Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide 생합성에 미치는 Cycloheximide의 영향

조용호,Cho, Yong-Ho 생화학분자생물학회 1972 한국생화학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The effects of cycloheximide on the biosynthesis of hepatic NAD from nicotinamide have been investigated in mice by following the changes in the level of NAD and observing the incorporation of nicotinamide-7-$^{14}C$ into the biosynthetic intermediates of NAD, namely, niacin mononucleotide, desamido-NAD and NAD. Cycloheximide (1 mg/kg) inhibited markedly the increase in the hepatic NAD induced by nicotinamide (500 mg/kg). Cycloheximide when given alone, however, did not cause any change in the normal levels of liver NAD. The analysis for the incorporation of nicotinamide-7-$^{14}C$ into biosynthetic precursors of NAD revealed that cycloheximide inhibited the increased biosynthesis of NAD induced by nicotinamide by causing the accumulation of desamido-NAD and niacin mononucleotide in livers. It is suggested from these results that cycloheximide inhibits hepatic NAD biosynthesis from nicotinamide by blocking mainly the enzyme system that converts desamido-NAD to NAD, e.g., NAD synthetase. Nicotinamide로부터 NAD가 생합성되는데 미치는 cycloheximide의 영향을 보기 위하여 mouse에 nicotinamide와 cycloheximide를 투여한 후에 간 NAD량을 측정하고, 또 동시에 nicotinamide-7-$^{14}C$이 NAD 생합성계의 중간체(niacin mononucleotide와 desamido-NAD)와 NAD에 진입되는 율을 관찰하였다. Nicotinamide 투여에 의한 간 NAD의 증량은 cycloheximide(1mg/kg)로 말미암아 현저히 억제되었다. 그러나 cycloheximide 단독 투여는 간의 정상 NAD량에 아무런 영향을 주지 아니 하였다. Nicotinamide-7-$^{14}C$이 NAD합성 중간체에 진입되는 양상을 분석한 결과 cycloheximide는 nicotinamide로부터 생성되는 desamido-NAD와 niacin mononucleotide의 축척을 가져오므로써 nicotinamide 유발의 NAD 증량을 억제함을 알 수 있었고, 따라서 cycloheximide는 주로 NAD 생합성 효소계 중 desamido-NAD가 NAD로 전환되는 반응에 억제적으로 작용함이 시사되었다.

뇌 Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase Isozyme에 미치는 Cycloheximide의 영향

조용호,Cho, Yong-Ho 생화학분자생물학회 1972 한국생화학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Mouse 뇌의 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) isozyme에 미치는 cycloheximide의 영향을 관찰하였다. GOT의 supernatant (extramitochondrial) isozyme 은 cycloheximide (1 mg/kg)를 복강내 주입한 후 2시간~4시간에 약 20~30% 억제하였으며 그 후로는 점차 활성이 정상으로 회복되었다. 이에 대하여 mitochondrial isozyme은 cycloheximide에 의하여 아무런 영향도 받지 아니하였다. Cycloheximide는 뇌 GOT-isozyme 중 가용성 분획의 GOT 동위효소단백의 생합성을 선태척으로 억제하였으며, 기존된 supernatant isozyme이 mitochondria 것에 비하여 조절적 기능이 보다 더 잘 발휘 될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Of the two isozymes of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in mouse brain, only the supernatant (extramitochondrial) isozyme was inhibited 20~30% at 2 to 4 hours after the intraperitoneal injection of cycloheximide (1 mg/kg) into mice. By contrast, the mitochondrial one was not affected at all by cycloheximide. It was suggested that the diminution of the supernatant isozyme activity might be caused by the inhibition of the biosynthesis of the enzyme GOT. And the supernatant isozyme of the brain GOT is more regulatory than the mitochondrial one.

정상 성인의 손목관절 위치가 파악력에 미치는 영향

조용호,황윤태,이미영,김종열,Cho, Yong-Ho,Hwang, Yoon-Tae,Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, Jong-Ryul 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wrist position on grip strength. A Grip-Strength is measurement of muscle strength in hand. It is evaluated for the motor function and handicap of hand, projection of treatment plan. It is important because correct treatment. Methods: Total 80 college students were participated in this study, who consisted of 40 males and 40 females(age range: $20{\sim}26$). A Grip-Strength Dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in three wrist position(flexion, extension, neutral position) and two elbow position(supination, pronation). The ANOVA was conducted to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the wrist position and the two elbow position. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The grip strength was affected by wrist position changes. 2. The difference of grip strength according to elbow position Was not significant difference (p>0.01). 3. The grip strength i1l neutral position was strongest among 3 position of wrist (p<0.01). Conclusion: A Grip-Strength was significant difference in wrist position. Pronation position was minimum grip-strength but not significant difference between supination and pronation.

