Correction of the holotype citations of three vascular plants at the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea

장현도,오현경,현창우,남기흠 국립생물자원관 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.3

A holotype is an element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached and is key material that facilitates taxonomic research. However, type citation or designation errors due to typographical errors or inadvertent mistakes often exist. When reviewing recently published literature for the type specimens of vascular plants in the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources, we observed that three species, Isoetes laosiensis, Isoetes coreana, and Huperzia jejuensis, had errors, and the actual holotype information and the type descriptions of the protologues did not match. The name Isoetes laosiensis had a collecting number error, while Isoetes coreana and Huperzia jejuensis had collector errors. According to Article 9.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen code), if a holotype designation in the protologue of the name of a taxon is found to contain errors such as collector, collecting number, and illustration errors, the errors are to be corrected. We, therefore, corrected the errors in holotypes of three species, with no alterations made to the intents of the original authors.

주왕산국립공원의 관속식물상

장현도,임효선,한세희,소순구 한국자원식물학회 2019 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.32 No.4

A floristic study on the vascular plants from Juwangsan National Park was conducted 13 times in total, from March to October 2017. Based on the voucher specimens and pictures, it was revealed that the vascular plants in this region comprised 758 taxa: 112 families, 399 genera, 672 species, 4 subspecies, 72 varieties, and 10 forma. Among these plants, 221 taxa were recorded for the first time from this region. The taxa in category II of endangered plants designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment were two taxa, including Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. and Epilobium hirsutum L. The rare plants numbered 5 taxa designated by National Institute of Biological Resources were also found. 20 taxa of Korean endemic plants including Corydalis alata B.U.Oh & W.R.Lee, Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee, and Scrophularia cephalantha Nakai were investigated in this region. 40 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants in the 3rd to the 5th degrees were identified. Naturalized plants of 55 taxa were recorded, and 3 taxa of ecosystem disturbance plants, which were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Aster pilosus Willd., and Lactuca scariola L., also found. 주왕산국립공원의 관속식물상을 2017년도 3월부터 10월까지총 13회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 증거표본과 사진을 바탕으로 작성한 소산 관속식물은 112과 399속 672종 4아종 72변종 10품종의총 758분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 중 기존의 조사에서는 발견되지 않았으나 본 조사에서 최초로 밝혀진 분류군은 221분류군이었다. 멸종위기야생식물은 가시오갈피, 큰바늘꽃 등 2분류군이확인되었고, 희귀식물은 깽깽이풀, 백작약, 꼭지연잎꿩의다리등 5분류군이 관찰되었다. 한반도 고유식물은 날개현호색, 노랑무늬붓꽃, 몽울토현삼 등 20분류군이 조사되었고, 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 Ⅲ~V등급에 해당하는 40분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 총 55분류군으로 조사되었고, 생태계교란종은가시상추, 돼지풀, 미국쑥부쟁이 등 3분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화 취약종은 총 36분류군이 분포하였고, 북방계 21분류군, 남방계 2분류군, 관심식물은 13분류군으로 확인되었다.

Lectotypification of the names Scrophularia alata and S. kakudensis (Scrophulariaceae)

장현도,Seong-Jin Ji,노태권,Hyun Kyung Oh,Gi-Heum Nam 국립생물자원관 2021 Journal of species research Vol.10 No.2

According to Article 9.3 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code), a lectotype may be selected as the nomenclatural type from the original material, if the name was published without a holotype. While reviewing the genus Scrophularia collected in Northeast Asia, we found that two species, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., were still untypified. S. alata has three specimens considered as syntypes in two herbaria, Harvard University and the Smithsonian Institution. For S. kakudensis, two specimens considered as syntypes at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris were classified as normal specimens, not type specimens. Therefore, two species of Scrophularia L. namely, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., are lectotypified. The lectotypes are kept in the Harvard University and the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, respectively. Furthermore, some nomenclatural issues related to these names are discussed, and the photographs of the selected lectotypes are provided.

