열린 교육의 목표모형 탐색

정숙경 한국교육학회 부산지회 1996 釜山敎育學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

In the face of wide spread of open classroom practices in our elementary schools, this study intended to explore a goal model appropriate for open education in our educational settings, which are oriented to globalization. The past and present of open education as well as its concept were discussed, and then curricular characteristics of open education were specified, and finally, a goal model for Korean open education was presented on the basis of Miles's goal priorities in open education(1975). The conclusions derived from this study are as follows: Firstly, open education started in mid 60s and imported from English infant schools by American educators has a long varied line of antecedents, from Socrates, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel to progressive education, and is supported by the works of Brunet and Piaget. Open education is a type of education which reflects the idea that individuals are self-regulating open systems capable of exerting freedom and right to choose independently. Secondly, contrasting to traditional classroom which focuses cognitive goals selected in advance, much of the curricular decision are made during the interactions of teacher and students in open classroom. In addition, specific contents and activities are selected by students, who are not required to study same contents nor to acquire same mastery levels among themselves. Thirdly, a goal model appropriate for Korean open education in 90s should represent high cognitive goals as its highest priority, affective goals as next higher priority, and low cognitive goals as lowest priority, since mental processes like problem solving and creativity are considered to be essential in globalized competitions.

근접발달지대에 기초한 교사중재 수업모형 연구

정숙경 東亞大學校 2003 東亞論叢 Vol.40 No.-

Constructivism believes that knowledge is not transmitted to learners, rather it is constructed by learners during the learning process. Even though constructivism is pervasive in theories and practices of education, instructional model that guides constructivistic approach has not yet been provided. The purpose of this study was to explore an instructional model based on constructivism. Specifically, implications of constructivism and zone of proximal development in education were probed, instructional activities based on zone of proximal development were explored, and an instructional model using teacher mediation was constructed. The conclusions derived in this study are as follows: Firstly, while objectivism contends that there exists absolute realities, constructivism focuses on reflective type of meaning-making construction in the knowledge development of learners. Especially, Vygotsky's social constructionism emphasizes zone of proximal development in which interaction between learner and teacher can be optimally accomplished through scaffolding. Secondly, teacher mediation is on-the-spot adjustment to content flow and complexity on the part of teacher to accomodate learner's idiosyncratic learning needs. Teacher mediation is best accomplished within the zone of proximal development with functional errors and inner speech as its acting rules. Thirdly, an instructional model using teacher mediation was constructed based on the elements of instructional events proposed by Gagne. Nine instructional events were integrated into three phases in this model: motivation and objectives, teacher mediation activities, formative evaluation and enrichment and correction. Teacher mediation activities are implemented through student response-teacher reaction chains with the acting rule of functional errors and inner speech.

무용교육의 지도방안에 관한 연구 ( 1 )

