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Ability-based Cooperation in a Prisoner’s Dilemma Game
정한준 한국경제학회 2012 The Korean Economic Review Vol.28 No.2
This paper studies the possibility of whole population cooperation based on different abilities of players. Consider the following infinitely repeated game, similar to Ghosh and Ray (1996). At each stage, uncountable numbers of players, who are randomly matched without information about their partners’ past actions, play a prisoner’s dilemma game. The players have the option to continue their relationship, and they all have the same discount factor. Also, they have two possible types: high ability player (H) or low ability player (L). H can produce better outcomes for his partner as well as for himself than L can. We look for an equilibrium that is robust against both pair-wise deviation and individual deviation, and call such equilibrium a social equilibrium. In this setting, long-term cooperative behavior among the whole population can take place in a social equilibrium because of the players’preference for their partners’ ability. In addition, a folk theorem of this model is proposed.
B형 급성 및 만성간염이 간경변으로 이행하는 병리조직학적 양상
한준열,정환국 대한간학회 1996 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.2 No.2
The chronic active or aggressive hepatitis B, in which periportal inflammation(piecemeal necrosis) is conventionally accepted as the pattern of progression to cirrhosis', implies little concern with intralobular necroinflammation as a process responsible for aggravation and progression. Some published observations, however, refer to episodes of acute necrotizing bouts(subacute hepatic necrosis) have been reported$quot;. For technical reasons, relatively few sequential biopsy studies of chronic hepatitis B are available and particularly, initial acute hepatitis B is barely documented since biopsies are now rarely perfomed in acute stages of hepatitis4. Moreover, most published sequential studies are complicated by therapeutic intervention . The availability of Korean sequential biopsy specimens and the increasing interest in parenchymal changes in the evolution of hepatitis B encouraged the description of the progression of acute and chronic hepatitis B to cirrhosis. During the long-term follow-up study, acute bouts of intralobular parenchymal necroinflammation are observed whenever the stage of aggravation is caught and the biopsy is possible. Whatever the result of these studies, the observation presented suggests a major role of parenchymal changes in the evolution of chronic hepatitis B and this experience focuses on the important lesions of the lobular parenchyma in classification and evaluation of chronic hepatitis'. Seven patients are selected on the basis of elevated S-ALT level, and submit to repated needle biopsies during a 6-month period$quot;. Of these, 2 cases show chronic active hepatitis with early cirhosis constantly, and in 5 cases CAH appear 1 or 2 times in each case during the follow-up period. In clinical follow-up after the sequential biopsies, these 7 patients were all healthy at least for an average of 18.6 years ranging from 14 to 27 years, except for one who developed into HCC without complication of cirrhosis. Thus, while the sample size of this study is small, continuous piecemeal necrosis seems not to be a pattern of progression to cirrhosis. In conclusion, acute and chronic hepatitis B experienced in Korea appear to progress to cirrhosis by means of repeated acute episodic bouts of intralobular necroinflammation, and the conventional concept that continuous progress by piecemeal necrosis seems not to hold true.
정헌수,한준,김기헌,박종효 한국문화교육학회 2017 문화예술교육연구 Vol.12 No.2
지난 10년간 정부는 문화예술교육과 관련된 다양한 교육 프로그램을 시행하였다. 본 연구는 정부의 이러한 노력이 개인의 삶에 대한 평가와 우리사회에 어떻게 공헌하였는지 살펴본다. 본 연구는 먼저 기존연구를 바탕으로 문화예술교육이 우리 개인의 삶과 사회에 미치는 영향과 관련된 측정항목을 개발하였다. 그리고 문화예술교육의 사회공헌도를 평가하기 위해 학생층 및 노년층을 대상으로 대규모 현장조사(field study)를 실시하였다. 조사데이터를 활용하여 교육프로그램 참여자와 교육프로그램 비참여자 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는지를 CEM(coarsened exact matching)기법을 사용하여 검증하였다. 연구결과는 한국 사람들이 문화예술교육에 참여함으로써 개인적으로 삶에 대해 더 나은 느낌(well being)을 가지고 있으며, 사회적으로도 더 높은 수준의 사회자본 및 문화자본을 가지는 것으로 드러났다. 즉 문화예술교육에 참여한 사람들은 자신의 삶을 보다 긍정적으로 보며 사회적으로 분명한 문화적, 사회적 아이덴트티(identity)를 가진 존재로 부상한다고 느낀 다는 점이다. 본 연구는 향후 정부가 정책을 입안함에 있어 기존 문화예술교육의 경험자가 매우 긍정적으로 정책을 평가하고 있다는 점을 반영할 수 있게 해준다. For the last 10 years, Korean government has executed diverse cultural artistic educational programs, This study examines how these efforts have contributed to our evaluation of life and society. Based on the previous research, we documented measurement items for social impacts of cultural artistic educational programs, We ran a grand field analysis for student programs and old age people programs. We then used CEM(Coarsened Exact Matching) method to check whether there is significant difference between program participating group and non-participating group. Our results show that, due to cultural artistic educational programs, Koreans show higher feeling of well being, and higher social capital of social relation and cultural capital. In other words, people who participated in the previous cultural artistic educational programs retrospect their life positively and come into the picture as a cultural and social identity. Our study shows that Korean government officials should consider the positive social effects of the previous cultural artistic educational programs when making policies.