감염근관에서 분리 배양한 세균의 수종 항생제에 대한 감수성 조사

임상수,김미광,민정범,김민정,박순낭,황호길,국중기,Lim, Sang-Soo,Kim, Mi-Kwang,Min, Jeong-Beom,Kim, Min-Jung,Park, Soon-Nang,Hwang, Ho-Keel,Kook, Joong-Ki 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구는 치근관 감염병소에서 세균을 분리 및 동정하고, 8종의 항생제들에 대한 분리균주들의 감수성을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 세균에 감염된 27개 치아의 괴사된 치근부 치부소직을 바비드 브로치나 페이퍼 포인트로 무균적으로 채취하였다. 치수가 채취된 부위의 바비드 브로치와 페이퍼 포인트를 500 ul의 $1{\times}PBS$ 용액에 담아 잘 혼합하고, 이를 5% 양혈이 포함된 BHI 한천배지(혈액한천배지)에 도말하여 $37^{\circ}C$ 혐기성 배양기에서 2-5일 동안 배양하였다. 혈액한천배지에서 자라난 세균은 16S rRNA 유전자(rDNA) 염기서열결정법을 이용하여 종수준으로 동정하였다. 이들 균주들의 8종 항상제에 대한 감수성은 최소성장억제농도 측정법으로 조사하였다. 본 연구결과, 101개의 세균 집락이 생겼고, Streptococcus spp. (29.7%)와 Actinomyces spp. (21.8%)가 가장 많이 검출되었다. 이들 균주들 중 9균주는 실험 도중 소실되거나 액체배지에 자라지 않아서 항생제 감수성 심험에서는 제외되었다. 각 항생제들에 대한 감수성을 조사한 결과, 분리된 균주들 중 80(87.0%) 균주가 클린다마이신에 감수성을 보였으며, 세프록심 아세틸과 테트라사이클린에 69(75.0%)가, 오그멘틴에 66(71.7%) 균주가, 페니실린 G에 63(68.5%) 균주가, 에리트로마이신에 61(66.3%) 균주가, 아목시실린에 41(44.6%) 균주가 감수성을 보였다. 그러나 시플록사신에는 29(31.5%) 균주만이 감수성을 보였다. 이러한 8종 항생제에 대한 균주들의 감수성 양상은 세균 종의 종류보다는 분리된 숙주에 따라 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 치근관 감염질환의 치료에 항생제가 필요할 경우 항생제 감수성검사를 병행하는 것이 효과적임을 시사한다. The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria isolated from endodontic lesions by cell culture and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of them against 8 antibiotics. The necrotic pulpal tissues were collected from 27 infected root canals, which were diagnosed as endodontic infection. Samples were collected aseptically from the infected pulpal tissue of the infected root canals using a barbed broach and a paper point. The cut barbed broaches and paper points were transferred to an eppendorf tube containing $500{\mu}l\;of\;1{\times}PBS$. The sample solution was briefly mixed and plated onto a BHI-agar plate containing 5% sheep blood. The agar plates were incubated in a $37^{\circ}C$ anaerobic chamber for 2 to 5 days. The bacteria grown on the agar plates were identified by comparison of 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequencing method at the species level. To test the sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from the infected root canals against 8 antibiotics, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using broth dilution assay. The data showed that 101 bacterial strains were isolated and were identified. Streptococcus spp. (29.7%) and Actinomyces spp. (21.8%) were predominantly isolated. The 9 strains were excluded in antimicrobial susceptibility test because they were lost during the experiment or were not grown in broth culture. The percentage of bacteria susceptible for each antibiotic in this study was clindamycin, 87.0% (80 of 92); tetracycline, 75.0% (69 of 92); cefuroxime axetil, 75.0% (69 of 92); amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (5:1), 71.7% (66 of 92); penicillin G, 66.3% (61 of 92); erythromycin, 66.3% (61 of 92); amoxicillin, 44.6% (41 of 92); and ciprofloxacin, 31.5% (29 of 92). The susceptibility pattern of 8 antibiotics was dependent on the host of the bacteria strains rather than the kinds of bacterial species. These results indicate that antibiotic susceptibility test should be performed when antibiotics are needed for the treatment of infected root canals.

주요 도시별 전기 소비 특성에 관한 연구

임상수(Sang-Soo Lim) 서울연구원 2009 서울도시연구 Vol.10 No.2

취득세 감면이 주택 수요에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

임상수(Sang Soo Lim) 서울연구원 2013 서울도시연구 Vol.14 No.2

부가가치 측면에서 한국의 무역 성과에 관한 연구: 미국, 일본, 중국을 중심으로

임상수 ( Sang Soo Lim ),이종하 ( Jong Ha Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2021 질서경제저널 Vol.24 No.1

