Mechanical Properties of Hydrated Silk Fibroin/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Films

정리라,김예슬,진형준,Jung, Ri-Ra,Kim, Ye-Seul,Jin, Hyoung-Joon The Korean Fiber Society 2007 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Composite films consisting of two biocompatible natural polymers were prepared by incorporating bacterial cellulose into silk fibroin. The high crystalline cellulose hydrogel was synthesized by bacteria, Acetobacter xylinum. Silk fibroin was finely blended with the bacterial cellulose fibrils by adding aqueous silk fibroin solution into the bacterial cellulose hydrogel. We observed individual bacterial cellulose fibrils within a silk fibroin matrix by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silk fibroin well penetrated between the individual fibrils of the bacterial cellulose. The silk fibroin/bacterial cellulose composite film did not dissolve in water without further crystallization process, whereas a pure silk fibroin film easily dissolved in water without crystallization process. The crystallization phenomenon of silk fibroin in the composite film was verified by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the silk fibroin/bacterial cellulose composite film markedly increased when the composite film was hydrated. The silk fibroin/bacterial cellulose composite films became more flexible and tougher when they were hydrated, while it was very brittle in the dehydrated state.

Preparation of carbon nanotubes-incorporated polymeric microspheres for electrorheological fluids

정리라,윤석호,강민성,김현식,진형준 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.6

Electrically conducting polymeric microspheres having an average diameter of 92 lm were prepared from composites of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and suspension-polymerized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) particles. Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were selected as the surfactants to stably disperse the MWCNTs in water. Strong adhesion of MWCNTs on the surfaces of the PVC microspheres was observed from the images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The amount of MWCNTs adsorbed on the microspheres was approximately 2 wt.%, determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The electrical conductivity of these composite-microspheres was remarkably increased upto 1.5 · 104 S/cm compared with that of the pure PVC microspheres (less than 10-14 S/cm), because of the electrically conducting MWCNTs on their surfaces. These microspheres also showed an electrorheological (ER) effect under an electric field (1.8 kV/mm) owing to the interfacial polarization of the MWCNTsadsorbed microspheres, when they were dispersed in silicone oil (20 wt.%). The MWCNT-adsorbed PVC microspheres formed linear structures by electric force; i.e. the individual microspheres were connected to neighboring microspheres. Electrically conducting polymeric microspheres having an average diameter of 92 lm were prepared from composites of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and suspension-polymerized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) particles. Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were selected as the surfactants to stably disperse the MWCNTs in water. Strong adhesion of MWCNTs on the surfaces of the PVC microspheres was observed from the images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The amount of MWCNTs adsorbed on the microspheres was approximately 2 wt.%, determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The electrical conductivity of these composite-microspheres was remarkably increased upto 1.5 · 104 S/cm compared with that of the pure PVC microspheres (less than 10-14 S/cm), because of the electrically conducting MWCNTs on their surfaces. These microspheres also showed an electrorheological (ER) effect under an electric field (1.8 kV/mm) owing to the interfacial polarization of the MWCNTsadsorbed microspheres, when they were dispersed in silicone oil (20 wt.%). The MWCNT-adsorbed PVC microspheres formed linear structures by electric force; i.e. the individual microspheres were connected to neighboring microspheres.

[어른들을 위한 동화] 힘차게 출발해요!

정리연 새가정사 2024 새가정 Vol.772 No.-

韓国の日本語教育における評価の問題点

?井裏子 한국일본어학회 2008 한국일본어학회 학술발표회 Vol.2008 No.-

台灣對外華語文教學的現況及問題初探

鄭莉芳 중국학연구회 2012 中國學硏究 Vol.- No.62

Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language in Taiwan focused on overseas Chinese schools and Chinese education of ethnic Chinese in the past. The 21th century is witnessing an upsurge of Chinese language learning around the world. As early as in 2001, Taiwan government began to encourage Chinese teaching with several incentives as the following: providing scholarship to foreign students, helping universities to set up training center of Chinese language and teacher with subsidy fund, encouraging domestic universities to establish Chinese institutes, perfecting academic organizations and holding seminars, setting up Taiwan education center and expo, popularizing Chinese language test and so on. All these measures maybe effective in a short term. However, without a coherent policy and agency, as well as a lack of combination between publicity and local resources, the promotion of Chinese teaching came out with little result. In this paper, the author suggests to develop a specific Chinese teaching system with Taiwan style by integrating political and commercial and educational resources. It is helpful to cooperate with overseas local groups to provide global Chinese learners with a better environment.