여성 노인의 발목 각도에 따른 하지근육의 근활성도 변화

조용호,최진호,Cho, Yong-Ho,Choi, Jin-Ho 대한물리치료학회 2009 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: To better understand falls in elderly women, we measured differences in muscle activities of 4 lower extremity muscles (tibialis anterior, soleus, rectus femoris, biceps femoris) based on angle plantar-flexion in elderly women. Methods: Subjects were 15 healthy elderly women. No subjects had musculoskeletal or nervous disorders. EMGs were used to check muscle activity of lower extremity muscles. For statistic analysis, data were expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). We measured %MVIC for 5 sec under 4 conditions and did not use data for the first and last second. Muscle activities of the muscles of the lower extremities were measured based on the degree of plantar-flexion of the ankle joint. The 4 conditions corresponded to different degrees of: 0, 10, 20 and 30 degrees. This was done using a 50 cm board for measuring the degrees. Results: The tibialis anterior, soleus, and bicpes femoris showed increasing muscle activity associated with increasing degree of plantar-flexion of the ankle joint. All muscles showed a significant increase in muscle activities in association with increasing degrees. Rectus femoris showed a significant increase in muscle activity for 0 degrees and for the other degrees, but there were no further changes when plantar flexion of the ankle joint was over 10 degrees. Conclusion: Activities of the muscles of the lower extremities except rectus femoris were higher with increasing degree of plantar flexion. High muscle activity may result in muscle fatigue. Thus, increasing degree of plantar flexion may be risk factors of falls in elderly women.

갯기름나물의 근(根)과 경엽(莖葉)의 면역 및 항암 활성 비교연구

조용호,Cho, Yong-Ho 대한한방피부미용학회 2005 대한한방피부미용학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This study compared the activity of the aerial part of P. japonicum with its root in order to examine the possibility of the medicinal use of the aerial part, which has not been used as medicine, in substitute for the root that has traditionally been used as medicine. For this purpose, the author measured the proliferation of Human $CD4^-$ T cells, which are related to immunity, the differentiation of HL-60 cells, and the contents of IL-6, IgE and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and compared their anti-cancer effect on Hep3B and A549 cells. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As for Human $CD4^-$ T cells, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the aerial part promoted the proliferation of the cells 1.8 times higher while $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the root did by 1.76 times higher compared to the control group. 2. As for HL-60 cells, methanol extract and water extract from the aerial part showed differentiation 1.14 times higher and 1.12 times higher respectively while methanol extract and water extract from the root did 1.14 times higher and 1.07 times higher compared to tile control group. 3. Cell density was highest on Day 4 of culture in all samples, Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed activities of $7.9{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.5{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did activities of $5.3{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.1{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$. 4. The secretion of IL-6 was highest on Day 4 of culture. Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed secretions of $6.7{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.2{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did secretions of as high as $7.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$. 5. As for the production of IgE, water extract from the root effectively inhibited the product at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, methanol extract from the root at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, water extract from the aerial at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and methanol extract from the aerial part at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 6. According to the result of measuring the content of $TNF-{\alpha}$, methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effect at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 7. As for liver cancer cell Hep3B, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 78% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 56% and 59%. 8. As for lung cancer cell A549, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 75% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 48% and 45%. The results of this study presented above show that the aerial part of P. japonicum has immunizing and anti-cancer effects as high as its root, which has commonly been used as medicine. There should be more in-depth research on the aerial part of P. japonicum in the future.

