넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)육의 사후조기변화 -6. 치사 방법이 근원섬유의 형태학적 및 육의 조직학적인 변화에 미치는 영향-

조영제,이남걸,김육용,김재현,이근우,김근배,최영준,CHO Young-Je,LEE Nam-Geoul,KIM Yuck-Yong,KIM Jae-Hyun,LEE Keun-Woo,KIM Geon-Bae,CHOI Young-Joon 한국수산과학회 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

치사 방법을 달리하여 치사한 넙치육을 $5^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 치사 방법이 육의 파괴강도의 변화에 미치는 원인을 규명하기 위하여, 근원섬유의 형태학적인 변화 그리고 근육의 조직학적인 변화에 대하여 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육의 파괴강도의 상승은 전기 자극사에서 가장 빠르고 최대값도 높았으며, 마취사에서 파괴강도가 최대로 되는 시간이 가장 연장되었다. 2. 근원섬유의 형태학적인 변화는 즉살 직후에는 근절내의 A대, H대, I대 그리고 Z선이 확실히 구별되었으나, 즉살한 시료는 저장 10시간후에 A대 중앙부의 H대 구별이 화실하지 않았으며, I대 간격이 좁아졌음이 관찰되었다. 마취사시킨 시료는 저장 15시간후에도 A대 중앙부의 H대가 희미하게 관찰되었다. 한편 전기 자극사시킨 시료는 치사 직후에 A대 중앙부의 H대의 구별이 불가능하였으며 I대의 간격이 좁아져있었다. 3. 근육의 조직학적인 변화는, 즉살 직후에는 세포와 세포의 간격이 전혀 관찰되지 않았으나, 즉살 및 마취사에서는 각각 저장 15시간 및 24시간 후에 전체 세포 사이의 간격이 관찰되었다. 한편, 전기 자극사에서는 치사 직후에 세포 사이에 약간의 간격이 관찰되었을 뿐만 아니라. 저장 2.5시간후에 전체의 세포 사이에 간격이 넓어졌다. 이상의 결과로 부터, 사후 조기에 육의 파괴강도의 변화는 myosin과 actin의 결합에 의한 장력의 발생 및 세포외 matrix구조의 파괴와 깊은 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다. This study was undertaken to clarify the effect of killing methods on the morphological and histological changes of plaice, Paralichthys olivaceus muscle at early stage after killing. Killed samples by the three different methods were stored at $5^{\circ}$, and the changes in breaking strength of muscle, morphological observation of myofibrils and histological observation of extracellular spaces through storage were monitored. Samples killed by electrifying in sea water showed the maximum value of breakin strength immediately after killing and then it dropped significantly(p<0.05) until 2.5hrs passed. Breaking strength of samples killed by spiking at the head instantly and dipping in sea water including anesthetic rose steadily over 10hrs and 15hrs after killing, respectively. In myofibrills prepared from dorsal muscles immediately after spiking at the head instantly, A-band, H-band, I-band, and Z-line in sarcomere were clearly distinguishable each other. Due to muscle contraction by electrical stimulation, it was impossible to distinguish H-band from I-band observed in sarcomere immediately after killing for samples killed by electrifying. But, in the cases of samples killed by spiking and dipping, H-band could be observed dimly until 10hrs and 15hrs storage. No extracellular space was observed among muscle cells immediately after spiking at the head instantly. Samples killed by spiking at the head instantly and dipping in sea water including anesthetic showed extracellular spaces among all muscle cells after 15hrs and 25hrs storage, respectively. The other hand, samples killed by electrifying in sea water (110V, 30sec.) showed a few extracellular spaces immediately after killing and then it showed extracellular spaces among all muscle cells after 2.5hrs storage.

넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)육의 사후 조기 변화 -4. 치사 방법이 육의 사후 경직도와 파괴 강도에 미치는 영향-

조영제,이남걸,김육용,김재현,최영준,김건배,이근우,CHO Young-Je,LEE Nam-Geoul,KIM Yuck-Yong,KIM Jae-Hyun,CHOI Young-Joon,KIM Geon-Bae,LEE Keun-Woo 한국수산과학회 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

넙치를 시료로 치사 방법(즉살, 고민사, 마취사 및 전기 자극사)을 달리하여 치사시킨 후에 저장하면서 치사 조건이 사후 조기의 어육의 사후 경직도와 파괴 강도의 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사후 경직의 개시 시간은 전기 자극사와 고민사에서 현저히 단축되었고, 경직 개시 시간과 완전 경직 도달 시간은, 각각 전기 자극사일때 0시간과 9시간, 고민사일때 0시간과 13시간, 즉살일때 10시간과 36시간, 그리고 마취사일때 20시간과 56시간이었다. 2. 파괴 강도가 최대값에 도달하는 시간과 그 때의 값은 각각 전기 자극사일때 치사 직후에 $1,230.60{\pm}30.32g$, 고민사일때 2.5시간과 $1,235.83{\pm}35.37g$, 즉살일때 10시간과 $1,186.29{\pm}55.90g$, 그리고 마취사일때 15시간과 $1,189.67{\pm}50.32g$으로, 전기자극사와 고민사일때가 최대값이 높았고 그 저하 속도도 빨랐으며, 마취사일때는 파괴 강도가 최대로 되는 시간이 연장되었다. 3. 어체의 사후 경직도와 어육의 파괴 강도 사이에는 상관 관계가 없었으며, 사후 경직 개시기를 전후하여 파괴 강도가 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터, 활어를 전기 자극사시킴으로서 치사 직후에 육질을 단단하게 만들 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 또 마취사시키므로서 육질이 단단해지는 현상의 발생을 지연시킬 수 있으므로, 이런 방법들은 회맛의 향상 및 즉살 활어의 수송에 응용 가능할 것으로 사료된다. This study was undertaken to clarify the effect of killing methods on physical and rheological changes of plaice, Paralichthys olivaceus muscle at early period after death. Plaices killed by the four different methods(1. spiking at the brain instantly. 2. drowning in air. 3. dipping in 1,000ppm ethylaminobenzoate dissolved sea water as an anesthetic. 4. electrifying in sea water.) were stored at $5^{\circ}C$, and the rigor-index and breaking strength through storage were monitored. The longest onset time of rigor-mortis and full rigor was in the samples killed by dipping in sea water with dissolved anesthetic among all samples, where rigor-mortis began at 20hrs after killing and maximum tension was attained after 56hrs. However, in the cases of plaice electrified in sea water or drowned in air, the onset of rigor-mortis began just after killing and maximum tensions were attained after 9hrs and 13hrs, respectively. The level of breaking strength in the muscle of fish killed by spiking the brain instantly was $950.30{\pm}50.23g$, immediately after killing. The value and time reached around the maximum breaking strength for each of the samples were $1,230.60{\pm}30.32g$ and Ohr (immediately after killing) for samples killed by electrifying in sea water, $1,235.83{\pm}35.37g$ and 2.5hrs for drowning samples, $1,186.29{\pm}55.90g$ and 10hrs for spiking samples, and $1,189.67{\pm}50.32g$ and 15hrs for samples dipped in anesthetic, respectively. From the results above, it could be concluded that electrification in sea water is the most effective method in accelerating rigor-mortis and shortening times of reaching the maximum breaking strength of fresh plaice flesh of all the killing methods at early periods after death, whereas dipping in sea water treated with anesthetic was the most effective way in delaying those changes.

음식물 쓰레기를 이용한 퇴비가 감과육의 특성 및 저장성에 미치는 영향

조영제 ( Young Je Cho ),천성숙 ( Sung Sook Chun ),차원섭 ( Won Seup Cha ),박준희 ( Joon Hee Park ),오상룡 ( Sang Lyong Oh ),이원영 ( Won Young Lee ),김정환 ( Jeung Hoan Kim ),박재경 ( Jae Gyeong Park ) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2005 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.12 No.3

규칙적인 클럽활동 참가가 남자중학생의 신체적 자기효능감 변화에 미치는 영향

조영제(Young Jae Cho) 한국체육교육학회 2001 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical self-efficacy on regular club activity participation. Subjects were 48 junior high school students in 9th grades who were randomly divided into soccer group (24males), reading group(24males). All of the subjects performed their own activity program respectively during 16weeks, one-times a week and 60minutes a day. A 2×3(groups×times) analysis of variance with repeated measurement was computed for physical self-efficacy in regular club activity participation. The level of significancy of all hypothesis tests was α=.05. The conclusions were as follows: 1. There was significant difference between soccer group and reading group on the perceived physical ability scale. 2. There was significant difference between soccer group and reading group on the physical self-presentation confidence scale. 3. There was significant difference between soccer group and reading group on the physical self-efficacy scale. 4. There was interaction effect between groups and times on the physical self-efficacy scale perceived physical ability scale, physical self-presentation confidence scale.

