형태학적 형질에 의한 한국산 현삼속(현삼과)의 분류학적 연구

장현도,오병운 한국자원식물학회 2013 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Morphology of Korean Scrophularia species were reviewed to clarify taxonomic characters, their variations andtaxon delimitation. Habitats, root forms, foliaceous types, glandular trichomes on stems and leaves, flowering seasons,calyx shapes, corolla colors and shapes, as well as ovary basal shapes are diagnostic characters to classify series in thisgenus. From the result, 1) S. alata is distinguished from its closely related species S. takesimensis by lengths of stem ribs,widths of petioles, and types of corolla lobes; 2) S. buergeriana is characterized by spike-like inflorescences, shortpeduncles and pedicels, and yellowish green corollas; 3) lanceolate-shaped leaves and calyces, and axillary-like cymeinflorescences delimitate S. koraiensis easily from the other taxa; 4) smaller leaves discriminate S. kakudensis var. microphylla from S. kakudensis var. kakudensis, and 5) S. cephalantha is distinguished from S. kakudensis by broadly ovateto sub-orbicular shaped leaves, earlier flowering seasons, and smaller numbered flowers on shorter inflorescences. Inconclusion, the Korean Scrophularia is classified as 7 taxa, 6 species and 1 variety in 2 series. Keys to the series and taxa areprovided. 식별형질이 적거나 명확하지 않아서 동정하는데 어려움이 있었던 한국산 현삼속 식물의 형태학적 형질을 재검토하였다. 이에 근거하여 각 분류군의 변이의 한계와 식별형질을 파악하였다. 생육지, 뿌리의 형태, 엽질, 줄기와 잎에분포하는 선모의 유무, 개화기, 꽃받침의 형태, 화관의 색,화관 하부열편의 길이, 화반의 유무 등은 열을 구분하는 형질로 매우 유용하였다. 이번 연구에서 1) 개현삼열에 속한개현삼과 섬현삼은 줄기 능각의 길이, 엽병의 너비, 화관 측열편과 상부열편의 중첩 정도, 화관 상부열편의 함입 정도등에 의해 명확히 구분할 수 있었다. 큰개현삼열에 속한 2)현삼은 수상형의 화서 형태, 길이가 매우 짧은 화경과 소화경, 연녹색의 화관 등이 중요한 식별형질로 확인되었고, 3)토현삼은 피침형의 엽신과 꽃받침, 엽액형의 화서 형태 등이 좋은 식별형질이었다. 4) 좀현삼은 매우 작은 잎의 길이와 너비에 의해 큰개현삼과 구분되었으며, 5) 몽울토현삼은줄기에 3~6개의 마디를 가지고, 엽신의 형태는 광난형~아원형이며, 매우 이른 개화기를 가지고, 화서는 정단에만 짧게 발달하는 특징 등을 가짐으로써 근연분류군과 뚜렷이구분되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 한국산 현삼속을 2열6종 1변종, 총 7분류군으로 정리하였고, 이들에 대한 검색표를 제시하였다.

주왕산국립공원의 관속식물상

장현도,임효선,한세희,소순구 한국자원식물학회 2019 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.32 No.4

A floristic study on the vascular plants from Juwangsan National Park was conducted 13 times in total, from March to October 2017. Based on the voucher specimens and pictures, it was revealed that the vascular plants in this region comprised 758 taxa: 112 families, 399 genera, 672 species, 4 subspecies, 72 varieties, and 10 forma. Among these plants, 221 taxa were recorded for the first time from this region. The taxa in category II of endangered plants designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment were two taxa, including Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. and Epilobium hirsutum L. The rare plants numbered 5 taxa designated by National Institute of Biological Resources were also found. 20 taxa of Korean endemic plants including Corydalis alata B.U.Oh & W.R.Lee, Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee, and Scrophularia cephalantha Nakai were investigated in this region. 40 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants in the 3rd to the 5th degrees were identified. Naturalized plants of 55 taxa were recorded, and 3 taxa of ecosystem disturbance plants, which were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Aster pilosus Willd., and Lactuca scariola L., also found. 주왕산국립공원의 관속식물상을 2017년도 3월부터 10월까지총 13회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 증거표본과 사진을 바탕으로 작성한 소산 관속식물은 112과 399속 672종 4아종 72변종 10품종의총 758분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 중 기존의 조사에서는 발견되지 않았으나 본 조사에서 최초로 밝혀진 분류군은 221분류군이었다. 멸종위기야생식물은 가시오갈피, 큰바늘꽃 등 2분류군이확인되었고, 희귀식물은 깽깽이풀, 백작약, 꼭지연잎꿩의다리등 5분류군이 관찰되었다. 한반도 고유식물은 날개현호색, 노랑무늬붓꽃, 몽울토현삼 등 20분류군이 조사되었고, 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 Ⅲ~V등급에 해당하는 40분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 총 55분류군으로 조사되었고, 생태계교란종은가시상추, 돼지풀, 미국쑥부쟁이 등 3분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화 취약종은 총 36분류군이 분포하였고, 북방계 21분류군, 남방계 2분류군, 관심식물은 13분류군으로 확인되었다.