兩岸外來詞翻譯的差異研究

鄭莉芳(Cheng, LiFang) 한국외국어대학교 대만연구센터 2016 대만연구 Vol.- No.9

The two sides of the Taiwan Strait have been affected by many foreign cultures, and a lot of foreign words have entered the two sides along with the foreign culture. The differences of the skills, methods and perspectives between the two sides are also caused. In this paper, we will summarize and analyze the three areas of significant differences - food and communication terminology, daily necessities and the names of foreign films. There are three characteristics in the translation of food names and traffic terms: the first is the phenomenon that both sides use translation names simultaneously; the second is the simultaneous use of the same English original words with several different translated words; the third is Translation is done in a variety of ways and is related to idiomatic usage in the region. In the difference between daily necessities and everyday words, this article also summarizes the three characteristics, the first is the angle of cross-strait observation of things and emphasis on the different parts of the difference; followed by a region with more than two words in the same word translated at the same time Use, and the vocabulary of a single use case of the phenomenon of vertical change; the third is the use of translation methods and techniques are also different, or even very different vocabulary. On the translation of film name differences, the mainland side of the film name translation mainly in free translation of the main translation. This translation method is based on the original meaning of the film name translation, and sometimes even have to worry about the government`s strict film review system. In the case of Taiwan, from the point of view of advertising effectiveness and audience-oriented translation, some translations are actually based on the addition of novelty in the translation of the original names, while others are based on the addition of extremely irritating or highly infectious The adjective of force is presented in a way.

台灣國語中的閩南語特有詞兩岸使用現況研究

정리방 중국학연구회 2017 中國學硏究 Vol.- No.82

Taiwan's unique words are the combination of various conditions and history, after a long period of development and the formation. From the perspective of the formation of Taiwanese language in the twentieth century, the relationship between Taiwan dialect and Mandarin can be said to have been reduced and expanded through 1950 to 1987 to 2000. Into the 21st century, the exchange of information and interaction through the network more active, Taiwan young people in the use of network communication chat, for innovation and change, a large number of dialects also contributed to the lexical type of change. The author of this study found that the recent Taiwanese unique words in the use of the process has undergone significant changes. According to the study, it is shown that the new words in the Taiwanese vocabulary system are constantly increasing, and the second is due to the development of the network culture. Taiwan's unique words are gradually adopted by the mainland, and the ratio of the use and circulation in the mainland gradually increased. With Taiwan and mainland China exchanges more frequent, the mainland gradually familiar with the characteristics of Taiwan's culture and language in the process, originally Taiwan's purely specific words of certain words, became cross-strait transfer words, circulation words and common words. On the other hand, Taiwan and mainland China political system is different, the mainland side of the Taiwan political and election aspects of the unique acceptance is not, so Taiwan and mainland China transfer words, circulation words and shared words did not appear on the political, election words.In the economic and business areas, the mainland to the Chinese characteristics of the socialist market economy, corporate form and economic environment are different from Taiwan, from the results of the study can be seen that the absorption of Taiwanese special word ratio is low.

[어른들을 위한 동화] 다르니까, 더 좋아!

정리연 새가정사 2024 새가정 Vol.773 No.-

两岸外来词翻译的差异研究

정리방 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2016 中國硏究 Vol.68 No.-

There are three reasons for the translation difference of foreign words between the two sides of Taiwan Strait. The first is political and cultural differences, the second is language habit difference, and the third is the different translation technique in each field. This essay takes three translation viewpoint __ sound translation, meaning translation, sound and meaning translation, to discuss the translation difference of foreign words between the two sides of Taiwan Strait. The three above translation methods have different kinds of variations when applied in the fields of 1. Personal names and geographical names 2. Scientific, technical and Internet terms 3. Trademark naming…etc. Thus, it needs to analyze and explain deeply. In terms of personal names translation, both side of Strait mostly apply “sound translation”. However, in Taiwan, there is a habit of chineselizing of foreign names; famous people usually were translated into Chinese family names. Foreign people with Chinese family names create amiable rapport. This open mentality is what Chinese saying, “. The whole world is one family, all in universe are friends”. In aspect of geographical names translation, both side of Strait mostly apply “sound translation”. In respect of scientific, technical and Internet terms translation, both side of Strait mostly apply strict “meaning translation”. There are three reasons for the translation difference: First is that each side of Strait understands the original words in different viewpoint, the second is that each side of Strait is influenced by their own language habits and psychology, the third is the different translation technique. Foreign trademark translation is different from the translation of personal names, geographical names, scientific and technical terms. The former requires not only to understand the merchandise itself but also to consider the elements of product advertisement and consumers’ acceptance and reaction. While translating automobile trademarks, both side of Strait apply four methods: “sound translation”, ”meaning translation” “sound and meaning translation” and “non-translation”. Among the “sound and meaning translation”, we can find examples that satisfy every kind of the trademark translation principles as well as include the translation characteristic of compensatory translation and social translation. Through the evolution of trademark naming, we can observe the change in trend and consumer psychology. In addition, the trademark-merging phenomenon in both side of Strait deserves our attention, for those examples reflect the tendency of information exchange and trademark sharing in globalization era. 两岸外来词翻译差异的原因有三:一是两岸政治和文化方面的差异,二是两岸语言习惯的差异,三在是各领域翻译技巧的差异。本论文采取三种翻译法的角度,即“音译法”、“意译法”、“音意兼译”,以探讨两岸外来词翻译的差异。这些翻译法运用在(1)人名与地名(2)科技与网络用词(3)商标命名等各个领域中,出现了各种不同的变化,因此需要深入地剖析和说明。在人名翻译方面,两岸大部分采用“音译法”。但因为台湾有汉化外文名的习惯,多以汉姓翻译这些著名人物。汉化外国人的姓,是台湾人对有汉姓的外国人产生亲切感,这种开放的心态,是“天下一家,四海皆朋”的心态。在地名翻译方面,两岸大部分采用音译法。在科技与网络用词翻译方面,两岸大多采取严格的意译法。他们翻译的差异有三种原因。一是各自对原词理解的角度不同。二是受各自语言习惯和心理的影响。 三是由于翻译技巧的差异。外国商标的翻译与人名、地名、科技用词的翻译不同,除了对商品本身的理解以外,得考虑产品的广告和消费者的接受度或反应等因素。在汽车商标的翻译方面,两岸采取音译、意译、音意兼译和不译法的四种译法。其中,在音意兼译词中,可找出不仅满足商标翻译的各种原则,而且包含着补偿式译法、交际式译法等翻译特色的例子。我们可从商标命名的变迁中观察时代潮流和消费心理的变化。另外,值得注意的是两岸商标互相融合的现象。这些例子反映着全球化时代的信息交流和商标共有的趋势。

