검사예약 부도율 방지를 위한 활동

이호언,김윤정,정진우,백덕현,조성우,백은주,남기형,장미라,김영숙,윤진완 한국의료QA학회 2009 가을학술대회 Vol.2009 No.3

컴퓨터단층촬영(CT) 검사 시 조영제의 혈관유출 발생률 감소를 위한 방안 모색

이호언,김윤정,우종훈,정진우,전남수,강윤희,이종성,조성우,김영숙 한국의료QA학회 2008 가을학술대회 Vol.2008 No.2

한국의 産業聯關分析 연구와 經濟開發計劃의 수립

김호언(Gim, Ho-Un) 계명대학교 산학연구소 2011 經營經濟 Vol.44 No.1

연구목적 - (1) 경제학에 있어서 산업연관분석 연구방법론에 대한 의의를 규명하는 것이다. (2) 초창기 한국 산업연관분석 연구 성과에 대한 역사적 의미를 평가하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. (3) 한국의 경제개발계획에 있어서 산업연관분석 방법의 기여에 대한 역사적 意味와 시대적 배경을 조명하는 것이다. 연구방법 - 한국의 산업연관분석 연구의 중요 업적 3가지를 소개하고자 한다. 선정 기준은 역사성이 있는 분야별 초기 업적을 기준으로 하되, 분야별 학문적인 기여를 무엇보다도 중요시 하였다. ① 韓基春의 박사학위 논문(1963), ② 金俊輔의 단행본(1954; 1969; 1975), ③ 金鎬彦의 연구(1986)를 각각 다루었다. 韓基春은 산업연관분석에 관한 최초의 박사학위 논문으로서, 金俊輔는 산업연관분석을 소개한 초기의 단행본으로서, 金鎬彦은 전국산업연관표를 통한 지역산업연관 분석에 대한 초기 학문적 기여를 각각 우선적으로 고려하여 소개하고자 한다. 주요결과 - 한국의 경제개발계획의 역사와 산업연관분석의 연구 및 산업연관표 작성과는 불가분의 관계에 있다고 할 수 있다. 이를테면 초기 경제계획을 입안 및 집행하여 불균형성장이론에 입각한 경제발전을 이룩하려면 신뢰할 수 있는 기초통계 자료와 투입ㆍ산출모형과 같은 새로운 경제분석 기법이 상호 보완적으로 협력하여야만 하기 때문이다. 산업연관분석은 수립된 경제계획에 대한 평가와 장기계획에 의한 경제예측, 경제구조분석, 각종 경제정책 수립 등에 매우 유용한 경제분석 도구가 된다. 이러한 경제개발계획을 뒤받침 하기 위하여 부흥부 산업개발위원회에서 한국의 경제개발3개년계획(1960-1962년)을 수립하고, 산업연관표(1957년 표와 1958년 표)를 최초로 작성하였다. 시사점 - 본 연구는 개괄적 혹은 전체적인 안목에서 한국의 경제개발계획의 역사와 산업연관분석 사이의 관계를 살펴보았다. 다만 보다 구체적이고 치밀한 분석은 경제개발 초기 단계를 설명해 줄 수 있는 문헌자료의 제약 때문에 본 논문에서는 정치한 분석을 다 다루지 못하였다는 스스로의 한계를 내포하고 있다. Purpose - On the basis of the historical viewpoint, the specific objectives of this paper can be summarized as follows. (1) We observe the real meaning and importance of interindustry analysis in the main stream of Economics. (2) We illuminate the various historical meanings of the method of interindustry analysis in the economic development of Korea. (3) We do a historical evaluation of the study of interindustry analysis in the early years of Korea. Design/Methodology - Since the interindustry model was first pioneered by Wassily W. Leontief(1906-1999), who received the 1973 Nobel Prize in Economics for “the sole and unchallenged creator of input-output analysis” in the early 1930s, a number of methodological improvements have been made so far. The term interindustry analysis basically used to demonstrate how a change in one economic sector affects other economic sectors in the interindustry interdependence relationships. Findings - Finally, we found out that there are very close relations, historically and empirically, between the economic development history of Korea, the history of interindustry analysis, and the compilation of the input-output tables. Implications - In this paper, regrettably, we have some limits to do a more detailed analysis because of limitations in the literature available in the early stage of economic development plan in Korea.