Correction of the holotype citations of three vascular plants at the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea

장현도,오현경,현창우,남기흠 국립생물자원관 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.3

A holotype is an element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached and is key material that facilitates taxonomic research. However, type citation or designation errors due to typographical errors or inadvertent mistakes often exist. When reviewing recently published literature for the type specimens of vascular plants in the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources, we observed that three species, Isoetes laosiensis, Isoetes coreana, and Huperzia jejuensis, had errors, and the actual holotype information and the type descriptions of the protologues did not match. The name Isoetes laosiensis had a collecting number error, while Isoetes coreana and Huperzia jejuensis had collector errors. According to Article 9.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen code), if a holotype designation in the protologue of the name of a taxon is found to contain errors such as collector, collecting number, and illustration errors, the errors are to be corrected. We, therefore, corrected the errors in holotypes of three species, with no alterations made to the intents of the original authors.

Nomenclatural review of new names proposed by Yong No Lee

장현도,Sang-Jun LEE 한국식물분류학회 2022 식물 분류학회지 Vol.52 No.1

This review provides information about the nomenclatural status of new names proposed by Dr. Yong No Lee, in accordance with the current International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. A total of 363 designations and names were proposed from 16 books and 95 papers by Dr. Yong No Lee, and their status was examined, with 161 designations found to be not validly published. In addition, 13 later isonyms and ten later homonyms were found by this review. However, 173 names were found to be legitimate. All designations and names were categorized according to their nomenclatural status and were listed by place of publication. The nomenclatural statuses of six designations or names, including “Iris odaesanensis,” were not confirmed in this review. It is therefore necessary to undertake further research into the nomenclatural status of these taxa by examining their types and published protologues.

탐진강 하구역 일대(강진군)의 관속식물상

장현도,임효선,한세희,오아미,오병운,양선규,Jang, Hyun-Do,Leem, Hyosun,Han, Seahee,Oh, Ami,Oh, Byoung-Un,Yang, Sungyu 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.

큰개현삼과 근연분류군의 분류학적 재검토

장현도,김상준,김태훈,오병운 한국식물분류학회 2011 식물 분류학회지 Vol.41 No.4

The morphological characters of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. and its relatives were examined. The major features of S. kakudensis were determined to resolve the taxonomic confusion with the closely related taxa of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, S. pilosa and S. cephalantha. S. kakudensis is characterized by its flowering in Jul. to Sep., the node numbers on a stem, the size of the leaves, the development of inflorescences and the presence of glandular trichomes on its stems and leaves. S. cephalantha is distinct from S. kakudensis by the earlier flowering season, fewer node numbers on a stem, and fewer numbers of flowers on shorter rachis. Smaller sizes of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, considered to be a problematic character previously, are stable and distinctive from other taxa in the natural habitats of the multiple populations investigated in the study. Therefore, the taxon should remain as a variety of S. kakudensis. An examination of the diagnostic characteristics of S. pilosa, such as its inflorescence type and the presence of a stem with pubescence, does not provide sufficient distinction from S. kakudensis. A type specimen and habitat survey also support the merging of the two taxa. S. pilosa should be treated as a synonym of S. kakudensis, because it is considered to be a misidentification of S. kakudensis. 큰개현삼(Scrophularia kakudensis)과 근연분류군인 좀현삼(S. kakudensis var. microphylla), 일월토현삼(S. pilosa) 및 몽울토현삼(S. cephalantha)을 대상으로 원기재문과 기준표본에 근거하여 외부 형태학적 연구를 수행하였다. 줄기 마디의 수, 잎의 크기, 개화기의 차이, 화서의 발달유형 및 줄기와 잎에 털의 분포 양상 등은 큰개현삼과 근연종들의 분류에 매우 유용한 형질로 밝혀졌다. 큰개현삼은 개화기가 7−9월이고, 줄기에 7개 이상의 마디를 가지며, 화서는 정단과 엽액에서 발달하는 특징을 가진다. 반면에 몽울토현삼은 개화기가 5−6월이고, 줄기에 3−6개의 마디를 가지며, 화서는 정단에만 짧게 발달하는 특징을 가짐으로써 큰개현삼과 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 변이의 폭이 큰 큰개현삼 집단과는 달리 좀현삼은 모두 소형화된 집단을 형성하기 때문에 현재 분류계급(var. microphylla)을 유지하는 것이 타당하다. 또한 일월토현삼은 액생화서, 줄기 및 잎의 흰털이 주요 식별형질로 알려져 왔지만, 기준표본 및 기준표본지 조사에서 이들 형질들이 큰개현삼의 형질 변이 폭 내에 포함되므로 큰개현삼의 이명으로 처리하였다.