美湖川流域 百濟漢城化 過程 硏究

조용호(Cho Yong Ho)(趙龍鎬) 중앙문화재연구원 2005 중앙고고연구 Vol.0 No.1

It seems that Mihocheon basin was advantageous area for human habitat from prehistoric time and is recognised to have a great possibility that Mokjiguk was located in it which was a dominant entity of Mahan state from Sahan states. As far as we understand, Paekche developed into a kingdom by absorbing and unifying political entities, called Mahan state. Mihocheon, upper part of Kum River, originates from Eum-seong and flows to Kum River while forming low hills and plains around it Under this circumstances, human habitats are scarce while burial sites are found quite a lot. As of 4thC, in Mihocheon basin, of Proto-three-Kindom period starts to disappear gradually and such a typical earthenwares as Yukeoho, Jiguho etc of HanSung Paekche period came to appear in the latter half of 4thC by being influenced by Han River basin culture. This change has something in common with that of political entities in Mihocheon. In this essay, various earthenwares of Mihocheon basin will be classified into certain types that can be compared with those of Han River basin, and the characteristics of the polity of this area will be understood through examination of metalwork discovered in burial sites. In Chapter 2, present research condition on Paekche tomb and earthenware are examined. In Chapter 3, it classifies Mihocheon basin into 3 stages according to the existence of Yukeoho and Gwangujakeoho by focusing on HanSung Paekche pottery. In Chapter 4, polities of the groups of Mihocheon basin are studied through ironware and ornament except earthware. accordingly, it is understood that four groups were formed in large in Mihocheon basin. In first period each of the three groups developed into independent polity. Cheon-an where Yongwon-ri site is located in second period and Cheong-ju, Cheong-won where Sindong-don, Jusung-ri remains sites are placed in third period are understood to have been comparatively advanced political entities. As a result, in the first Mihocheon period each formed independent polity through opposition and harmonization within the frame of by organizing relatively independent politics and culture. In the second period it is understood that indirect control of HanSung Paekche was possible via local chiefs when judged by artifacts granted from central government. In the third period it is recognized that the central government, HanSung Paekche directly ruled the Mihocheon basin. Artifacts of Silla are discovered in Mihocheon basin though during the period between the year 475 when Koguryo destroyed HanSung Paekche and 6thC when Silla installed Seowonkyeong in Cheong-ju. As time passed, HanSung Paekche's power slowly weakened as Jinheu king of silla drove territory expansion policy. 美湖川流域은 先史時代부터 인간의 거주가 유리했던 것으로 판단되며, 三韓時代에는 馬韓의 주세력인 目支國이 위치하였을 가능성이 높은 지역으로 인식되고 있다. 美湖川은 錦江의 한 지류로서 충청북도 음성에서 발원하여 금강 본류에 합류되는 천으로 주변에는 얖은 구릉과 작은 水系로 형성되어 주변은 충적대지를 이루고 있다. 이러한 지형적 조건은 대부분이 고분만 다수 확인될 뿐 생활유적은 소수에 불과한 상태이다. 4세기에 접어들면서 미호천유역은 백제한성의 영향을 받으면서 이전의 原三國時代의 대표적 기종으로 알려진 圓底短頸壺는 점차 사라지게되고, 4세기 중반경에 백제 한성시대의 주요기종인 有肩壺, 直口壺 등의 전형적인 百濟土器가 등장한다. 미호천유역에서 위와 같은 변화는 곧 토착세력의 변화와 일맥상통하며, 이 글에서는 토기 가운데 한강유역과 비교할 수 있는 기종을 대상으로 형식을 분류하고, 금공품의 부장현황을 살펴 지역의 토착세력의 성격을 살펴보려 하였다. 그리하여 지금까지 백제고분 및 토기에 대한 연구사를 검토하여 선학들이 공통적으로 백제토기로 인식하고 있는 유견호, 광구장경호, 직구단경호 병, 파배, 난형호 등을 형식분류하였다. 그리하여 형식의 분류를 바탕으로 미호천유역을 3단계로 구분하였고 형식의 동반관계를 통하여 有肩壺와 廣口長頸壺의 有無에 따라 3시기로 설정하였다. IV장에서는 이러한 시기 구분을 바탕으로 철기류, 금공품의 동반관계를 통하여 미호천유역의 토착세력의 성격을 파악하였다. 그 결과 미호천유역은 크게 4개의 지역집단이 형성되었 던 것으로 판단되었는데 그 중 I기는 각기 세 집단이 독자적인 성격을 형성하였고, II기는 용원리유적이 위치한 천안지역이, III기는 선봉동, 주성리유적이 속한 청주, 청원지역이 비교적 상위 집단으로 보여진다. 그런데 이러한 4개 지역들은 I기에는 유견호를 통한 백제한성의 문화적 동질감은 형성하고 있지만 뚜렷한 백제화의 현상은 보이지 않는다. II기에 접어들어 장식대도 및 수식부 이식으로 보아 지방의 수장들에 의해 백제한성의 간접지배가 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. III기는 완전히 백제한성의 중앙에서의 본격적인 지배가 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 475년 고구려에 의해 백제한성이 멸망하고, 6세기에 접어들어 신라가 청주지역에 서원경을 설치하기 이전에 이미 미호천유역에서는 신라적 위세품이 확인되며, 진흥왕의 팽창정책으로 인하여 백제한성의 입지는 점점 약화되어졌다.