낙상으로 응급실에 내원한 노인 환자의 낙상 재발률과 위험 요인 조사

정리나,호자현,정윤용,박기현,김정아,김무영,함은미 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Practice Vol.9 No.6

Background: Several studies have evaluated risk factors for falls; however, the risk factors for recurrent falls are poorly understood. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with recurrent falls. Methods: This study included 250 patients aged over 65 years, all of whom visited the emergency department (ED) at Seoul Medical Center following a fall from January 2016 to December 2017. We reviewed the patients’ medical records for demographic data and medical history. Previous fall history, use of gait-aids, residence type, and fall recurrence were assessed via individual telephone calls. Results: During the follow-up period, 21.6% (n=54) of the 250 subjects experienced recurrent falls. Logistic regression analyses showed that fall recurrence was significantly associated with a previous fall history and the residence type. Subjects who lived in basement-level residences had a significantly higher risk of fall recurrence compared to those who lived in ground-level residences (odds ratio, 8.910; 95% confidence interval, 1.082–73.366). Conclusion: This study revealed a high incidence of fall recurrence in older adults who visited the ED due to falls. Our results suggest that careful evaluation and intervention are essential, especially in elderly individuals with fall histories and those who live in residences associated with ncreased risk of falls. 연구배경: 노인에서 낙상의 위험요인을 평가하는 많은 연구들이 선행되었음에도 불구하고 재낙상의 위험요인에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 낙상으로 서울의료원 응급실에 내원한 65세 이상의 노인 환자의 낙상 재발률과 낙상 재발의 위험요인을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 방법: 2016년 1월부터 2017년 12월 사이에 서울의료원 응급실에 낙상으로 내원한 환자들의 의무기록 자료를 이용하였고, 대상자를 선정하여 전화조사로 응급실 내원 이후 조사 시점까지의 재낙상 여부와 응급실 내원 이전 5년 이내의 낙상 경험, 보조기 사용 유무 및 주거환경에 대한 답변을 통해 자료를 정리하였다. 연구하고자 하는 변수에 결측값이 있는 대상, 전화 설문조사에 동의하지 않거나 연락이 되지 않는 대상을 제외하였다. 결과: 전체 조사대상 250명 중 54명(21.6%)이 낙상으로 응급실 내원이후 1년 이내 재낙상을 경험하였고 이들 중 21명(38.9%)이 이전에 낙상 경험이 있는 환자들이었다. 이전의 낙상 경험이 재낙상의 위험도를 증가시키며(odds ratio, 3.247; 95% CI, 1.054–10.006), 지하층에 사는 노인이 지상층에 사는 노인보다 낙상 재발의 위험도가 높았다 (odds ratio, 8.910; 95% CI, 1.082–73.366). 결론: 본 연구에서 낙상으로 응급실에 내원한 노인 환자의 20% 이상이 1–2년 이내에 다시 낙상을 경험하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 과거의 낙상 경험과 위험한 주거환경이 낙상 재발의 위험 요인이 될 수 있음을 보였다. 향후 지역사회에 기반한 종합적인 낙상 예방프로그램의 조속한 준비가 필요하며, 응급실로 내원하는 낙상 고위험 노인은 다면 낙상 예방 프로그램의 1차적인 대상이 될 수 있다.