초미세 분쇄한 감국으로부터 추출된 phenolic 화합물의 xanthine oxidase 저해 효과

조영제(Young-Je Cho),김병오(Byung-Oh Kim),박혜진(Hye-Jin Park),이은호(Eun-Ho Lee),조재범(Jae-Bum Jo),이재은(Jae-Eun Lee),임수빈(Su-Bin Lim),김예진(Ye-Jin Kim),박기태(Ki-Tae Park),최무영(Moo-Young Choi) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.8

본 연구에서 98종의 한약재로부터 인체에 무해한 물과 ethanol을 용매로 이용한 추출물에 대하여 xanthine oxidase (XOase)의 저해에 의한 통풍억제 효과를 측정한 결과 Chrysanthemum indicum L. (83.45%), Cuscuta chinensis (60.22%), Asiasarum sieboldi F. Maekawa (51.66%), Acorus gramineus (67.8%), Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum (75.23%), Thuja orientalis (47.27%), Polygonum aviculare (53.98%), Carthami semen (63.99%), Syzygium aromaticum (40.22%) 등이 비교적 높은 XOase 저해율을 나타내었다. 감국의 경우 물과 ethanol 추출물 모두에서 XOase 저해활성이 가장 높게 측정되어 시료로 선발되었다. 감국의 유효성분을 확인한 결과 단순 고형분보다 고형분에 포함된 phenolic 성분이 XOase 저해 효과에 관여함이 입증되었다. 효율적인 추출을 위한 분쇄조건은 일반분쇄보다는 초미세 분쇄한 시료에서 추출 수율이 높아짐이 확인되었다. 추출된 감국 추출물의 XOase 저해 활성은 ethanol 추출물이 물 추출물에 비해 상대적으로 높은 저해 활성을 나타내었으며, phenolics의 첨가농도가 높아지면서 XOase에 대한 저해 활성은 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 초미세 분쇄 기술은 감국으로부터 XOase 저해 물질의 추출 수율 증가를 목적으로 적용할 수 있는 기술로 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. In this study, the extracted phenolic compounds from 98 species of oriental herbal medicine were examined for biological activities to be used as functional resources. In particular, the anti-gout effect by xanthine oxidase (XOase) inhibition was determined using water and ethanol as extraction solvents because of their non-toxicity in the human body. The extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (83.45%), Cuscuta chinensis (60.22%), Asiasarum sieboldi F. Maekawa (51.66%), Acorus gramineus (67.8%), Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum (75.23%), Thuja orientalis (47.27%), Polygonum aviculare (53.98%), Carthami semen (63.99%), and Syzygium aromaticum (40.22%) showed relatively high XOase inhibitory activity. Chrysanthemum indicum L. was selected for its high XOase inhibitory activity. The biological compounds in Chrysanthemum indicum L. were identified to contain phenolics included in extracts of solids. Ultrafine grind technology showed a higher extraction yield than normal grind and fine grind technology. Ethanol extracts showed relatively higher XOase inhibitory activity than water extracts. XOase inhibitory activity increased in a dependent manner as phenolic concentration increased. Therefore, ultra- fine grind technology was confirmed for use in increasing the extraction yield of XOase inhibitory compounds from Chrysanthemum indicum L.. Extracts from Chrysanthemum indicum L. are expected to be a useful functional resource for the prevention or treatment of gout.