현장 노동요로서의 「靈廟寺丈六像 塑造時 風謠」연구

조용호(Cho Yong Ho) 서강대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 서강인문논총 Vol.0 No.43

본고는 『삼국유사』 에 기록된 「塑造時風謠」를 새롭게 해독하고 해석한 것이다. 서론에서는 기왕의 해독과 해석들이 지닌 중대한 문제점들을 제시하였고, 본론은 「양지사석」조의 관련 기사를 면밀하게 분석하는 것으로 출발하였다. 그 결과 이 노래는 양지가 장륙상을 만들 때 처음 불리게 된 일종의 토목 노동요라는 사실을 분명하게 확인할 수 있었다. 다음에는 이런 사실을 바탕으로 가사를 해독하고 해석하는 작업을 수행하였다. 노래에 가장 많이 나오는 어휘는 ‘來如’인데, 기왕에는 이것을 대개 ‘오다come’ 라는 실질적 의미를 가진 낱말로 읽어왔었다. 하지만 나는 이것을 ‘오~가’ 라고 해독하고, 그것이 단지 무거운 물건을 들거나 끌어올릴 때 구호로 사용하는 감탄사라는 견해를 제시했다. 그리고 늘 ‘서럽다’ 는 뜻으로 읽히곤 했던 ‘哀反’은 ‘슬 □(用處)’를 표기한 것으로 해석했다. 이런 해독과 해석은 노래의 성격과도 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로는 이 노래가 어떤 상황에서 처음으로 불렸을지 추정하였다. 그 결과 두 패로 나뉜 여러 명의 일꾼들이 양지가 작업하는 비계 위까지 흙통을 끌어올리면서 불렀을 것이라고 보았다.「풍요」는 단순하지만 중독성이 강했고, 그로 인해 질긴 생명력과 다른 노동에서도 사용될 수 있는 가변성을 지닌 노래였다. 이 때문에 신라에서 발생한 이 노래는 점점 활용도가 넓어져 고려시대에는 방아타령으로 사용되기도 하였다. This essay is for a new decipherment and interpretation of Pung-yo(?風謠?) written in Sam-guk-yu-sa(『三國遺事』). Firstly I suggested crucial problems in existing researches, and then thoroughly analyzed the song-related details in Yang-ji-sa-seok.(?良志使錫?: Yang-ji is a name of a Buddhist monk. Yang-ji-sa-seok means that the monk, Yang-ji, makes his pilgrim’s staff fly into the air.) As a result of the analysis, I manifestly ascertained that Pung-yo was a sort of civil engineering work song firstly sung when Yang-ji made a Jang-ryuk-sang.(丈六像: Jang-ryuk-sang means a huge statue of the Buddha.) Secondly, on the base of prior analysis, I deciphered and interpreted the lyric of Pung-yo. The most frequently written word in the song was ‘Yeo-re’(如來), which had been usually red as ‘O-da’(오다: O-da means ‘come’.) in existing researches. I thought the word must be read as ‘O-ga’ and interpreted it as an exclamation like ‘alley-oop’ used when people lifted up something heavy. ‘Ae-ban’(哀反) had been always translated as ‘Seo-reop-da’(서럽다 : Seo-reop-da means ‘be sad’.), but I regarded the word as a transcription of ‘Seul-de’.(슬 ?: Seul-de means ‘usefulness’.) This interpretation corresponded with features of the song. In conclusion, I assumed in what kind of situation the song had been sung firstly. In the story of Yang-ji, he made the statue on a falsework. So I thought the song was sung when several workers, who were divided in two part, raised buckets filled with mud to Yang-ji. Pung-yo was simple but highly addictive, therefore it had a tenacious life force and an outstanding variability for another working situation. For this reason, Pung-yo which was born in the Sil-la dynasty gradually became more available song for many different situation like ‘Bang-a-ta-ryeong’(방아타령: It is a miller’s song.) in the Go-ryeo dynasty.

갯기름나물의 근과 경엽의 면역 및 항암 활성 비교 연구

조용호 ( Yong Ho Cho ),성낙술 ( Nak Sul Seong ),함인혜 ( In Hye Ham ),최호영 ( Ho Young Choi ) 대한본초학회 2004 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