This paper calculated and analyzed the trade in value-added(TiVA) in order to overcome the limitations of performance evaluation based on the total amount-based import and export and trade balance. In particular, Korea’s three traditional trading partners, the United States, Japan, and China, were classified into six industries, and Korea’s value-added trade was analyzed by sector. As a result of the empirical analysis, first, it was found that Korea is showing a trend that the size of the surplus based on added value to the US and China is increasing, and the size of the deficit based on added value with Japan is decreasing. This suggests that the gains from trade in Korea are significant not only in terms of total volume but also in terms of added value. Second, the scale of inflow and outflow of added value was found to be expanding in the manufacturing and service industries. However, it was found that the added value of other industries is decreasing. Third, the importance of China in Korea’s value-added trade is increasing, while the importance of Japan is gradually decreasing. Therefore, we present the following three policy implications. First, Korea needs to make efforts to improve its productivity and international competitiveness in the parts and materials sector in order to reduce the size of its value-added deficit with Japan or turn it into a surplus in the long term. Second, in order to sustain a continuous net inflow of added value in trade with the US and China, it is necessary to establish a mid- to long-term direction to expand the value-added balance of the service industry. Lastly, it is necessary to prepare measures to enhance the competitiveness of the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector in terms of the large outflow of added value from imports in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector.

한국 영화산업 발전을 위한 정부 정책 방향에 관한 연구

임상수(Lim, Sang-Soo) 한국문화관광연구원 2009 문화정책논총 Vol.22 No.-

휘발유 가격 안정을 위한 유류세의 탄력세율 확대 검토

임상수(Sang-Soo Lim) 한국소비자원 2009 消費者問題硏究 Vol.- No.36

고령자 운전면허 관리의 윤리적 쟁점

임상수 ( Lim Sang-soo ) 한국윤리학회(구 한국국민윤리학회) 2018 倫理硏究 Vol.123 No.1

초고령 사회에서 65세 이상 고령운전자들의 운전면허는 단순한 행정적 교통안전 관리제도가 아니다. 기본권인 행복추구권과 공익상의 안전권이 충돌하는 사회윤리적 문제이다. 많은 나라들이 고령운전자의 운전권을 박탈하거나 제한하는 면허관리제도와 고령운전자의 안전한 운전을 돕는 환경 개선의 노력을 동시에 기울인다. 그러나 고령운전자들의 개인 능력과 상황이 모두 다르기 때문에 일률적인 연령별 제한 조치는 비윤리적일 수밖에 없다. 편의와 효율이 아닌 윤리적 정당성을 고려한 조치들이 필요하다. 고령자들의 안전 운전을 돕는 기술 개발과 시설 개선의 보정적 접근은, 윤리적 정당성이 확보된 것이므로 현재보다 더 세분화된 서비스를 확대 제공하면 된다. 고령자들의 운전을 제한하는 배제적 접근은, 사업용면허와 자가용 면허의 경우를 달리하여 신중히 시행하되 의료와 교육 지원을 함께 제공해야 할 것이다. 특히, 고령자들의 자발적인 운전 포기 내지는 면허 반납을 장려하는 제도에 주목할 필요가 있다. 공화주의적 시민성 윤리에 기반하여 자발적으로 운전면허를 반납하는 고령자들에게 칭송과 명예를 제공하며, 동시에 다양한 혜택과 보상을 제공하는 윤리적 제도들을 마련하여 적극 추진할 것을 제안한다. How to manage the driver’s license of elder people aged over 65 is not a simple traffic administrational issue. It is a complicated issue in the field of social ethics where public safety collides with basic unalienable right of pursuit of happiness. Almost every societies have driver’s license managing system that limits elder people’s right. Also every country put some stresses on the effort to develop safer environments for driving. But, every older aged driver’s personal condition is different from others’. So, indifferent uniformly restriction of license which is based on age cannot be justified ethically. We have to make new measures based on ethical justice rather than convenience or efficiency. Exclusive measures have to differentiate commercial driver license with non-commercial one. Processes of elimination have to be designed carefully. More appropriate Driving Safely education programs should be provided to elder people. Furthermore, system of Voluntarily Return of Elderly Driver’s License should be encouraged. We have to praise them and give full compliments including many compensatory privileges and benefits. We need to look at the introduction of Honorable Mark of Silver Voluntary Returner’s or Free Alternative Demand -Responding Transporting vehicles. Increasing compensatory measures along with decreasing exclusive eliminating measures can be the most important keynote of policy to cope with Older Driver’s License issue.

정부지출의 국가 간 파급 효과 분석

임상수 ( Sang Soo Lim ) 한국재정정책학회 2018 財政政策論集 Vol.20 No.2

As globalization is spreading rapidly, the economic condition of a country is likely to affect the whole world. Therefore, the analysis of inter-country economic ripple effects is becoming more and more important. This study aims to calculate the economic ripple effect of government fiscal expenditure such as input ratio, output ratio, production inducement coefficient, etc. by processing the inter-country industry connection table provided by OECD. As the government's fiscal spending is increasing, this paper analyzes Korea's economic ripple effects by government spending, focusing on Korea. As a result of the analysis, the share of the government expenditure in the final demand has increased and the portion of the service industry has increased. In addition, the government's fiscal expenditure is gradually increasing in proportion to the foreign countries and is concentrated in the United States and China. Especially China, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Germany, Vietnam, France and Thailand showed a sharp increase in fiscal spending on Korea. In addition, the production inducement coefficient of Korea 's fiscal spending is relatively high, especially the overseas spillover effect has increased rapidly. The effect of this fiscal stimulus on industrial production was increased except for agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Finally, the domestic production inducement coefficient shows that the larger the proportion of government expenditure in the final demand, the greater the proportion of the input service industry.