정숙경 대한무용학회 1985 대한무용학회논문집 Vol.7 No.-

이명박 정부이후 보훈정책의 발전방향

정숙경 한국보훈학회 2011 한국보훈논총 Vol.10 No.4

A veterans policy as a the politics of memory to provides justice and justification that should devote and sacrifice forcountry at the moment of a historic crisis by do not forget sacrifice and self-sacrifice, wound and pain by it. This article on the assumption a veterans policy's importance estimated the main contents of veterans policy focus on what is the directions for development and improvement item of a veterans policies postLee Myeong Bak's regime. The frame of reference of this article is as following. first, In terms of social effect of reward the state compensates what for, regarding compensation in if better compensation method is what compensation policy. second, the spread system of veterans value, That should be spread how that value for veterans to memory though compensation. Thirdly It's about that there latives of veterans affairs and their family should be honored and supported in which honor and support for them are reasonable and suitable. There are no other problem such as equability for support etc. The compensation is core of a veterans policy. The trust of people about compensation serves as a definite momentum to cause and reinforce their patriotism. The better requital of the country, the more in their trust for the country, the people have more belief that the country will requite in their sacrifice and self-sacrifice and have more reinforced pride for it. As a result it's supported that the direction for development of veterans policy has to be change from "after veterans" to "before veterans" for establishment of Korean national identity. It's proposed improvement items such as following: First, It needs that the compensation method has to be change second, It needs that new veterans values has to be spread. For it, it needs that elevation of The Minister for Patriots and Veterans, Professional Institutions's establishment in regarding veterans affairs, the development and diffusion of Patriots & Veterans Leadership, measurement and announcement of the synthetic index of patriots & veterans affairs etc. Finally It's said that specializations of medical treatment support and welfare for veterans relatives and social works of discharged veteran for veterans is needed. This study is a practical policy study that diagnosing and evaluating a main policy in concrete actual and reality rather than theoretical research. So, Advantage of this study is providing the realizable alternative that is evaluated a concrete polices in term of social affect of policy and developmental social system. It's help for new change as good material because the direction for development of veterans policy and improvement after Lee Myeong Bak's Regime areproposed. It' will expected the this propose of this study to be a good chance for a development and good change of veterans policy. 기억의 정치(the politics of memory)로서 보훈정책이 기억하는 것은 희생과 헌신, 그로 인한 상처와 상흔을 잊지 않음으로써 역사적인 위기의 순간에 국가를 위해 헌신하고 희생해야 할 명분, 정당성을 제공한다. 본 연구는 보훈정책의 중요성을 전제로, 이명박 정부 이후 보훈정책의 발전방향과 개선점이 무엇인지를 현행 국가보훈처의 업무를 중심으로 보훈정책의 주요 내용을 진단하고 평가하였다. 연구결과 첫째 보훈정책은 한국의 발전과 국가정체성의 확립을 위해 ‘사후적 보훈’에서 ‘선제적 보훈’으로 국가유공자의 보상방식을 대폭 개선해야 한다. 둘째 새로운 보훈가치의 보급과 확산을 위해 국가보훈처의 국가보훈부로의 승격과 보훈의식 관련 전문기관의 설립, 보훈 리더쉽(Patriots & Veterans Leadership)의 개발과 보급 그리고 훈련, 종합적인 한국보훈지수의 매년측정과 발표, 국립인물, 호국인물, 거리, 장소 등의 상징화 사업이 수반되어야 한다. 셋째 보편적 복지국가의 틀과 병행해 보훈대상자의 의료지원과 복지의 특성화, 제대군인의 보훈의 사회적 일자리 창출이 필요함을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 이론적인 학술연구이기 보다는 구체적인 정책현실과 현장에서 사회체계의 발전과 정책의 사회적 효과라는 측면에서 구체적인 정책을 진단하고, 현실 가능한 대안을 구체적으로 모색한 실용적인 정책연구로, 이명박 정부 이후라는 특정 시기를 전제로 보훈정책의 발전방향과 구체적인 개선사항을 제시함으로써 변화의 새로운 계기에 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 본 연구의 개선사항들은 보훈정책의 발전과 변화에 좋은 계기가 될 것으로 기대한다.