서운산 일대의 관속식물상

장현도,오아미,심선희,임효선,한세희,양선규,오병운 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.4

A floristic study on the vascular plants from Mt. Seounsan region, which ranges from Seoun-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do to Baekgok-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, was conducted 9 times in total, from April 2014 to October 2015. Based on the voucher specimens, it was revealed that the vascular plants in this region comprised 501 taxa: 97 families, 306 genera, 439 species, 5 subspecies, 51 varieties, and 6 forma. Among these plants, 185 taxa were recorded for the first time from this region. 8 Korean endemic species including Asarum patens (K.Yamaki) B.U.Oh, Scutellaria insignis Nakai, and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey were found in this region. 5 taxa of rare plants designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Iris ruthenica KerGawl., Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauverd, and Tricyrtis macropoda Miq., were also found. 11 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants in the 3rd to the 5th degrees were identified. In addition, 46 taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, and 2 taxa of ecosystem disturbance plants, which were Ambrosia trifida L. and Aster pilosus Willd., also found. 행정구역상 경기도 안성시 서운면와 충청북도 진천군 백곡면에 걸쳐있는 서운산 일대의 관속식물상을 2014년도 4월부터2015년 10월까지 총 9회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 증거표본을 바탕으로 작성한 소산 관속식물은 97과 306속 439종 5아종 51변종6품종의 총 501분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 중 기존의 조사에서는 발견되지 않았으나 본 조사에서 최초로 밝혀진 분류군은 185 분류군이었다. 한반도 특산식물은 광릉골무꽃, 금오족도리풀, 병꽃나무 등 8분류군이 조사되었고, 산림청지정 희귀식물은 솔붓꽃, 들떡쑥, 뻐꾹나리 등 5분류군이 관찰되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 Ⅲ∼V등급에 해당하는 11분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 총 68분류군으로 조사되었고, 생태계교란종은단풍잎돼지풀, 미국쑥부쟁이 2분류군이 확인되었다.

Lectotypification of the names Scrophularia alata and S. kakudensis (Scrophulariaceae)

장현도,Seong-Jin Ji,노태권,Hyun Kyung Oh,Gi-Heum Nam 국립생물자원관 2021 Journal of species research Vol.10 No.2

According to Article 9.3 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code), a lectotype may be selected as the nomenclatural type from the original material, if the name was published without a holotype. While reviewing the genus Scrophularia collected in Northeast Asia, we found that two species, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., were still untypified. S. alata has three specimens considered as syntypes in two herbaria, Harvard University and the Smithsonian Institution. For S. kakudensis, two specimens considered as syntypes at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris were classified as normal specimens, not type specimens. Therefore, two species of Scrophularia L. namely, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., are lectotypified. The lectotypes are kept in the Harvard University and the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, respectively. Furthermore, some nomenclatural issues related to these names are discussed, and the photographs of the selected lectotypes are provided.

한강종합개발 이후 한강하구 및 경기만의 퇴적환경

장현도,오재경 한국해양학회 1991 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

For the purpose of examining the depositional sedimentary environments in the Han River estuary and around the Kyunggi Bay posterior to the Han river's developments, a hydrological and sedimen-tological survey was carried out. According to the hydrological and sedimentological conditions, the studied area can be divided into 3 depositional sedimentary environments: Fluvial, Estuarine and coastal-Bay. Posterior to the Han river's developments, however, the alterations of hydrodynamic condition in the Han river have caused a substantial change of the sedimentary environments in the lower Han river and its estuary. That is, the contents of total suspended sediment anterior to the Developments decreased from 37mg/l (in the lower Han River) and 500-1750 mg/l (at the Kanghwa Bridge) to 18 mg/l and 208-1142 mg/l posterior to the developments. these changes seem to have caused the siltation near the sin-gok Underwater Dam. Thus the characters of the boundary condition between the fluvial and the estuarine environments have rapidly changed. It is considered that these changes result mainly from the construction of the two underwater dams for the maintenance of the water level of the Han river. As the estuary is a transition zone between land and sea, these changes in the Han River estuary might affect the sedimentary environments around the Kyunggi Bay. In order to verify the effects of these changes, it is necessary that a detailed survey be carried out around the Han River estuary including the Imjin and Yesong River estuaries.

