근대 이후 상례(喪禮)의 변화에 대한 연구

이철영 산업진흥원 2024 산업진흥연구 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구는 사회변화와 의례 변화의 관계성을 분석하고 그 연관성에 의해 유교상례와 현대의례의 차이점을 밝히고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 또한 시대별 의례의 변화과정을 제도의 변화와 연결하여 살펴보았다. 상례의 시대 구분을 전근대기 ‘유교상례’와 일제강점기를 통한 ‘근대 상례기’ 그리고 1999년 건전가정의례준칙의 시행과 함께 의례 자본에 의한 ‘현대 상례기’로 구분하여 분석하였다. 의례의 이해는 시대구분을 통해 전통의 계승이라는 논리적 모순에서 벗어나 전근대에서 근대상례, 현대상례로 이어지는 과정을 통해 이해되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 한국인의 죽음에 대한 인식은 의례의 변화와 지속이라는 관점에서 볼 때 시대상을 반영하여 지속되고 있음을 고찰하는 데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between social change and ritual change and to reveal the differences between Confucian funeral rites and modern rituals based on that relationship. In addition, we attempted to examine the process of change in rituals over time in connection with changes in institutions. The periodization of funeral rites was analyzed by dividing them into the pre-modern ‘Confucian funeral rites’, the ‘modern funeral rites’ during the Japanese colonial period, and the ‘modern funeral rites’ based on ritual capital with the implementation of the Healthy Family Rituals Standards in 1999. In addition, the understanding of the rites of the times must be understood through the process of moving from pre-modern to modern funeral rites and modern funeral rites, escaping the logical contradiction of succession of tradition through division of time. This study is meaningful in considering that Koreans' perception of death continues to reflect the times from the perspective of change and continuation of rituals.

Monte Carlo Calculation of the Spencer-attix Graphite-to-Air Stopping Power Ratios for Photon Beams

이철영,Suck-Ho Hah,전국진,Hyun-Moon Kim 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.3

The Spencer-Attix graphite-to-air stopping power ratio is one of the basic elements to establish air kerma standards. The stopping power ratios for 60Co, 137Cs, and 192Ir beams were calculated using the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE. The calculated values were compared with those obtained using the EGSnrc and the ACCEPT/ITS codes of other authors. The PENELOPE calculation results for the 60Co beam were in good agreement within 0.01% with those obtained by using EGSnrc and within 0.03% with those obtained by using ACCEPT/ITS. For the 137Cs beam, the PENELOPE values agree within 0.01% with the ACCEPT/ITS values. In case of the 192Ir beam, the stopping power ratios of PENELOPE agreed with those of both codes to within 0.01%.

Insulin-like Growth Factor Systems의 생식기능에서의 역할;자궁편

이철영,Lee, Chul-Young 대한생식의학회 1996 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.23 No.3

