『檀祖事攷』 저술에 관한 검토

정욱재(Jung, Uk-Jae) 한국사학사학회 2005 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.12

『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』, currently known as the Park Eun-sik(朴殷植)'s writings, is the book that contains the selection of, and the author's opinions for, the national and overseas records about the Dangoon(檀君) and Kojoseon(古朝鮮). This book is the first that showed the historical perceptions of the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』, and the basic literature that gave shape to understandings of the Daejongkyo about the Dangoon and Kojoseon. The writings mentioned in the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』became the common articles for the history books of Daejongkyo written thereafter, and the discussion in the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』formed the basis for the historical perception of Daejongkyo(大倧敎). The Daejongkyo history books after the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』 were all influenced by the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』, and most of all, 『Shindanshilki(神檀實記)』 was the most loyal successor to the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』. The 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』 contained the historical records of the government which were difficult to contact at that time, and many other national and overseas articles. Such collection and arrangement of the articles were done by Kim Kyo-heon(金敎獻). Kim could access to lots of records ofthe government as the publication member for the governmental history articles, and that records became the basis for the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』. Kim primarily collected and edited the records of Dangoon and Gojoseon, and the records were obtained by some Daejongkyo believers such as Yoon Se-bok(尹世復). When Park stayed in Yoon's house for the refuge, he completed many writings including the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』 in a year because of those articles collected by the Daejongkyo brotherhood. On the other hand, 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』 used articles of Daejongkyo which were selected, edited and distorted on the basis of the religious belief, and this became the defect of the writing. But it must be noted that the 『Danjosago(檀祖事攷)』renewed the historical view for the Dangoon and Kojoseon based on many articles that were hard to get those days, and based on that historical view, contributed to the spiritual support of the Resistance movement against Japan.

황윤석의 義盈庫 仕宦期 의영고의 위상 ―『頤齋亂藁』를 중심으로―

정욱재 ( Jung Uk-jae ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2023 民族文化硏究 Vol.98 No.-