신성장 서비스업으로서의 녹색서비스 육성을 위한 정책 방안에 관한 연구

임상수 ( Sang Soo Lim ) 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2011 지역과 세계 Vol.35 No.2

This study is trying to analyze why the service industry is important. The service industry can change the structure of manufacture-oriented industry and accomplish the green growth in Korea. It explained how the change of domestic and foreign environment has the effect on the service and manufacture industry. And the Climate Change is likely to have the negative effects on the korean companies. Some of the service industries can help those companies minimizing risk caused by Climate Change. Those service industries are defined as green service industry including consulting service, financial service, IT service and meteorological service. But the policy about consulting service, financial service, IT service and meteorological service is still not enough despite they are important in minimizing the corporate risk related to climate change. The government has to make the policy to foster those green service industries as soon as possible.

인터넷 통신언어 예절의 교육방향 모색

임상수 ( Sang Soo Lim ) 한국윤리학회 2014 倫理硏究 Vol.99 No.1

청소년들의 인터넷 통신언어는 다른 세대들과의 소통을 어렵게 할 정도로 과도한 비속어와 줄임말이 난무한다. 사회언어학적 관점에서는 이러한 현상을 저항적이고 일탈적이며 새로운 것을 좋아하는 청소년 문화의 속성이 반영된 자연스러운 것이라고 본다. 경제적인 통신, 재미있는 통신, 감정이 함께 전달되는 통신행위를 하기 위한 노력의 자연스러운 결과라는 것이 청소년들의 통신 언어 사용 동기에 주목한 국어교육계의 분석이다. 이들은 통신 언어가 갖는 긍정적 영향을 어느 정도 인정하고 통신언어도 가르칠 필요가 있음을 강조한다. 보다 적절한 언어 사용을 위해 필요한 어문규범과 문법을 가르치면 문제가 해결될 것이라고 보는 것이다. 국어교육의 관점에서 인터넷 통신언어 사용의 동기에 주목한 것과는 달리 도덕교육의 관점에서는 그러한 언어 사용의 결과와 그에 대한 책임을 주목한다. 다른 단서가 없이 소통되는 컴퓨터 매개 통신에서 개인은 오해되지 않는 통신을 해야 하고 빨리 퍼지고 멀리 확산되며 오래 남는 결과에 대해 책임있는 자세를 견지해야 하기 때문이다. 책임성을 의식하는 소통 행위에서 무분별한 통신언어의 사용은 비도덕적인 일이 되기 쉽다. 통신언어 예절을 가르치는 교육의 방법론 측면에서 논자는 통신언어 사용의 동기가 또래집단에 대한 소속과 인정의 욕구에서 비롯된다는 점에 주목한다. 또래 집단의 압력이 문제의 시작이었다면 문제 해결에 있어서도 또래 압력을 사용하면 효과적일 것이다. 통신언어 사용의 폐해를 설명하고 그것을 사용하지 말도록 설득하는 이성 호소 전략보다는 통신 언어를 바르게 사용하면서도 멋진 삶을 영위하고 있는 또래 집단의 모범적 모습들을 노출시켜 자연스럽게 무리 속으로의 동화에 대한 열망을 이끌어 내는 감성 호소 전략이 보다 효과적인 교육 방향임을 주장하였다. As online messaging becomes the most prevailing form of communication among today`s youth, teenagers gain fluency in Cyber Talk or Internet Language by using abbreviations such as LOL(Laugh Out Loud) or TTYL(Talk To You Later). Abbreviations and Acronyms are natural phenomenon in terms of Socio-Linguistics. Everyone want to communicate easily. So they are eager to use such words with motivations of using more economical words, more emotive words, more funny words, more up-to-date words. But many older generations are appalled by young people`s use of offensive vulgar language. FYI (For Your Information) can be granted, but there are a lot of off-colored words which are hard to understand and virtually impossible to reconcile. How to educate young students for the use of recommendable words in their Cyber Talk? These kinds of educational goals are not to be obtained by traditional teaching method such as Anti-Smoking education class. Young people already knew the bad effects of vulgar words and excessive abbreviation. They still cannot feel those effects as problems of their own life. Language education or grammar class cannot be an effective option. We must pay attentions to motive of using such languages. ‘Peer Pressure’ should be noted as a most important motive. It is one of most important cause of the problem. And also it can be treated as one of most important solutions to the problem. We could introduce some kinds of using peer pressure methods to our Anti-vulgar internet language program. Many cases such as ‘Love Life’ campaign in South Africa, or Anti Alcoholic Education program of Alcoholic Anonymous can be classified as an effective sample of using peer pressure to correct some bad behaviors. So, we should not give more stress on telling young students many informations about darker side of Internet Language, to avoid the side effects of ‘broken windows’. Instead of such fear-based class lectures, we should show them more fascinating trend leaders group using nonviolent, sound, polite language. Need for inclusion can be most powerful self-motivation for correct their own internet language habits.