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의료법에 의하여 개설되지 아니한 의료기관의 요양급여비용청구와 사기죄
임지연(Lim, Ji-Yeun),김계현(Kim, Kye-Hyun) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2021 東亞法學 Vol.- No.92
본 연구에서는 의료법에 의하여 개설되지 아니한 의료기관의 요양급여비용청구에 대한 사기죄 의율의 적합성과 정당화를 검토했다. 사기죄 확장을 통해서 국민건강보험공단의 건강보험 재정 악화를 예방할 수 있는지, 사기죄로 의율함에 따라 국민건강보험법 제57조 규정의 실효성을 확보할 수 있는지에 대한 입증자료가 존재하지 않은 상황에서 형법의 사기죄를 적용하는 것은 적절하지 않다. 2020년 12월 국민건강보험법 개정을 통해 사무장병원과 동일하게 의료법 제4조 제2항과 제33조 제8항 본문을 위반하여 개설된 의료기관도 요양급여비용청구 권한이 없는 것으로 해석하는 것이 가능하도록 법적 체계가 구성되었다. 동일한 법적 체계 구성을 이유로 제4조 제2항과 제33조 제8항 본문 위반 요양기관의 요양급여비용청구에 대한 사기죄 성립은 더욱 신중해야 한다. 해석론이 정립되지 않은 의료법 제4조 제2항과 여전히 위헌적 요소가 있는 의료법 제33조 제8항 본문 위반 의료기관에까지 사기죄를 적용하는 것은 적절하지 않다. 사기죄는 형식상 의료법 개설 위반으로 판단할 것이 아니라 대가 지급이 적정했는지를 기준으로 판단하여야 한다. 즉 사기죄의 기망행위 판단은 전 법률적인 반사회성이 존재하는지 여부가 판단의 본질적 요소가 되어야 한다. 또한 의료기관 개설자가 의료인인지 비의료인인지로 구분되는 사무장병원과 제4조 제2항, 제33조 제8항 본문 위반 의료기관의 불법의 질을 동일하게 볼 수는 없다. 이에 사기죄를 성립시키기 위해서는 행위에 따른 가벌성 및 비난가능성에 따라 법정형을 차등화하고 면책규정을 마련해야 한다. This study is to examine the suitability and legitimacy of applying fraud on medical institution’s(established not following the Medical Service Act) claim for health care benefits. It is inappropriate to apply fraud on above case for sound finance of National Health Insurance Service with absence supporting evidence. Medical institutions, established not following Article 4 (2) and 33 (8) have no right for health care benefit claims, same as non-medical practitioner hospitals when it amended the National Health Insurance Act in Dec. 2020. So, it is required a more judicious approach to applying fraud on this issue. Technically speaking, it is not proper that medical institutions are accused of fraud for breaching two articles of the Medical Service Act; Article 4 (2) which is not yet set up clear interpretation, and 33 (8) which has unconstitutional elements. Judging fraud should be settled by appropriateness of payment, not based on whether it breaches articles of the Medical Service Act. Therefore, it should be considered to differentiate statutory punishment depending on the culpability and likelihood of accusation, and lay down exemption provisions.
임지연 ( Ji Yeon Lim ),문경원 ( Kyoung Won Moon ),김소영 ( So Young Kim ),김성현 ( Seong Hyun Kim ),최혜영 ( Hae Young Choi ),명기범 ( Ki Bum Myung ),최유원 ( You Won Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2008 대한피부과학회지 Vol.46 No.8
Lipomatous neurofibroma is a recently described, very rare variant of neurofibroma. It shows a well-circumscribed nodule consisting of fascicles or whorls of spindle cells with an extensive lipomatous component. These fat cells are considered to be an integral part of this tumor, not a metaplastic or degenerative process. It may be due to the differentiation of local stem cells of neural crest. Herein we report a case of lipomatous neurofibroma, the rare pathological variant of neurofibroma with extensive mature fat cells. (Korean J Dermatol 2008;46(8):1117~1119)
남현진,임지연,이창훈,박세훈,Nam, Hyun Jin,Lim, Ji Yeon,Lee, Chang Hoon,Park, Se-Hoon 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2020 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.27 No.3
신축/유연한 전극을 무언가에 접착하거나 전극에 무언가를 접착하기 위해서는 전극의 특성에 맞는 전도성 접착제가 필요하다. 전도성 접착제는 접착성과 전도성이 필수적으로 요구된다. 특히 접착성 부분은 내구성과 내열성이 요구되며 기존 접착제와 다르게 전도성까지 보유해야한다. 그러기 위해서는 강도와 접착성이 좋은 에폭시를 접착제로 선정하였고 여기에 기존 주제와 경화제로 이루어진 2액형 소재가 아닌 가소제와 보강제까지 혼합하여 4액형 소재를 사용하여 신축/유연성을 고분자에 부여하였다. 전도성 필러는 비저항이 낮은 재료인 은으로 선정하였고 높은 전도성을 위해 3가지 모양의 Ag 입자를 사용해 패킹성을 높였다. 이렇게 개발된 전도성 접착제와 실제 판매되고 있는 에폭시 기반 전도성 접착제 2개와 전도성을 비교하였고 실제 판매되고 있는 제품보다 약 10배정도의 우수한 전도성 결과가 도출되었다. 그리고 가소제와 보강제 여부에 따른 전도성, 기계적 특성, 접착력, 강도를 평가하였다. 또한 120℃에서 5분 경화 후에 60%의 인장에도 문제가 없었으며 연필경도는 6H로 우수하게 측정되었다. 3M tape test를 통해 전극의 접착력을 확인한 결과 바인더의 배합 비율에 관계없이 모두 우수한 결과를 보였다. 