최근 판례 및 법원의 입장에서 본 인근유사토지의 정상거래가격과 보상평가선례에 의한 보정에 관하여

조용호(Cho, Yong Ho) 한국부동산연구원 1997 부동산연구 Vol.7 No.1

財産權의 保障에 관한 憲法상의 完全補償의 原則에 따라 土地收用으로 인한 損失補償額을 평가함에 있어 土地收用法에서 규정하고 있는 항목 이외에도 地價形成에 영향을 미치는 要因은 其他事項으로서 참작할 수 있을 것이고, 그러한 요인으로는 과거부터 隣近類似土地의 正常去來價格, 補償評價先例 및 隣近土地의 呼價時勢 등이 거론되어 왔다. 특히 地價制度가 基準地價制度에서 公示地價制度로 근본적으로 변화한 것과 함께 토지수용법에서의 인근유사토지의 정상거래가격 에 관한 규정 역시 여러차례 바뀌었다. 이러한 法令과 制度의 변천과 관련하여 토지수용으로 인한 손실보상액 산정시 인근유사토지의 정상거래가격의 참작 여부에 관하여 법률상 많은 문제점이 있다. 그 參酌의 可否, 그 槪念 내지 該當性의 判斷基準, 참작할 수 있다고 할 경우 그 立證의 程度, 去來事例를 당사자가 主張·立證한 경우 법원이 이에 대하여 반드시 판단하여야 하는지 , 그 去來價格에 開發利益이 포함되어 있는 경우 이를 공제하고 참작할 수 있는지 등이 그것이다. 本稿에서는 이러한 토지수용법상의 손실보상액 산정시 필요적 참작요인 외에 기타 지가형성에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서의 인근유사토지의 정상거래가격, 보상평가선례 및 인근토지의 호가시세를 참작할 수 있는지에 관하여 判例를 중심으로 살펴봄으로써, 이들 諸要因을 鑑定評價書에 어떻게 반영하여야 법원으로부터 合理的인 評價方法으로 받아들여질 것인지에 관하여 살펴보고자 한다.

豊饒祈願 노래로서의 「龜旨歌」연구

조용호(Cho Yong-ho) 서강대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 서강인문논총 Vol.0 No.27

이 논문은「구지가」의 의미를 탐구할 목적으로 집필되었다. 이를 위해 우선 수로왕 신화에 흡수되어 있는「구지가」의 자체 문맥을 분리하였다. 이어서 ‘계욕일’과 ‘구지봉’에 특별히 주목하여, 수로왕 이전부터 구지봉에서는 해마다 계욕일에 제의가 행해졌다고 보았다. 「구지가」의 제2행은 의문문으로, 제4행은 시위를 하겠다는 의미를 포함한 청원으로 보는 번역을 하였다. 의미도 새로 해석하여 ‘首’는 파종한 곡식이 움틀때 달고 나오는 본래의 형상을 지칭한다고 하였고, ‘燔灼’은 ‘환하게 불 밝히다’는 뜻이며 ‘喫’은 ‘고함치다’는 뜻의 ‘??’자와 통한다고 보았다. 「구지가」는 가야인들이 곡식을 파종한 뒤에 몸과 마음을 정결히 하고, 몸짓과 말이라는 이중적인 수단을 통해서, 왕성한 생식력을 의미하는 3월 상사일에, 다산성을 상징하는 거북을 닮은 구지봉 위에서, 매년 풍요를 기원하는 계욕 제의를 거행하면서 불렀던 노래라는 것이 본고의 요지이다. This essay was written for illuminating the assertion that Gu-ji-ga was the song of praying for richness. For establishing a base of argument, I firstly divided a context of Gu-ji-ga from the birth myth of King Su-ro. Secondly, I especially observed Gu-ji-bong as a place of ritual and ‘Gye-yok-il’(‘il’ means ‘day’) as a date of ritual. I suggested that Gu-ji-bong was the religious place for performing a sacred ritual and built in an age being prior to appearance of King Suro, and that the divine ritual was performed in this place on the day of ‘Gyeyok’ in every year. In the next chapter, I newly translated Gu-ji-ga in modern Korean. The translation was differentiated from other translations in previous studies in terms of defining the second line of verse not as an imperative sentence but as an interrogative sentence, and interpreting the forth line as a petition not as a strong threat implying the statement, ‘We will catch, grill, and eat you, turtle!’. Therefore I entirely reinterpreted the poem. I thought that ‘Su(首)’ on the second line indicated the figure of sprouting seed of grain, ‘Beon-jak(燔灼)’ on the forth line signified an act lighting with fire, and a meaning of ‘Kkik(喫)’ corresponded to ‘Gyo(??)’ having a meaning of ‘shout’. Consequently speaking, the people of Ga-ya purified their body and spirit after sowing seed of grain in spring, and annually performed the ‘Ge-yok ritual’ praying for richness on the top of Gu-ji-bong, which was similar to a turtle being considered as a symbol of fertility. Gu-ji-ga was just the song that was sung in the ritual by means of gestures and speeches on the day of ‘Ge-yok’ (Sang-sa-il on March) meaning a flourishing virility.