큰개현삼과 근연분류군의 분류학적 재검토

장현도,김상준,김태훈,오병운 한국식물분류학회 2011 식물 분류학회지 Vol.41 No.4

The morphological characters of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. and its relatives were examined. The major features of S. kakudensis were determined to resolve the taxonomic confusion with the closely related taxa of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, S. pilosa and S. cephalantha. S. kakudensis is characterized by its flowering in Jul. to Sep., the node numbers on a stem, the size of the leaves, the development of inflorescences and the presence of glandular trichomes on its stems and leaves. S. cephalantha is distinct from S. kakudensis by the earlier flowering season, fewer node numbers on a stem, and fewer numbers of flowers on shorter rachis. Smaller sizes of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, considered to be a problematic character previously, are stable and distinctive from other taxa in the natural habitats of the multiple populations investigated in the study. Therefore, the taxon should remain as a variety of S. kakudensis. An examination of the diagnostic characteristics of S. pilosa, such as its inflorescence type and the presence of a stem with pubescence, does not provide sufficient distinction from S. kakudensis. A type specimen and habitat survey also support the merging of the two taxa. S. pilosa should be treated as a synonym of S. kakudensis, because it is considered to be a misidentification of S. kakudensis. 큰개현삼(Scrophularia kakudensis)과 근연분류군인 좀현삼(S. kakudensis var. microphylla), 일월토현삼(S. pilosa) 및 몽울토현삼(S. cephalantha)을 대상으로 원기재문과 기준표본에 근거하여 외부 형태학적 연구를 수행하였다. 줄기 마디의 수, 잎의 크기, 개화기의 차이, 화서의 발달유형 및 줄기와 잎에 털의 분포 양상 등은 큰개현삼과 근연종들의 분류에 매우 유용한 형질로 밝혀졌다. 큰개현삼은 개화기가 7−9월이고, 줄기에 7개 이상의 마디를 가지며, 화서는 정단과 엽액에서 발달하는 특징을 가진다. 반면에 몽울토현삼은 개화기가 5−6월이고, 줄기에 3−6개의 마디를 가지며, 화서는 정단에만 짧게 발달하는 특징을 가짐으로써 큰개현삼과 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 변이의 폭이 큰 큰개현삼 집단과는 달리 좀현삼은 모두 소형화된 집단을 형성하기 때문에 현재 분류계급(var. microphylla)을 유지하는 것이 타당하다. 또한 일월토현삼은 액생화서, 줄기 및 잎의 흰털이 주요 식별형질로 알려져 왔지만, 기준표본 및 기준표본지 조사에서 이들 형질들이 큰개현삼의 형질 변이 폭 내에 포함되므로 큰개현삼의 이명으로 처리하였다.

Nomenclatural review of new names proposed by Yong No Lee

장현도,Sang-Jun LEE 한국식물분류학회 2022 식물 분류학회지 Vol.52 No.1

This review provides information about the nomenclatural status of new names proposed by Dr. Yong No Lee, in accordance with the current International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. A total of 363 designations and names were proposed from 16 books and 95 papers by Dr. Yong No Lee, and their status was examined, with 161 designations found to be not validly published. In addition, 13 later isonyms and ten later homonyms were found by this review. However, 173 names were found to be legitimate. All designations and names were categorized according to their nomenclatural status and were listed by place of publication. The nomenclatural statuses of six designations or names, including “Iris odaesanensis,” were not confirmed in this review. It is therefore necessary to undertake further research into the nomenclatural status of these taxa by examining their types and published protologues.

한강종합개발 이후 한강하구 및 경기만의 퇴적환경

장현도,오재경 한국해양학회 1991 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

For the purpose of examining the depositional sedimentary environments in the Han River estuary and around the Kyunggi Bay posterior to the Han river's developments, a hydrological and sedimen-tological survey was carried out. According to the hydrological and sedimentological conditions, the studied area can be divided into 3 depositional sedimentary environments: Fluvial, Estuarine and coastal-Bay. Posterior to the Han river's developments, however, the alterations of hydrodynamic condition in the Han river have caused a substantial change of the sedimentary environments in the lower Han river and its estuary. That is, the contents of total suspended sediment anterior to the Developments decreased from 37mg/l (in the lower Han River) and 500-1750 mg/l (at the Kanghwa Bridge) to 18 mg/l and 208-1142 mg/l posterior to the developments. these changes seem to have caused the siltation near the sin-gok Underwater Dam. Thus the characters of the boundary condition between the fluvial and the estuarine environments have rapidly changed. It is considered that these changes result mainly from the construction of the two underwater dams for the maintenance of the water level of the Han river. As the estuary is a transition zone between land and sea, these changes in the Han River estuary might affect the sedimentary environments around the Kyunggi Bay. In order to verify the effects of these changes, it is necessary that a detailed survey be carried out around the Han River estuary including the Imjin and Yesong River estuaries.