It has been known for a long time that gonadotropins and steroid hormones play a pivotal role in a series of reproductive biological phenomena including the maturation of ovarian follicles and oocytes, ovulation and implantation, maintenance of pregnancy and fetal growth & development, parturition and mammary development and lactation. Recent investigations, however, have elucidated that in addition to these classic hormones, multiple growth factors also are involved in these phenomena. Most growth factors in reproductive organs mediate the actions of gonadotropins and steroid hormones or synergize with them in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The insulin-like growth factor(IGF) system, which is one of the most actively investigated areas lately in the reproductive organs, has been found to have important roles in a wide gamut of reproductive phenomena. In the present communication, published literature pertaining to the intrauterine IGF system will be reviewed preceded by general information of the IGF system. The IGF family comprises of IGF-I & IGF-II ligands, two types of IGF receptors and six classes of IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs) that are known to date. IGF-I and IGF-II peptides, which are structurally homologous to proinsulin, possess the insulin-like activity including the stimulatory effect of glucose and amino acid transport. Besides, IGFs as mitogens stimulate cell division, and also play a role in cellular differentiation and functions in a variety of cell lines. IGFs are expressed mainly in the liver and messenchymal cells, and act on almost all types of tissues in an autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine mode. There are two types of IGF receptors. Type I IGF receptors, which are tyrosine kinase receptors having high-affinity for IGF-I and IGF-II, mediate almost all the IGF actions that are described above. Type II IGF receptors or IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors have two distinct binding sites; the IGF-II binding site exhibits a high affinity only for IGF-II. The principal role of the type II IGF receptor is to destroy IGF-II by targeting the ligand to the lysosome. IGFs in biological fluids are mostly bound to IGFBP. IGFBPs, in general, are IGF storage/carrier proteins or modulators of IGF actions; however, as for distinct roles for individual IGFBPs, only limited information is available. IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions under most in vitro situations, seemingly because affinities of IGFBPs for IGFs are greater than those of IGF receptors. How IGF is released from IGFBP to reach IGF receptors is not known; however, various IGFBP protease activities that are present in blood and interstitial fluids are believed to play an important role in the process of IGF release from the IGFBP. According to latest reports, there is evidence that under certain in vitro circumstances, IGFBP-1, -3, -5 have their own biological activities independent of the IGF. This may add another dimension of complexity of the already complicated IGF system. Messenger ribonucleic acids and proteins of the IGF family members are expressed in the uterine tissue and conceptus of the primates, rodents and farm animals to play important roles in growth and development of the uterus and fetus. Expression of the uterine IGF system is regulated by gonadal hormones and local regulatory substances with temporal and spatial specificities. Locally expressed IGFs and IGFBPs act on the uterine tissue in an autocrine/paracrine manner, or are secreted into the uterine lumen to participate in conceptus growth and development. Conceptus also expresses the IGF system beginning from the peri-implantation period. When an IGF family member is expressed in the conceptus, however, is determined by the presence or absence of maternally inherited mRNAs, genetic programming of the conceptus itself and an interaction with the maternal tissue. The site of IGF action also follows temporal (physiological status) and spatial specificities. These facts that expression of the 여포와 난포의 성숙, 배란과 착상, 임신의 유지와 태아의 성장 발달, 분만 및 유선발육과 비유 등 일련의 생식현상에서 있어서 성선자극호르몬과 스테로이드 호르몬의 작용이 중추적인 역할을 한다는 사실은 오래 전부터 알려져왔다. 그러나 이러한 일련의 현상에 고전적인 호르몬 외에도 다수의 성장인자가 관여되고 있음이 최근의 연구 결과 밝혀지고 있다. 생식기관에서 성장인자들은 대부분 autocrine/paracrine mode로 작용하여, 성선자극호르몬과 스테로이드 호르몬의 작용을 매개하거나 이들 호르몬 등과 교호적인 작용(synergy)을 한다. 생식기관 내 insulin-like growth factor(IGF) system은 최근 가장 활발히 연구된 분야 중의 하나로 생식현상의 전반에 걸쳐 중요한 역할을 하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 본 지면에서는 IGF system에 관한 개괄적인 정보를 소개하고 현재까지 보고된 intrauterine IGF system에 관한 연구를 요약하고자 한다. IGF family는 IGF-I과 IGF-II ligands, 두종류의 IGF receptors(수용체), 그리고 지금까지 발견된 6종류의 IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs)로 이루어져 있다. IGF-I과 IGF-II는 proinsulin과 상동한 구조를 가진 peptide로서 포도당과 아미노산 운반을 자극하는 등 insulin과 유사한 작용을 한다. 이 외에도 IGFs는 세포분열촉진제(mitogens)로서 여러 형태의 세포에 걸쳐 세포증식을 자극하고, 세포의 분화(differentiation)과 세포기능의 발현에 관여한다. IGFs는 간과 주로 messenchymal cells에서 발현되어 endocrine mode는 물론 autocrine/paracrine mode로 거의 모든 조직에 작용한다. IGF 수용체는 두종류가 알려져 있는데 type I IGF receptor는 tyrosine kinase로서 IGF-I과 IGF-II에 공히 high-affinity를 나타내고, 상기한 대부분의 IGFs의 작용을 매개한다. Type II IGF receptor 혹은 IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor는 두개의 서로 다른 binding sites를 가지고 있는데 IGF-II binding site는 IGF-II에만 high-affinity를 나타낸다. Type II IGF receptor의 주요 역할은 IGF-II를 lysosomal targeting하여 ligand를 파괴하는데 있다. 체액 속의 IGFs는 대부분 IGFBP에 결합되어 있다. IGFBPs는 IGF의 저장/운반체 혹은 IGF 작용을 조절하는 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 개개 IGFBP의 역할에 대해서는 지극히 제한된 정보만이 알려져 있다. IGFBPs의 IGF ligands에의 affinity는 IGF receptors의 IGFs에의 affinity보다 크기 때문에 대부분의 in vitro 상황 하에서 IGFBPs는 IGF 작용을 억제한다. IGFBP에 결합되어 있는 IGF가 어떤 기작에 의해 IGFBP로부터 분리되어 IGF receptor에 도달하는지는 알려지지 않고 있으나, 혈액과 조직액에 들어있는 불특정 IGFBP protease activity는 IGF의 방출과정에서 일역을 하는 것으로 믿어지고 있다. 최근 연구보고에 의하면 특정 in vitro 상황 하에서 IGFBP-1, -3, -5 등은 IGF와 무관한 작용도 있다는 증빙이 있어 IGF system의 또 다른 차원을 예고하고 있다. IGF family members의 mRNAs & proteins는 영장류, 설치류 및 가축의 자궁조직과 수태물(conceptus)에서 발현되어 자궁과 태아의 성장 발달에 중요한 역할을 한다. 자궁조직의 IGF system의 발현은 성선호르몬, 국소 생리조절인자 등에 의해 발현시기와 장소의 특이성이 결정되며, 발현된 IGFs와 IGFBPs는 autocrine/paracrine mode로 자궁조직에 작용하기도 하고, 자궁강에 분비되어 수태물의 성장 발달에 관여한다. 착상을 전후하여 수태물에서도 IGF system이 발현되는데 개개 IGF family member의 발현 시기는 모체로부터 유래된 mRNA의 유무, 수태물 자체의 genetic programming, 모체와의 상호작용 등에 의해 결정되고, IGF