産業聯關模型에서의 乘數效果分析

金鎬彦 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1988 經營經濟 Vol.21 No.1

Since the interindustry model was first pioneered by W.W. Leontief who is the "sole and unchallenged creator of the input-output technique" as early as the nineteenthirties, a number of methodological improvements have been made. Among other improvements the multiplier analysis in the input-output model is the most useful role used in economic impact analysis. The conception of the multiplier was first introduced into economic theory by R.F. Kahn. And that J.M. Keynes developed it as an aggregate multiplier and then utilized the concept in national income determination theory on The General Theory. The specific objectives of this paper are: 1) To compare Kahn's and Keynesian multipliers with Leontief's input-output multipliers in reference to the interrelationship and 2) To appreciate the economic effectiveness of input-output multipliers as the most typical multi-sector multiplier. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows. Firstly, aggregate multipliers play an important role in public policy decisions, but they don't display the sets of multipliers of how multiplier effects are worked out throughout the whole economy. Kahn's employment multiplier is a little different from Keynesian investment multiplier. If, however, there is no reason to expect any material relevant difference in the shapes of the aggregate supply functions for industry as a whole and for the investment industries respectively, then it is convenient to deal with the simplified case where Kahn's multiplier K'=Keynesian investment multiplier K. Secondly, we can classify the notion of input-output multipliers into sectoral multipliers for output, employment and income and then each multiplier is divided into type I with the household sector exogenous and type Ⅱ with the household sector endogenous. The methods for computing employment multipliers will be described briefly in three techniques such as Isard-Kuenne method, Moore-Petersen method and Hansen-Tiebout method, and also the method for computing income multipliers can be derived type I and type Ⅱ by Moore and Petersen, type Ⅲ by Miernyk and type Ⅳ by Madden and Batey. Moreover the uniform demand expansion Multipliers, the growth equalized multipliers and the growth unequalized multipliers can be induced through the row sums in the Leontief inverse and so to convert these multipliers effects of each sector to income or employment terms, we would utilize the information in ?? (diagonal matrix of monetary labour input coefficients) or ?? (diagonal matrix of physical labour input coefficients). Thirdly, there are some similarities in round-by-round of spreading structure to show up the multiplier effects between Keynesian investment multiplier and output multipliers of input-output model and but the former analyse only the circulation of income, the latter analyse the circulation of interindustry on the basis of the interdependence coefficients matrix. In conclusion, the results from the study of Keynesian and input-output multipliers suggest that output, income and employment multipliers of interindustry model are probably the most effective tool used in 1) national and regional econmic impact analysis, 2) analysis of the economic structure, and 3) determination and identification of high impact potential sectors to decide the investment priority.

社會的 財政支出과 所得再分配에 관한 硏究

金鎬彦 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1983 經營經濟 Vol.15 No.1

The Korean economy has been experiencing rapid changes and progresses both in its size and structure since the early 1960's. The priority attention of the economic policy during this period has been paid to mere economic groth. resulting in an income inequality. Such a policy generated a fremendous number of various kinds. The unemployment rate fell down by 4.8% in 1981 from 10% in the early 1960's. Functional and personal distribution of income appeared relatively equitable as compared with other developing and developed countries, measured in terms of the decile distribution ratio and the Gini index of concentration. But the problem of income inequality arose in the middle of 1970's and it seems aggravated nowadays so that a vigorous redistribution policy of income is necessary to rectify the inequality problems in Korea. The purpose of the study is to come up with alternative measures to deal with the problem of income inequality in a more efficient manner. Generally, the fiscal and price policies as an income redistribution policy have many limitations to improve income inequality. Therefore, the more equal income redistribution can only be achieved by social government expenditures. The social government expenditures largely involve three parts: 1) social security expenditure including the public assistance and social insurance expenditures 2) educational expenditure to promote equal opportunity of education 3) housing expenditure to subsidize or promote minimum dwelling standard for the lower-income groups. And So, the social government expenditures can be derived to achieve the equitable income redistribution obzectives.