유아의 정의적 내적 표상과 그 측정방안 연구

정숙경,이현정,박정화 동아대학교 학생상담센터 2004 學生硏究 Vol.33 No.-

최근 유아발달에 관한 탐구에서, 유아들이 발달 초기에 형성하는 정의적 내적 표상이 유아기 성장과정에 미치는 중요성이 인식되면서 이에 관한 연구와 그 측정도구 개발에 연구자들의 관심이 시작되고 있다. 내적 표상이란 유아가 자기, 타인, 또는 특정 대상에 대해 느끼고 지각한 경험에 대해 의미를 구성한 결과로서의 이미지를 말한다. 본 연구에서는 내적 표상이 무엇이며 어떻게 형성되고 유아발달에서의 그 역할이 어떠하며, 그리고 그 측정방안이 어떠한지를 알아보는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 내적 표상은 유아가 경험했던 느낌, 정서 상태, 정서적 의미구성 동의결과에 의해 유아의 마음속에서 자기, 타인 및 기타 대상들에 대해 형성시킨 이미지를 말하는 것으로, 후속되는 사회적, 정서적, 대인관계 기술 동의 발달에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 유아의 내적 표상 형성에 있어서 가장 중요한 요인은 초기 양육자와의 상호작용의 질이며, 건전하게 형성된 내적 표상은 자기 및 타인을 이해하고 다양한 사태에 적용할 수 있는 능력 형성의 기반이 된다. 그러나 내적 표상은 유아 각자의 경험에 따라 다양한 개인차를 보인다. 내적 표상을 알아볼 수 있는 중요한 통로는 유아들의 네레이티브이다. 네레이티브란 특정 주제에 의한 놀이 상황 속에서 유아가 표현하는 언어적 반응을 말하며, 연구자들은 네레이티브 분석을 통해 유아들의 내적 정서적 세계를 이해하고자 시도하고 있다. 둘째, 초기 내적 표상의 형성은 유아의 정서에 의해 안내되어진다. 출생 직후부터 여러 가지 생리적, 심리적 욕구들에 의해 고조된 어린 유아들의 정서적 긴장이 양육자의 즉각적이고 민감한 반응에 의해 해소되는 과정이 반복되어지면, 어린 유아들은 자신의 능력에 대해 신뢰감을 형성하며, 타인에 대한 긍정적인 정서를 형성하고, 나아가 환경에 대한 탐색활동에 적극적으로 참여하려는 경향성을 발달시킨다. 따라서 생애 초기 어린 유아와 양육자간의 상호작용관계의 질은 유아들의 건전한 내적 표상 형성에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이렇게 시작된 자기 및 중요한 타인에 대한 긍정적 표상의 형성은 유아들의 정서적 조절뿐만 아니라 대인관계 기술과 같은 사회적 기능, 문제의 발견 및 해결 능력과 같은 고차적 사고과정의 발달을 위한 기반을 제공한다. 셋째, 유아의 내적 표상을 측정하기 위한 기존 방법에는 놀이면담 및 놀이심리치료, 네레이티브를 분석하는 분리불안검사와 애착이야기완성검사 퉁이 있지만, 각기 방법적 접근 상의 문제 또는 유아들의 제한된 인지적, 언어적 능력으로 인한 측정 상의 문제점을 안고 있다. 이에 따라 내적 표상 연구자들이 기존 네레이티브 척도들의 구성 내용과 이들 척도들을 사용한 연구결과들을 종합하고 그 단점들을 보완하여 유아들의 언어적, 인지적 특성에 적합하게 제작한 내적표상 측정도구가 MacArthur StoryStem Battery(MSSB)이다. MSSB는 유아들의 언어적 발달, 도덕성 및 친사회성 발달 등의 여러 측면을 종합적으로 측정할 수 있는 척도로서, 유아들의 진정한 내적 표상을 밝혀 줄 수 있는 도구로서의 타당도와 경험적 신뢰도가 입증되어지고 있다. Recently a tendency in research is arising to focus on young children’s internal representation, through which inner world, especially emotional world of young children is presumed to be more realistically revealed. This study intended to survey research works and related perspectives to grasp clear picture about the concept of young children’s mental representation and its role in the course of their social, emotional, interpersonal developments, and the schemes for measuring young children’s internal representation as well. The conclusions derived in this study are as follows: Firstly, Young children develop their affection capacities in the process of life experiences in which they feel and also make affective meanings out of everyday events they face. Internal representations play a critical role in the development of young children’s emotional regulations, social skills, and problem-finding and problem-solving skills in interpersonal relationships. Secondly, emotion has been recognized to execute a leading role in the development of young children' s internal representation about self and others. Infants express their physiological and psychological needs through intensified emotional behavior, and when these needs are resolved by caregivers’ appropriate respondent actions young children can recover their emotional equilibrium and start to explore around the world. As these experiences accumulate, trusts and beliefs in themselves as well as in others are being formed, and their capacity to deal with conflicts and imbalances in everyday life situations are being developed. These trusts and beliefs are the basis for young children’s formation of positive mental representations of self and of others. Thirdly, naπatives young children express in play situations are found to be vital pathways to reveal their inner world, and a group of researchers have structured a comprehensive scale, MacArthur Story-Stem Battery(MSSB) ,based on the revlslOns of previous scaJes that have shortcomings for some reasons and additions of more varieties in young childreo' s developmentaJ areas, which can efficiently assesses young children’s intenal mental representations. MSSB has now acquired much of its validity and credibility through works of many researchers.

Teaching English as a Dominant International Language: A Case of Korean Elementary English Program

정숙경,Jung, Sook-Kyung The English Teachers Association in Korea 2006 영어어문교육 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative case study on teaching English as an international language in Korean context. The researcher investigated the implementation process of the new elementary English program from the government to local schools to find out to what extent the symbolic value of English as an international language affect the implementation process of the elementary English program. The research result showed that the elementary teachers shared the different views of the status of English from those of government and the parents, and their differing perception of the role of English constantly affected their implementation efforts. The research findings also revealed that the public's concern of English dominance in Korean educational system resulted in the government's 'comprised curriculum' by lowering the learning goals of the English program. The findings also indicated that the introduction of the elementary English program accelerated English dominance in both teacher and student culture. The question of how to resolve the conflict between acquiring English proficiency and its negative influence on Korean culture remains a complex issue in implementing the new elementary English program.

필리핀 교사와 전화영어 영어 수업과정에서의 의미협상과 의사소통 장애요인에 대한 연구

정숙경 미래영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors causing communication breakdown in phone English class between Philippine English teachers and Korean EFL learners. Four college university students’10 week phone English conversation transcripts and focused group interview were analyzed for the study. According to research results, students’ lack of listening ability and vocabulary knowledge were identified as the major factors causing communication breakdown. In terms of teacher factors, teachers’ lack of listening skills and background knowledge about the Korean context were revealed as the major factors causing the communication breakdown. According to the research results, the frequency of communication breakdown caused by student factors were higher than that of teacher factors, but the communication breakdown caused by teacher factors tend to lead more non-understanding between teachers and students regardless of their negotiating efforts. This research results indicate that teachers should be more conscious of how to eliminate the teacher factors causing communication breakdown during phone English class. The desirable teacher training and teaching methods for phone English class were suggested based on research results.