이 글은 황윤석의 『이재난고』를 통해 18세기 의영고의 위상과 다양한 모습을 살펴보았다. 의영고는 고려후기에 명칭이 등장한 관청으로 조선시대에 들어와 왕실공상에 참여하는 공상아문의 하나로 호조의 종5품아문에 속하였다. 임진왜란 이후 의영고의 위상은 낮아져서 主簿가 주재관이 된 종6품아문이 되었고, 1882년에 혁파될 때까지 종5품아문으로 회복되지 못하였다. 『이재난고』를 통해 본 의영고는 관찬자료에서 쉽게 찾아볼 수 없는 현실적인 모습을 드러내고 있었다. 의영고의 세 관원, 즉 주부는 國忌日에 素膳을, 직장은 대궐 안에서 龍枝와 기름(油)을, 봉사는 黃燭을 각각 진배하는 것을 주관하는 등 각자의 업무가 원칙적으로 각각 달랐다. 그러나 황윤석이 근무하던 당시에는 업무 분장에 상관없이 해당일에 입번하는 사람이 의영고의 직무를 처리하고 그 책임도 입번자가 담당하는 관습이 생겼다. 공상물자를 마련하는 방식도 공안에 기재된 토산 현물을 지방에서 수취하거나, 아문에 속한 장인을 통해 물품을 직접 제작하여 궐내에 진배하던 조선전기와 다르게 18세기 의영고는 공인을 통해 소요 물품을 납품받는 형태로 전환된 모습을 보였다. 공물아문에서 담당하던 공물 관리와 조달의 업무가 공인에게 전가되면서 의영고에 비축된 공물은 없고 장부만 관리하면 되는 당대의 상황은 조선전기에 없던 장무서원을 출현하게 만들었다. 즉 현물관리가 아닌 장부 관리가 주요한 업무가 되었기 때문에 장부관리와 문서 행정을 위한 전문적인 사람이 더욱 필요한 것이다. 17세기 전반기까지 등장하지 않았던 掌務書員이 1768년 7월부터 1769년 6월까지 황윤석이 근무한 의영고에 마치 정식 직원처럼 등장하게 된 것은 이런 시대적 변화를 반영한 것이었다. 19세기에 편찬된 「육전조례」에 장무서원이 의영고 소속 서리로 공식 기재된 것은 이런 당대의 현실을 반영한 것에 불과하였다. 『이재난고』는 관찬자료에서 미처 포착할 수 없는 시대적 변화의 단면을 수록하여 조선후기 역사상을 현장감 있게 파악할 수 있는 단서를 준다. This article reviews the status and various aspects of the Euiyeonggo (義盈庫) in 18th century as cited in the Yijaenango (頤齋亂藁) by Hwang Yun-seok. The name of Euiyeonggo, the Royal Procurement Office and Hwang's first office in Hanyang, was first seen in the articles of late Goryo period. The Euiyeonggo was then designated as a branch of the Ministry of Taxation (Hojo; 戶曹), Amun in the 5th Jong rank, led by officials of Ryeong (令) rank, to manage oil, honey, yellow beeswax, vegetables (素膳), and peppers, etc. However, after the Imjin Invasion, the status of Euiyeonggo was demoted to the 6th Jong rank led by lower officials in the rank of Jubu (主簿) instead of Ryeong, and never recovers its former status until the reform in 1882 (19th year by the reign of King Gojong). Thus the Euiyeonggo as described in the Yijaenango shows more realistic aspect of the era never seen in the official documents. First of all, the Yijaenango shows that the 3 ranks of Jubu, Jikjang (直長), Bongsa (奉事) managed different tasks. The official documents dictate that the Jubu manage delivery of vegetables for Royal Memorial Day services, the Jikjang managed delivery of Yongji (龍枝) and oil in the palace, and the Bongsa delivered yellow beeswax candles (黃燭). However, according to Hwang, the officials on duty took charge of the entire duties of the Euiyeonggo, regardless of their ranks and designated duties. The procurement of supplies by the Euiyeonggo also changed. In the early Joseon period, the Gongsangamun, or the Ministry of Royal Procurement, received local supplies in the official documents, or allocated products by royal artisans in the palace. However in 18th century, with no royal artisans in the Amun, the Euiyeonggo received its supplies from local and private artisans and traders. As its function of production and procurement was ascribed to local artisans and traders, the Euiyeonggo had to hire its own Jangmuseowon (掌務書員), or the Royal Accountant, for more professional management of it accountants and documentations. The fact that the Royal Accountant appeared during Hwang's tenure in the office from July 1768 to June 1769, is a reflection of such changes. In other words, the designation of Jangmuseowon officials as official members of the Euiyeonggo, is only the reflection of such trends in 19th century Joseon, and the Yijaenango, a personal accounts, gives more detailed clues on the reality of the late Joseon than official documents of the era.

채프 구름 동특성 해석을 위한 CFD-DEM 연동 모델 구축

정욱진(Uk Jin Jung),손동우(Dongwoo Sohn) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.8

CFD-DEM 연동 기법을 이용한 채프 구름의 시공간 분포 모델링

정욱진(Uk Jin Jung),손동우(Dongwoo Sohn) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

한말·일제하 梁鳳濟의 활동

정욱재 (Jung Uk-Jae) 한국인물사연구소 2011 한국인물사연구 Vol.16 No.-

This article reviews political and social activities of Pro-Japanese Confucian, Yang Bong-Je(梁鳳濟). Born in 1851, Yang studies under Park Moon-Il(朴文一) from School of Hwaseo(華西學派), and began his career as an aristocratin 1879, after passing the National Examination for Civil Service. Despite his School of origin, which was one of the most conventional schools of Confucianism, he embraced the New Learning(新學) and converted himself into the Reformed Confucian. During his time as a local governor Yang also supported school establishments, understanding importance of cultivating peoples' capabilities. As such, Yang's activities during 19th century shows that he worked as a devoted aristocrat of Joseon Monarch and later Daehan Empire, as a celebrity of North Pyongan Province. But evidences from 20th century shows that Yang chose different path from his past ones. In October 30th, 1912, Yang Bong-Je, appointed by the Government General of Korea, worked as Lecturer of North Pyongan Provincial Gyeonghagwon(經學院) for 14 years, until his death in 1926. From then on his activities were Pro-Japanese, such as giving provincial lecture tours that insisted on obeying policies of Colonial Government; and writing poetries that praised Emperor Daisho(大正天皇) and the Royal prince(later Emperor Showa(昭和天皇)) Yet it is still inconclusive as to Yang's identity of defected Pro-Japanese Confucian. His alumni of School of Hwaseo(華西學{派) and renowned Independence Movement worker Yi Kwan-Gu(李觀求) regarded him as a man who devoted his life for the Movement. There are no evidence for Yi's appraisal aside from his article,『Uiyongsilgi(義勇實記)』. Still Yi's statement cannot be regarded as false, since『Uiyongsilgi(義勇實記)』is in itself recognised as reliable source of facts, and its content so specific, that can written only by person who had keen knowledge about the situation. In conclusion, Yang Bong-Je represents the complexity and multi-faceted nature of Resistance and Cooperation, that shows yet another characteristics of Pro-Japanese Confucians. conclusion, Yang Bong-Je represents the complexity and multi-faceted nature of Resistance and Cooperation, that shows yet another characteristics of Pro-Japanese Confucians.