投入·産出模型에 의한 개별 所得乘數의 性格 糾明에 관한 硏究

金鎬彦 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1990 經營經濟 Vol.23 No.1

Input-Output multipliers have been researched on a full scale by many scholars, such as F.T. Moore and J.W. Petersen, since the open-model system entitled "The Interindustry Relations Study for 1947" was developed by W.D. Evans and M. Hoffenberg in 1952. Because of the usefulness and effectiveness as a tool of economic analysis, the concept of input-output multipliers into sectoral multipliers for output, employment and income have been progressed variedly until now on, and then employment and income multipliers can be divided into many types such as typeⅠ, typeⅡ, typeⅢ, typeⅣ, and so on. Presented in this paper are the study on the characteristic searching of each income multiplier like the Moore-Petersen method, Miernyk method, and Madden-Batey method. Individual methods for estimating income multipliers make differences in model buildings, specific objectives, regions under study, characteristics of each consumption function, and regional statistical data available. The study objectives of this paper are: 1) To examine the characteristics closely of each income multiplier which is derived from the different computing methods to reflect the possible economic impact of the space and space-related programs on a particular local economy and 2) To appreciate the economic effectiveness and limitations of each income multiplier in all its aspects to find out the most useful technique used in national and regional multiplier analysis. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The Moore-Petersen method is a more general model designed to provide estimates of total income effects, sector by sector, due to a change in final demand for the output of a particular industry in the economy. The Utah model is, moreover, the first regional input-output tables which is constructed by the purpose of estimating of employment and income multipliers. This model is based on linear employment-production functions and linear consumption functions. In spite of many benefits, this model has a few problems. The assumption of a linear and homogeneous consumption function inevitably leads to an overstatement of the induced effects on income, and thus this assumption imparts an upward bias to the type Ⅱ employment and income multipliers. To reduce the upward bias, typeⅢ income multipliers wee induced by W.H. Miernyk et al and type Ⅳ income multipliers were induced by M. Madden and P.W.J. Batey. 2) In the Boulder local impact project typeⅢ income multipliers were derived from a regional input-output table that had been closed with respect to household sector. Because these multipliers can be computed by an iterative procedure involving the separation of total income changes into population land per capita effects, type Ⅲ income multipliers are lower than typeⅡ income multipliers developed earlier by Moore-Petersen method. The major innovation of the Boulder study, however, was the development of typeⅢ income multipliers, efforts to calculate statistically significant sectoral consumption functions for the Boulder area were not successful, and then this alternative method was derived from a limited information on the regional economy. 3) By embedding a conventional static Leontief input-output model within and activity analysis framework, typeⅣ income multipliers can be obtained. Here a basic distinction is made between the consumption patterns of households with an employed head and those with an unemployed head. In this framework changes in income and consumption are not treated as being immediately related to one another, unlike the conventional household-endogenous mode. Moreover, the Madden-Batey method is originally not intended just for the purpose of multiplier analysis but can be applicable together to the economic forecasting and policy optimization. That's why if there is no other study objectives with the exception of impact analysis, this method must be paid more opportunity cost and then it has a few limitations to be applied to the general method. 4) An analysis of the relationships between income multipliers have been studied by many scholars. The constant relationship between typeⅠ and type Ⅱ income multipliers have been proven algebraically and empirically by W.Z. Hirsch, A.D. Sandoval, J.L. Katz, and so on. One of the most progresses on the relationships between typeⅠ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅳ income multipliers was made by M. Madden and P.W.J.Batey, that is typeⅠ and typeⅡ multipliers can be converted to the more realistic type Ⅳ income multipliers, for any given industrial sector. And also empirical version of the two models, for Boulder and Cork areas, are reconstructed with data from the original studies by Batey, Madden, and M.J Weeks. The major findings of this study are that the typeⅢ/typeⅠ income multipliers ratios display greater stability in both Boulder and Greater Cork areas. This is because the ?? ratios are very close across the majority of sectors in Boulder and Cork.(??: marginal employment-output ratio,??: average employment-output ratio) In conclusion, on the basis of the up-to-date study, there are a few limitations and problems utilizing these kinds of method. Fortunately, to adjust for the overstatement problem, typeⅠ and type Ⅱ income multipliers by Moore-Petersen approach can be considered as more useful multipliers. In addition to this, by the results of a systematic analysis of the typeⅠ, typeⅡ, and type Ⅳ income multipliers, typeⅠ and typeⅡ income multipliers can be converted to th type Ⅳ income multipliers.

接續産業聯關表によるェネルキ: 集約度の變化推移の分析 : 1975-1990年

金鎬彦(Gim Ho Un),金鏞淇(Yong Ki Kim) (번역자) 啓明大學校産業經營硏究所 1998 啓明大學校ㆍ挑山學院大學國際學術세미나 Vol.1998 No.11