글로컬 아이덴티티

조영제(CHO Young Jae) 한국디자인산업연구센터 2004 IDCC Proceeding Vol.2004 No.9

Disciplinary Sport Sociology : 청소년의 정신건강과 사회적 적응과의 관계

조영제 ( Young Jae Cho ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.1

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Myricetin from Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. Flowers in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells

Moo-Young Choi(최무영),Shin-Hyup Hong(홍신협),Jun-Hyo Cho(조준효),Hye-Jin Park(박혜진),Jae-Bum Jo(조재범),Jae-Eun Lee(이재은),Dong-Hee Kim(김동희),Byung-Oh Kim(김병오),Young-Je Cho(조영제) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.11

진달래꽃으로부터 Sephadex LH-20 및 MCI gel CHP-20 column chromatography로 정제한 결과 항염증 활성을 가지는 myricetin을 분리, 동정하였다. Myricetin은 농도 의존적으로 NO 발현을 억제하였고, 50 μM 농도에서 약 40%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. Myricetin의 iNOS와 COX-2의 발현억제력은, 25 μM 농도에서 각각 20% 및 80%의 protein 발현 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 myricetin의 염증반응의 cytokine을 측정하여 TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 및 PGE2의 억제력을 살펴본 결과, 농도 의존적으로 발현억제 효과를 나타내었으며, 50 μM 농도에서 각각 70%, 80%, 80% 및 95%의 발현 억제효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 진달래 꽃잎에서 분리한 myricetin은 LPS로 유도 되어진 대식세포주인 Raw 264.7 세포에서 염증반응의 억제효과를 기대할 수 있었다. As a research of inflammation inhibitory activity using natural resource, the inflammation inhibitory activity by purified active compound from Rhododendron mucronulatum flower was experimented. Rhododendron mucronulatum flower components were purified and separated with Sephadex LH-20 and MCI gel CHP-20 column chromatography, Purified compound was confirmed as myricetin by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR and Fast atom bombardment (FAB)-Mass spectrum to have inhibition activity on inflammatory factors secreted by Raw 264.7 cells in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Myricetin inhibited nitric oxide (NO) expression in a concentration dependent manner, approximately 40% inhibition was observed at a concentration of 50 μM. The inhibition effect of myricetin on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression was 20% and 80%, respectively, at a concentration of 25 μM. Myricetin also inhibited expression of the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a concentration dependent manner; a concentration of 50 μM, 70%, 80%, 80% and 95% inhibition was observed, respectively. Therefore myricetin isolated from Rhododendron mucronulatum flowers is expected to have an anti-inflammatory effect in Raw 264.7 cell induced by lipopolysaccharides. The results can be expected myricetin from Rhododendron mucronulatum flower to use as functional resource for anti-inflammatory activity.

품종이 다른 뽕잎추출물의 Helicobacter pylori에 대한 항균활성 탐색과 항산화 효과

조영제 ( Young Je Cho ),주인식 ( In Sik Ju ),김병오 ( Byung Oh Kim ),김정환 ( Jeung Hoan Kim ),이병구 ( Byung Gu Lee ),안봉전 ( Bong Jeun An ),추재원 ( Jae Weon Choo ) 한국응용생명화학회 2007 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.50 No.4

층꽃나무(Caryopteris incana Miq.) 추출물의 생리활성

이재은 ( Jae-eun Lee ),이은호 ( Eun-ho Lee ),김병오 ( Byung-oh Kim ),조영제 ( Young-je Cho ) 한국응용생명화학회 2017 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.60 No.1

In this study, extracts from Caryopteris incana Miq. (C. incana) were investigated to assess anti-oxidation, skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity. The total phenolic compounds of C. incana extracts with water and 80 % ethanol showed 7.69 and 12.50 mg/g respectively. Antioxidation activity of C. incana extracts was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), protection factor (PF), and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). At concentration of 200 μg/mL, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84 and 92 %, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were both at approximately 99 %. Antioxidant PF of water and ethanol extracts were 1.56 PF and 1.67 PF, respectively. The TBARs of water and ethanol extracts were 62 and 82 %, respectively. In anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening activity, 80 % ethanol extract had more outstanding effect than water extract at concentration of 200 μg/mL. The levels of elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity related with anti-wrinkle were 58 and 89 % in ethanol extract. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity related with skin-whitening was 13 % in ethanol extract. The astringent effect of ethanol extract was 50%. Throughout the results, C. incana extracts showed an excellent effect on anti-oxidation, skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity. Therefore, C. incana extracts can be used as a new material for cosmetics.