고지방식이 흰쥐에서 산초나무 Butanol 및 Methylene Chloride분획의 항혈전 및 항염증 작용

장현서(Jang Hyun-Seo),이순재(Rhee Soon-Jae),우미희(Woo Mi-Hee),조성희(Cho Sung-Hee) 韓國營養學會 2007 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.40 No.7

본 연구에서는 in vitro에서 검색된 산초나무 잎의 용매분획의 항혈전 및 항염증작용을 in vivo에서 확인하고자 고지방식이를 섭취한 흰쥐에게 n-butanol 분획과 methylene chloride 분획을 1일 50, 100, 150 ㎎을 4주간 경구투여 하였다. 혈장 APTT 및 TT는 정상식이군에 비해 고지방식 이군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 고지방식이군에 methylene chloride분획 50 ㎎ 이상 공급군은 유의적으로 증가 되어 100 ㎎ 이상 공급군은 정상식이군 수준이었다. 다형 핵 백혈구 5’-lipoxygenase 활성과 leukotriene B₄ 함량이 정상식이군에 비해 고지방식이군에서 증가되었으며, 5’-lipoxygenase 활성은 두 용매 분획을 100 ㎎ 이상 공급한 군들이 모두 감소하였다. 백혈구의 leukotriene B₄ 함량은 n-butanol 분획에 의하여 역시 100 ㎎ 이상 공급으로 감소하였으나 methylene chloride 분획에 의하여는 150 ㎎ 공급군에서만 감소하였다. 간 조직 마이크로솜의 cytochrome P₄?? 함량은 정상식이군에 비해 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 증가되었으며, 두 용매분획의 투여로 감소하는 경향이었으나 butanol 분획 150 ㎎ 투여군에서만 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간 조직 O₂?의 함량과 H₂O₂ 함량도 정상식이군에 비해 고지방식이군에서 증가되었으며, butanol 분획 100 ㎎ 이상 투여로 O₂ 의 함량이 감소하고 methylene chloride분획 100 ㎎ 이상에서 H₂O₂ 함량이 감소하였고 두 용매 분획을 150 ㎎ 이상 투여하였을 때는 O₂ 와 H₂O₂ 함량이 모두 감소하였다. 간 조직 GST 활성과 GSH 함량 및 GSG/ GSSG 비율은 정상식이군에 비해 고지방식이군에서 감소되었으며, 두 용매 분획 150 ㎎ 투여로 유의적으로 증가되었으나 GSG/GSSG 비율은 100 ㎎ 이상 투여로 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 산초나무 잎의 methylene chloride분획은 고지방식이 흰쥐에서 혈행 장애와 염증 반응을 완화시키고, 간 조직에서의 자유라디칼 생성계를 약화시킬 뿐만 아니라, glur tathione계의 환원상태를 유지시킴으로서 선체를 보호하는 효과가 있으며 butanol 분획은 항혈전 효과를 제외한 항염증 및 항산화작용에 의한 신체 보호 작용은 기대된다. 이러한 활성을 이용하면 날로 증가되는 지방섭취량에 의한 만성퇴행성질환을 억제하는데 우수한 기능성식품 소재로써 활용할 수 있다고 생각된다. This study was performed to investigate anti-thrombogenic, anti-inflammatory effects of n-BuOH (B) and CH₂Cl₂ (MC) fractions extracted from Sancho (Zanthoxylum. schinifolium) leaves in rats fed high fat diets. The experimental animal groups were consisted of eight including one 5% fat (N) and one 20% fat (H) without the test materials in diets and six H groups of feeding three levels (50,100 and 150 ㎎/day) of the B and the MC fractions from Z. schinifolium, respectively. Plasma activated partial thromboplastin times and thrombin times ofH group were decreased compared to the N group, but they were increased by feeding the MC fraction of 50 ㎎ and over. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte 5' -lipo-xygenase activities and leukocyte leukotriene B₄ contents of the H group were significantly increased compared to the N group, but they were decreased in the 100 ㎎ and 150 ㎎ of B fraction or the 150 ㎎ of MC fraction fed groups. Liver cytochrome P₄??, O₂?, H₂O₂ and GSSG contents were increased by the high fat diet but decreased by feeding the B fraction or the MC fraction, while GSH content and glutathione S-transferase activity lowered by high fat diet were increased by feeding the two solvent fractions. The effects of the solvent fractions were evident at the level of 100 ㎎/day and over. The present results confirmed that two solvent fractions from the leaves of Z. schinifolium have enhancing effects on anti-thrombosis and anti-inflammation partly by antioxidant action and partly by direct modulation of the respective processeds. In conclusion, the n-BuOH and CH₂Cl₂ fractions from leaves of Z. schinifolium can be utilized as the proper ingredients of functional foods for preventing chronic degenerative disease.