接續産業聯關表를 통한 에너지 集約度 變化 推移 分析

金鎬彦(Gim, Ho Un),大英一(번역자) 계명대학교 산학연구소 1996 經營經濟 Vol.29 No.1

레온티에프 逆行列에서의 投入·産出乘數 效果分析에 관한 연구

金鎬彦 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2003 국제학논총 Vol.8 No.-

Input-Output or interindustry analysis, developed by Professor Leontief who received the Nobel Prize in Economic Science in 1973(Leontief, 1936), is widely used as an useful tool in highly developed economies, More recently, a number of developing nations have turned to this powerful technique as the main indicator of policy decisions. One of the more useful analytical techniques derived from the Leontief inverse (I-A) -1 is the concept of impact coefficients. However, to avoid double-counting impacts and overestimation of the importance of a sector's output, the new concept of "net multiplier" (Oosterhaven and Stelder, 2002) accepts sectoral outputs as entries instead of exogenous final demand. This net multiplier is proposed by multiplying the traditional (ordinary, standard) Leontief multiplier by the sectoral final output ratios, that is, fj/ xj. By the way, we found that there was a logical inconsistency in the concept of "new multiplier," i.e., the confusion between the notion of direct and indirect output requirements to support a unit of final demand, cij, and that of direct and indirect input requirements to produce a unit of gross output, rgij. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an alternative concept of the Leontief multiplier with attention to "the general relation" between two different notions of direct and indirect input requirements. The total (direct and indirect) input requirements matrix for a unit of gross output, Гg , can also be applied to supplement the logical inconsistency found in the notion of " new multiplier ."

산출,산출 순환체계를 통한 경제적 파급효과분석: 최종산출, 고용 및 소득유발효과를 중심으로

김호언 ( Ho Un Gim ) 한국경제통상학회 (구 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회) 2012 경제연구 Vol.30 No.2

산출·산출(OO)모형과 산출·산출(OO)표를 기본으로 한 새로운 생산순환체계를 산출·산출 순환체계라고 정의할 수 있다. 전통적인 IO모형에 대한 대안모형으로 개발된 OO모형의 경제적 성격을 토대로 하여 다음과 같은 연구 목적을 설정하고자 한다. (1) 산출·산출 순환체계를 통한 새로운 경제분석 방법의 의의와 역할을 규명하고자 한다. (2) 산출·산출 순환체계를 활용한 경제적 파급효과를 ① 산출물에 대한 생산유발계수행렬(), ② 총산출·총산출 생산유발계수행렬(), ③ 최종산출·최종산출 생산유발계수행렬()로 구분하여 분석하고자 한다. (3) 경험적 자료를 통한 부문별 최종산출, 고용 및 소득유발효과를 추계함으로써 OO모형을 통한 산출·산출 순환체계의 유용성을 검정하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 역행렬의 원소를 통하여 와 행렬을 각각 유도할 수 있다. 역행렬에서는 원인변수가 총산출의 변화(△)가 되며 결과변수는 최종산출의 변화(△)가 된다. 행렬에서는 총산출의 변화()가 원인변수로, 총산출의 변화()가 결과변수가 각각 된다. 행렬은 최종산출의 변화(, 원인변수)에 의한 최종산출의 변화(, 결과변수)를 설명하는 다부문 승수가 된다. 부문별 파급효과분석에서는 생산유발계수행렬을 활용하여 부문별 최종산출 유발효과(), 고용() 및 소득유발효과() 등을 각각 추계하였다. 아울러 개별 효과 사이의 유의성을 검정하기 위하여 피어슨 상관계수()와 스피어맨 순위상관계수()도 함께 계산하였다. 3종류의 생산유발계수행렬에서 최종산출, 고용 및 소득유발효과를 정규편차()로 규준화하여 비교분석하면, 제1순위는 20부문(음식점 및 숙박), 제2와 제3의 순위는 1부문(농림수산품)과 18부문(건설)이 각각 차지하였다. 최종산출 및 총산출유발효과 사이와 3종류의 고용 및 소득유발효과 사이에서는 모두 와 가 높은 정의 상관도를 보여주고 있다. We can define a new circulation system of production based on the output-output(OO) model and table as an output-output circulation system in economic analysis. Recently, a new OO model and table were newly developed and compiled by the author for the 2000 Input-Output Tables of Korea to solve the consecutive connection problem and the limit on net multipliers together through the output requirements matrix for output derived from the decomposition by factors in the Leontief inverse. On the basis of the latest research findings and results in the economic literature on the output-output circulation system, the specific objectives of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) We clarify the economic meaning and role of a new method in economic analysis through the output-output circulation system. (2) We analyse three different types of economic impacts by using the OO production system: ① total output-final output requirements matrix( ), ② total output-total output requirements matrix(), and ③ final output-final output requirements matrix() on the basis of the output -output model. (3) We testify the effectiveness and usefulness of the OO circulation system through counting the induced effects for final output, employment and income based on empirical data for the Korean economy in 2007. Moreover, the Pearson correlation coefficients(), , and the Spearman rank correlation coefficients(), , are calculated between the induced effects for final output, employment and income for the three different types of output requirements matrices , , .