전극 위에 Cu sheet를 전도성 접착제를 통해 부착시킨 후 접촉저항을 확인한 결과 0.3 Ω으로 우수한 성능을 보였다. To attach a stretchable/flexible electrode to something or something to on electrode, conductive adhesives must be stretchable/flexible to suit the properties of the electrode. In particular, conductive adhesive require durability and heat resistance, and unlike conventional adhesives, they should also have conductivity. To this end, Epoxy, which has good strength and adhesion, was selected as an adhesive, and a plasticizer and a reinforcement were mixed instead of a two-liquid material consisting of a conventional theme and a hardener, and a four-liquid material was used to give stretchability/flexibility to high molecules. The conductive filler was selected as silver, a material with low resistance, and for high conductivity, three shapes of Ag particles were used to increase packing density. Conductivity was compared with these developed conductive adhesives and two epoxy-based conductive adhesives being sold in practice, and about 10 times better conductivity results were obtained than products being actually sold. In addition, conductivity, mechanical properties, adhesion and strength were evaluated according to the presence of plasticizers and reinforcement agent. There was also no problem with 60% tensile after 5 minutes of curing at 120℃, and pencil hardness was excellently measured at 6H. As a result of checking the adhesion of electrodes through 3M tape test, all of them showed excellent results regardless of the mixing ratio of binders. After attaching the Cu sheet on top of the electrode through conductive adhesive, the contact resistance was checked and showed excellent performance with 0.3 Ω.
정승현 ( Seung Hyun Cheong ),임지연 ( Ji Yeon Lim ),최혜영 ( Hae Young Choi ),명기범 ( Ki Bum Myung ),최유원 ( You Won Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2009 대한피부과학회지 Vol.47 No.6
Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation (SESD) is a rare benign neoplasm that shows unique histologic features despite of the non-specific clinical findings. It is histopathologically characterized by a superficial multilobular plate-like proliferation of basaloid cells with clusters of sebocytes, and the plate-like proliferation has numerous broad attachments to the overlying epidermis. We report here on a case of multiple SESDs that presented on the trunk and extremities of 59-year-old woman. (Korean J Dermatol 2009;47(6):699∼701)
Impact of combined Application of Urea and Manure Compost on Soil Ammonia Emission
Adegoke Toluwase O(아데코게 툴루와즈),Tae-il Moon(문태일),Jiyoung Seo(서지영),Ji yeon Lim(임지연),Jae-Ho An(안재호),Hyun-Hwoi Ku(구현회) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
The rapid soil nutrient degradation and necessity to meet the nutritional need of the world growing population resulted in excessive use of chemical fertilizer. Urea is the most commonly used chemical fertilizer and is reported to be responsible for 80 - 95 % of total ammonia emissions to the atmosphere. Ammonia volatilization decreases the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization and poses risk to human health and the environment. An eco and environmentally friendly approach of combining urea and compost was perceived as a better option to reduce ammonia volatilization. However, the ammonia emission of this approach into the environment and consequential effects on human health are yet to be unravelled. To bridge this gap, we evaluated the rate of ammonia emission from sandy loam soil treated with manure compost (5,000 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) and urea at different application rates (0, 100, 200, and 400) kg N ha<SUP>-1</SUP>. The laboratory experiment was performed at room temperature (25<SUP>0</SUP>C) and consisted of four treatments with 3 replications. Ammonia gas was sampled consecutively for the first 5 days and continued subsequently every week till week 4 after treatment application using the dynamic chamber method. The gas trapped in 0.5N-H₂SO₄ at each sampling time was analyzed on a UV- spectrophotometer using the nesslerization method. The result showed a sharp increase in cumulative ammonia emission between day 0 to day 7 followed by an equilibrium state which continued till the end of the experiment. Soil samples treated with compost had the least NH3 emission while the highest emission was recorded in soil samples where urea was applied at 400 kg N ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (Fig. 1). A response of urea application on ammonia emission showed linear increase. And, we could determine the rate of ammonia emission (y=0.0732x, R²=0.952**) based on the linear curve (Fig. 2). This result could contribute to identifying optimized strategies of fertilizer management and mitigation of ammonia volatilization, hence combat the negative impact of ammonia emission on human health and the environment. 〈수식 본문참조〉