고 상대적으로 갈변도는 증가하여 각각 1.00-1.25 g/L 및 0.212-0.412 수준이었다. 주요 향기성분으로 ethyl acetate와 hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl가 있으며 장미와 유사한 향을 가지는 phenylethyl alcohol 또한 모든 시료에서 검출되었다. 관능평가 결과, 참다래:대봉감(7:3) 혼합과실주가 다른 비율 혼합과실주보다는 기호성이 약간 우수하였다. The study was aimed to investigate the mixing ratio of kiwi and persimmon juices for the production of good quality wine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y28. Firstly, the optimum condition of rapidase treatment for the kiwi and persimmon juices was established, thereafter various mixing ratio (10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5) of kiwi and persimmon was investigated regarding physiochemical properties and flavor compounds of wine. As the result, the optimum conditions were obtained as 0.3% rapidase for 1 h in kiwi and 0.3% rapidase for 3 h in persimmon. According to higher ration of persimmon, the pH of wines increased from 3.69 to 3.77, while the acidity of wines decreased from 2.07% to 1.51% at 14 days fermentation. The ranges of brix and reducing sugar in wines were decreased which ranges around 9.6 to 8.8 and 6.07 to 6.90 g/L, respectively, after fermentation. Major organic acid in wines were identified as tartaric acid, malic acid, and citric acid. A small amount of free sugar such as sucrose and glucose were detected in wines, but fructose was completely absent. The soluble phenolic contents were decreased that ranges around 1.00 to 1.25 g/L, in contrast, browning degree were increased ranges around 0.212 to 0.412 after fermentation. The major flavor components were identified as ethyl acetate and hydrazine, and 1,1-dimethyl. Importantly, phenylethyl alcohol was detected from the all wines that have a typical rose like flavor. But sensory test results and preference of kiwi-persimmon (7:3) mixing wine was better than the other wines.

Methyl tert-Butyl Ether 오염 지하수 처리를 위한 실험실 규모 초음파 분해 시스템 연구

김희석 ( Hee Seok Kim ),양인호 ( In Ho Yang ),조현조 ( Hyeon Jo Cho ),허남국 ( Nam Guk Her ),정상조 ( Sang Jo Jeong ) 한국물환경학회 2010 한국물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.5

황토유황합제의 pH차이에 따른 급성독성평가

백민경(Min-Kyoung Paik),심창기(Chang-Ki Shim),이제봉(Je-Bong Lee),오진아(Jin-Ah Oh),정미혜(Mi-Hye Jeong),김두호(Doo-Ho Kim),김민정(Min-Jeong Kim),지형진(Hyeong-Jin Jee),최은지(Eun-Ji Choi),조현조(Hyeon-Jo Cho) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Loess-sulfur complex has been widely used as an environmental friendly organic materials for insecticides and fungicides in crop cultivation. However, there are high concerns about skin and eye irritation for farm workers due to the high alkaline properties of loess-sulfur complex. The acute toxicity evaluation was conducted with three samples of loess-sulfur complex in different pH (pH 9, 10, 11) in order to supply the evidentiary data for selecting the optimal product among the test materials. The results of acute oral toxicity using rats showed LD₅₀ of over 2,000 mg/kg b.w. for all three samples of loess-sulfur complex. The calculated acute dermal LD₅₀ of all tested materials was over 4,000 mg/kg b.w.. The Skin and eye irritation indicated that all tested materials have no irritation. Consequently, it was suggested that loess-sulfur complex be low in acute toxicity at all different pH values (pH 9~11).