군용 투명세라믹스 연구동향

정욱기(Wook Ki Jung),이기수(Kisu Lee),최재호(Jaeho Choi) 한국세라믹학회 2020 세라미스트 Vol.23 No.3

Transparent ceramics are widely considered in military applications such as transparent armor, electrooptical window and domes, and high power solid-state laser hosting components. Advanced fabrication technologies of polycrystalline ceramics have enabled us to make transparent ceramics with outstanding thermal, mechanical and optical properties which were not possible before. The existing properties of the ceramics, however, need to be improved for the applications of future military systems. Here, we reviewed the studies on the characteristics and the fabrication methods of these transparent ceramics.

李始榮의 『感時漫語』 硏究

정욱재(Jung, Uk-jae) 한국사학사학회 2001 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.4

『Kamsimanuh: The essay to discuss historical events』(感時漫語) is a book of historical review, which was written by Lee-si young(李始榮) who was one of leading persons in provisional government of Korea and the first vice president of Republic of Korea. Written in classical chinese letters, This book was published in 1934. seventies pages, twenty-three chapter, and came out in Shanghai, china, 『Kamsimanuh』 is not written on a definite standard. the first motivation to publication of this book is to refute 『Chosun』(朝鮮) which was written by Huang-yan pei(黃炎培), one of famous pedagogists in modern China. Came out in 1929, 『Chosun』 was not only for the purpose of bringing chinese people to an awareness of the realities of international situations, but based on the feeling of crisis that china would be ‘the second Korea' Based on materials of Japanese scholars and the Japanese government general in Korea, Huang-yan pei could`t help distort the history of Korea and the realities of Korean people in 『Chosun』. Because of such a reason, Lee-si young wrote 『Kamsimanuh』 to criticize 『Chosun』 Despite of smaller quantity, 『Kamsimanuh』 shows various historical facts related to the period from Ancient times to Modern times in Korea and Lee-Si young's comments on them. Lee-si young contradicted Huang-yan pei whose work, 『Choson』, had distorted Korean history. So, Lee-Si young emphasized the originality and the subjecthood of Korean history as well as the Korean quality. But this hadn't a single purpose of this essay. In Chapter 20 ‘a China's instruction', Lee-Si young said that both China and Korea were being suffered from Japan, and Korea had already lost the sovereignty, thus China needed to establish the co-anti-Japan battle line with Korea. In 『Kamsimanuh』, several works written by Kim-Gyo hun(金敎獻) were cited. Lee-Si young especially often referred to Kim Gyo-hun's works in historical section of ancient Korea. This means that he strongly got influenced from the historical cognition of (大倧敎: a Korean typical religion which originated from the religion named Dong-Hak). So 『Kamsimanuh』 has several important meanings as follows. ① This book is a historical work which put the basis on the historical cognition of and was published in China. It's more meaningful that this is a first one which contradicted chinese works related Korea history in the eyes of Korean ② 『Kamsimanuh』 was written by Lee-Si young, a important official of the Provisional Government of Korea. Only Lee-si young, right-nationalists who led the Provisional Government, wrote a historical work. So we can confirm the historical cognition of right-nationalist leaders through this book. ③ This book extends the limit of nationalist history more widely.