학습자의 동기 변화 추적을 통한 영어 학습 동기화 요인 분석

정숙경 미래영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학 Vol.17 No.1

The study aims to find out the motivating factors for English learning by tracking the college students’past motivation change in learning English. The 125 college students participated in the student questionnaire to recall their English learning experience from elementary to the college days. The research findings show that students' motivation to study English dropped sharply during the high school days and high school days was revealed as the lowest motivation period. Major demotivating factors were identified such as 'difficulty of English,' 'the lack of students' will to study,' and 'decrease of the test score,' The grammar-centered, teacher-centered English class was also ranked as the fourth major demotivator. Students motivation has gradually increased from college years and most students' highest motivation period was revealed as college days. The major factors to remotivate the students were 'students' awareness of the value of English,' 'their desire to be good at English,' and 'increased test score.' 'The interesting English teaching method' was also ranked as the fourth influential remotivating factor. Based on the research results, the appropriate English class model for low motivated students was suggested.

창의성을 위한 영어교육: 과정 연극(Process Drama)

정숙경 미래영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학 Vol.19 No.3

The study aims to introduce the process drama as an alternative method to communicative language teaching in EIL(English as an International Language) context. Process drama is a device to promote the students’ creativity through improvised, non-performance, and process-oriented drama process. It is a drama technique different from theater play in that it is more spontaneous, unpredictable, unrehearsed, and requires problem-solving skills, Throughout the paper, I explained why process drama is a feasible teaching method from the point of changed ELT practice and critical pedagogy. I also explained the different types of process drama and its effects on learning and teaching the second language and promoting the learners’creativity. The exemplar cases of process drama were presented with a lesson plan. The possibility of applying the process drama in various situations were also suggested.

The Effecttiveness of Vidio Conference as a Language Learning Tool

정숙경 대전대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 人文科學論文集 Vol.47 No.-

이 논문은 영어교육의 매체로서의 화상수업의 효과에 대한 연구조사 논문이다. 컴퓨터를 매체로 하는 통시적 의사소통에 대한 관심이 증가하는 상황에서 연구자는 학생들의 영어의 유창성을 증진시키는데 인터넷 화상수업이 어떤 효과를 가져 오는지를 학생설문과 인터뷰를 통하여 조사하였다. 연구대상 학생들은 SpeakENG 프로그램을 수강한 총 138명의 사이버 대학생들이며 이 학생들은 한 학기 통안 인터넷에서 동영상 파일로 영어를 배우고 미국의 공립학교 교사들과 1주일에 한 번씩 총 12번의 화상수업을 받은 학생들이다. 연구를 위하여 학기중과 학기말에 수강생을 대상으로 2차례의 학생 설문조사와 1회의 전화인터뷰가 이루어졌으며 학생들이 제출한 화상 수업의 내용을 분석하였다. 연구결과 대다수의 학생들이 화상수업이 면대면 수업만큼 효과가 있다고 응답하였으며 특히 얼굴 표정이나 제스처를 볼 수 있다는 점에서 전화영어수업과 다르게 화상수업이 면대면 수업만큼의 효과를 가진다고 응답하였다. 학생들은 ‘일대일 수업이 가능하고’, ‘시간과 공간의 제약이 없으며’ ‘문자채팅을 이용할 수“ 있고 ”대화 시 심리적 부담감이 적다“는 것을 화상수업의 가장 주요 장점으로 지적하면서 94.2%의 학생들이 원어민교사의 화상수업의 면대면 수업의 대안이 될 수 있다고 응답 하였다. 학생들은 화상수업이 구아영어를 증진시키는데 효과가 있다고 응답하였으며 특히 원어민을 대하는 태도, 듣기 능력, 영어 문장을 구성하는 능력에 향상을 가져왔다고 응답하였다. 학생들의 화상수업의 효과에 관한 이러한 긍정적인 반응은 영어 원어민 숫자가 부족하고 상 대적으로 이들에 대한 요구가 많은 현 영어교육상황에서 원어민과의 인터넷을 통한 화상수업이 정규 영어수업이나 교사 훈련과정에서 부가적으로 사용할 수 있는 효과적인 매체라는 것을 보여 주고 있다.