형태학적 형질에 의한 한국산 현삼속(현삼과)의 분류학적 연구

장현도,오병운 한국자원식물학회 2013 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Morphology of Korean Scrophularia species were reviewed to clarify taxonomic characters, their variations andtaxon delimitation. Habitats, root forms, foliaceous types, glandular trichomes on stems and leaves, flowering seasons,calyx shapes, corolla colors and shapes, as well as ovary basal shapes are diagnostic characters to classify series in thisgenus. From the result, 1) S. alata is distinguished from its closely related species S. takesimensis by lengths of stem ribs,widths of petioles, and types of corolla lobes; 2) S. buergeriana is characterized by spike-like inflorescences, shortpeduncles and pedicels, and yellowish green corollas; 3) lanceolate-shaped leaves and calyces, and axillary-like cymeinflorescences delimitate S. koraiensis easily from the other taxa; 4) smaller leaves discriminate S. kakudensis var. microphylla from S. kakudensis var. kakudensis, and 5) S. cephalantha is distinguished from S. kakudensis by broadly ovateto sub-orbicular shaped leaves, earlier flowering seasons, and smaller numbered flowers on shorter inflorescences. Inconclusion, the Korean Scrophularia is classified as 7 taxa, 6 species and 1 variety in 2 series. Keys to the series and taxa areprovided. 식별형질이 적거나 명확하지 않아서 동정하는데 어려움이 있었던 한국산 현삼속 식물의 형태학적 형질을 재검토하였다. 이에 근거하여 각 분류군의 변이의 한계와 식별형질을 파악하였다. 생육지, 뿌리의 형태, 엽질, 줄기와 잎에분포하는 선모의 유무, 개화기, 꽃받침의 형태, 화관의 색,화관 하부열편의 길이, 화반의 유무 등은 열을 구분하는 형질로 매우 유용하였다. 이번 연구에서 1) 개현삼열에 속한개현삼과 섬현삼은 줄기 능각의 길이, 엽병의 너비, 화관 측열편과 상부열편의 중첩 정도, 화관 상부열편의 함입 정도등에 의해 명확히 구분할 수 있었다. 큰개현삼열에 속한 2)현삼은 수상형의 화서 형태, 길이가 매우 짧은 화경과 소화경, 연녹색의 화관 등이 중요한 식별형질로 확인되었고, 3)토현삼은 피침형의 엽신과 꽃받침, 엽액형의 화서 형태 등이 좋은 식별형질이었다. 4) 좀현삼은 매우 작은 잎의 길이와 너비에 의해 큰개현삼과 구분되었으며, 5) 몽울토현삼은줄기에 3~6개의 마디를 가지고, 엽신의 형태는 광난형~아원형이며, 매우 이른 개화기를 가지고, 화서는 정단에만 짧게 발달하는 특징 등을 가짐으로써 근연분류군과 뚜렷이구분되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 한국산 현삼속을 2열6종 1변종, 총 7분류군으로 정리하였고, 이들에 대한 검색표를 제시하였다.

탐진강 하구역 일대(강진군)의 관속식물상

장현도,임효선,한세희,오아미,오병운,양선규,Jang, Hyun-Do,Leem, Hyosun,Han, Seahee,Oh, Ami,Oh, Byoung-Un,Yang, Sungyu 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.

서운산 일대의 관속식물상

장현도,오아미,심선희,임효선,한세희,양선규,오병운 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.4

A floristic study on the vascular plants from Mt. Seounsan region, which ranges from Seoun-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do to Baekgok-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, was conducted 9 times in total, from April 2014 to October 2015. Based on the voucher specimens, it was revealed that the vascular plants in this region comprised 501 taxa: 97 families, 306 genera, 439 species, 5 subspecies, 51 varieties, and 6 forma. Among these plants, 185 taxa were recorded for the first time from this region. 8 Korean endemic species including Asarum patens (K.Yamaki) B.U.Oh, Scutellaria insignis Nakai, and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey were found in this region. 5 taxa of rare plants designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Iris ruthenica KerGawl., Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauverd, and Tricyrtis macropoda Miq., were also found. 11 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants in the 3rd to the 5th degrees were identified. In addition, 46 taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, and 2 taxa of ecosystem disturbance plants, which were Ambrosia trifida L. and Aster pilosus Willd., also found. 행정구역상 경기도 안성시 서운면와 충청북도 진천군 백곡면에 걸쳐있는 서운산 일대의 관속식물상을 2014년도 4월부터2015년 10월까지 총 9회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 증거표본을 바탕으로 작성한 소산 관속식물은 97과 306속 439종 5아종 51변종6품종의 총 501분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 중 기존의 조사에서는 발견되지 않았으나 본 조사에서 최초로 밝혀진 분류군은 185 분류군이었다. 한반도 특산식물은 광릉골무꽃, 금오족도리풀, 병꽃나무 등 8분류군이 조사되었고, 산림청지정 희귀식물은 솔붓꽃, 들떡쑥, 뻐꾹나리 등 5분류군이 관찰되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 Ⅲ∼V등급에 해당하는 11분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 총 68분류군으로 조사되었고, 생태계교란종은단풍잎돼지풀, 미국쑥부쟁이 2분류군이 확인되었다.

Lactobacillus plantarum MKHA15와 Leuconostoc mesenteroides MKSR을 첨가한 발효 채소 주스의 특성

장현아,김미숙 대한영양사협회 2019 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.25 No.4

The objective of this study was to develop fermented vegetable juices that possess antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Lactobacillus plantarum MKHA15 (MKHA15) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides MKSR (MKSR) were applied to ferment onion, cabbage, and tomato juices at 37oC and 30oC for 72 h, respectively, and their functionality was tested using the 12 h hour-fermented juice by MKHA15, and 48h hour-fermented juice by MKSR. Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity was observed in all fermented juices. The onion juice fermented by MKHA15 showed significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity compared to other juices. All juices showed more than 70% inhibition of α-amylase activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of onion juice fermented by MKSR showed significantly lower activity than cabbage and tomato juices; however, no difference was observed between the types of starter cultures. The SOD-like activity of cabbage juice fermented by MKSR was the highest among the fermented juices. The juices fermented by MKHA15 showed higher reducing power than those by MKSR. Therefore, we believe that cabbage, onion and tomato juice fermented by MKHA15 and MKSR would be useful in probiotic juices, as they possess antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.