『東史年表』의 간행과 그 의미

정욱재(Jung Uk-jae) 한국학중앙연구원 2003 장서각 Vol.- No.9

『'Dongsayeonpyo(東史年表)』(Hereafter "the Yeonpyo") was published in Seoul, 1915, by Eo Yun-jeok(魚允迪), who was a democrat and scholar, as well as pro-Japanese person with great interest and knowledge in history. The Japanese government suppressed the study about Korean history and the publishment of its history book when 『Yeonpyo』 was published. Eo gained many articles and examined it to write down the historical facts in the Yeon-pyo. Especially, He admitted that Old Chosun(古朝鮮) was the very beginning of the Korean History while the Japanese Historian denied that, and proved it with various articles. Behind this proof, Kim gyo-hun(金敎獻), a TaeZongGyo(大倧敎) nationalist historian, was of the greatest influence. And he didn't took the claim of Japanese historians when archiving the historical facts. Sometimes the facts were based on the articles suspected to be manipulated later, but most of his writings were based on the correct historical records. In such a dark age of history, 『Yeonpyo』 was almost the only historical book that the readers can contact more easily than that of the other nationalist historians. So its influence was never less than the books of other nationalist historians. Its influence could be even more powerful than the other historical books published in that era. Even though it had certain limits, 『Yeonpyo』 was the source of the correct historical facts for the readers in Korea.

金時讓의 생애와 역사의식

정욱재(Jung, Uk-Jae) 한국인물사연구회 2016 한국인물사연구 Vol.26 No.-

This article reviewed the life of Kim Si-Yang (金時讓), and his historical consciousness by analyzing his writings, namely, the Baegyegimun (涪溪紀聞), the Jahaepildam (紫海筆談), and the Hadampasuklok (荷潭破寂錄), etc. Kim was a Confucian scholar who lived throughout the late 16th century and mid-17th century, enduring the time of hardship. In 1612 (4th year by the reign of King Gwanghae), he was exiled to Jongseong, Hamgyeong-do, for posing a ’tabooed question’ for an official examination. In 1618, after 7 years of exile in Jongseong, Kim was relocated to Yeonghae, Gyeongsangbuk-do, before being released from the exile in 1623 due to the Restoration by King Injo. For the 12 years of poor and miserable exile, he devoted himself to researches, enhancing his knowledge and view on the Korean history. In other words, it was the time of the exile that offered Kim a chance to crystallize his thoughts and experiences to write the three books that gained much praise by his successors. Kim viewed the reality of his era, as well as the contemporary Confucian scholars, with differentiated view and criticism. He lamented on the reality where the descendents of the unjust thrive and the descendents of the righteous declined, and emphasized that the reason behind the paradox are lack of historical consciousness and unjust publication of Korean history. In particular, Kim stressed that the Confucian scholars of Joseon lacked education on the history of Joseon, and rather, propagated incorrect historical knowledge. In his point of view, the history education of Joseon didn’t serve its function as mirror of politics and ethics, and he wrote the books in order to correct the errors. Kim may have lived a bitter personal life during the time of national hardship, but he tried his best to keep his criticism on the era and serve his responsibility in the Korean history.

日本宮內廳所藏 ‘公族實錄’의 편찬과 특징

정욱재(Jung, Uk-Jae) 고려사학회 2016 한국사학보 Vol.- No.64

일본 궁내청(일제강점기의 宮內省)에는 한국의 實錄과는 그 연원과 성격이 다른 ‘王公族實錄’이 방대한 분량으로 소장되어 있다. 즉 ‘王族實錄’에 해당하는 『李太王實錄』 6권·『李太王實錄資料』 24권, ‘公族實錄’에 해당되는 『李熹公實錄』 3권·『李熹公實錄資料』 6권, 『李埈公實錄』 2권·『李埈公實錄資料』 5권이 초고본 형태로 소장되고 있다. 본고에서는 공족실록의 편찬 배경과 편찬자, 특징 등에 대해 개략적인 검토를 하였다. 이들 사료는 일제강점기 궁내성의 주관 하에 아사미 린타로(淺見倫太郞)에 의해 편찬되었다. 그는 식민지 조선에서 법관으로 활동하며 조선의 文籍을 수집하는 사람으로 유명한 인물이었다. 그는 1919년 6월 2일에 시작하여 1923년 11월 30일에 ‘왕공족실록’ 편찬을 완료하고, 같은 해 12월 18일에 궁내성에서 해임되었다. 당시 궁내성에서 이 자료들을 편찬한 것은 일본 제국에 새롭게 편입된 ‘王公族’을 皇族의 禮로 대우한다는 것을 보이기 위해서였다. 아사미는 공족실록과 실록자료를 편찬하기 위해 자료 수집에 진력하였다. 그는 궁내성의 힘을 빌려서 국내외의 자료들을 수집하였고, 수집된 자료들을 거의 정확하게 채록하였다. 일본인의 시각에서 정리된 편찬물이지만, 기록의 조작, 왜곡, 가필 등은 거의 보이지 않는다. 공족실록의 특징은 인물을 대상으로 그의 일생에 관련된 모든 사료를 수집한 후, 일정한 분류 기준과 목차를 가지고 기록하였다. 그는 서술 방법으로 編年體에 紀事本末體를 병용하였다. 그가 수집한 자료 중에는 국내에서 찾아보기 어려운 자료들도 수록되어 있다. 아직 『高宗實錄』과 고종시대사에 대한 연구도 사실상 미진한 상황에서 궁내청 소장 ‘왕공족실록’과 실록자료는 우리에게 여러 가지 새로운 고민을 던져주고 있다. 요컨대 일본인이 정리한 역사 기록물이지만, 궁내청 소장 ‘왕공족실록’의 출현은 기존의 실록에 대한 생각을 再考하는 계기를 마련해준다. 궁내청 소장 ‘왕공족실록’과 실록자료를 총체적으로 검토하고 아울러 기존의 『高宗實錄』를 비교 분석한다면, 적어도 고종과 고종시대에 대한 종합적인 역사상이 나오지 않을까 기대해 본다. This article aims to give comprehensive reviews on general backgrounds, the publisher, and features of the Gongjoksilok Chronicles. The Imperial Household Agency of Japan holds vast volumes of the ‘Wanggongjoksilok’ Chronicles, or the Chronicles on Royalties and Aristocrats of Joseon (hereinafter the Chronicles), that have different origin and features than the Records of the Joseon Dynasty published in Korea. The Chronicle is consisted of two types of records, namely, the ‘Wangjoksilok’, or the Chronicles on the Royalties, including 6 volumes of ‘Chronicles of King Lee (李太王實錄)’ and 24 volumes of ‘Materials for the Chronicles of King Lee (李太王實錄資料)’; and the ‘Gongjoksilok’, or the Chronicles on the Aristocrats, including 3 volumes of ‘Chronicles of Lord Lee Hee (李熹公實錄)’, 6 volumes of ‘Materials for the Chronicles of Lord Lee Hee (李熹公實錄資料)’, 2 volumes of ‘Chronicles of Lord Lee Jun (李埈公實錄)’, and 5 volumes of ‘Materials for the Chronicles of Lord Lee Jun (李埈公實錄資料)’, in the form of drafts. The Chronicles were published during the Japanese Colonial Era by Asami Rintaro (淺見倫太郞), with supervision by the Imperial Household Agency. Asami worked as a judiciary officer in the Colonized Joseon, and became famous for his collection of writings and records of the former kingdom. On June 2, 1919, Asami began the publication project, which resulted in the completion of ‘Wanggongjoksilok’ Chronicles on November 30, 1923; and on December 18 of 1923, he was dismissed from the position by the Imperial Household Agency, whose initial objective was to publicly give the impression that newly integrated ‘Royalties and Aristocrats’ of the former Joseon Dynasty are respected with the same level of dignity as the Japanese royalties. Asami, however, put great efforts in collecting materials and records on the royalties of Joseon in objective and just way, although he had to rely on the Imperial Household Agency for the collection; he organized the records and materials from his point of view as Japanese, but rarely fabricated, distorted, or retouched the collected materials and records. To publish the Gongjoksilok Chronicles, he initially collected every materials and records relevant to the life of aristocrats, then sorted out the basic materials with certain systems and criterions, describing the records in chronological (編年體) and narrative (紀事本末體) styles. In light of insufficient researches on the Records on the Emperor Gojong (高宗實錄) and his reign, the Chronicles on Royalties and Aristocrats in Joseon, as well as materials and records relevant to them, give yet another controversy to the academic circle. Although edited by a Japanese, the existence of the Chronicles gives another chances to rethink the conventional concept on the royal records of Joseon. Comprehensive comparison and analysis on the Chronicles and their basis materials to the Records on the Emperor Gojong (高宗實錄) will give us general image of the era under the reign by Emperor Gojong.