CAD시스템에 있어 모델링의 단계에 관한 연구

李喆永,南相旭 울산과학대학 1995 연구논문집 Vol.21 No.-

초기의 CAD시스템은 단순히 도면작업을 보조하기 위한 수단으로 간주되었으며 이는 디자인과정에서 활용되는 정보의 성격에 대한 잘못된 인식에 기인한 것이다. 도면으로 전환된 대부분의 정보는 원형 그대로의 명백한 정보라기 보다 디자이너에 의해 해석된 정보이며 전문가에 의해서만 이해되고 판별될 수 있는 성질의 것이다. 이는 특정의 대상을 기술하는 정보의 보편화는 유사한 배경을 가지고 있는 사람들에 의해서만 이해되어질 수 있으며 물리적인 원형으로부터 유래하는 것임을 의미한다. 또한 정보의 보편화가 해석에 의해서만 획득되어진다는 것을 의미하며 단순히 도면작업에 관련되는 것이 아니라는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 현재까지 CAD시스템에서 활용되어 온 모델링의 각 단계에 대한 문제점과 이들의 장단점 및 장차의 적용 가능성을 규명하려고 하며 이를 근거로 모델링의 궁극적인 목표인 통합 시스템의 생산을 위한 올바른 방향을 제시해 보고자 한다. CAD systems were initially oriented to simulating traditional design procedure which was essentially based on drafting. It was not clear that the major part of the information transferred by the drawing was not explicit information but interpreted information, readable and understandable only by experts. This paper addresses the problem of the different levels of modelling, analyzing the pro's and con's of each and the different application possibilities. The problem of the evolution of modelling into that of the product model is also discussed.

문화콘텐츠 인적 자원 양성을 위한 지역교육과정의 평가와 만족도에 대한 연구

이철영,서자영 홍익대학교 인문과학연구소 2006 人文科學 Vol.14 No.-

The cultural contents industry has become one of the most profitable industrial sectors and is drawing more and more attention as a leading industry for the future national economy. One critical factor in securing a sustainable growth of the cultural content industry is a sufficient supply of qualified human resources. Systematic educational programs need to be prepared to meet the industry demand for competitive and competent specialists. With regard to the promotion of cultural contents industry in local cities, human resources is a critical issue as well. The Korea Culture and Content Agency(KOCCA) has established a local development plan for 8 culture business clusters and put forward each cluster's potentials as a distinctive cultural content industry. Those selected local regions include Bucheon, Chuncheon, Daejeon, Cheongju, Gwangju, Jeonju and Busan. KOCCA has made efforts to strengthen the local economy by supporting the industries related to the cultural content business with "Cultural Content Education Plan for Special Genres" in the year 2005. We reviewed the current educational program status for the cultural contents training programs and examined the trainee's attitudes and satisfaction towards the cultural content education programs in local regions. A survey was conducted for 250 students who have enrolled in KOCCA's Cultural Content Education Programs for Special Genres in the year 2005. Survey results showed that while unemployed students are interested in comprehension on the cultural content industry, and the employed students attend not only to learn the program so that they can apply to their works, but also to expand their personal acquaintance with other employees in the class. Most of survey participants appreciate "On the Jobsite Training" programs which invlove them with actual project implementations. Such an actual education program training at jobsite along with academic programs are expected to be sponsored by more regular education institutes and the Cultural Content Support Center provided locally by the KOCCA. Results also showed that it is strongly recommended that security of basic human resources is done through the local support center and private companies based in the region, not through the support of national institutes or individuals. Thus, it is necessary to guide the local educational administration according to the characteristics of the industry with the cooperation of the Cultural Content Support Center in the local area. At the basis of this policy, On Jobsite Training(OJT) relating to cultural content industry should be implemented along with research and development on technology characterization. Likewise, the public organizations should implement direct support for human resources training and development, which may have not been successfully carried out by the small and medium companies due to the lack of proper facilities. Furthermore, an aggressive policy and efforts are required to establish support system not only to foster human resources training and continuing education of jobsite human resources, but also to develop career program along with the provision of information on human resources training status of other facilities in other local cities and countries.

상호연관성을 지닌 계층구조형문제의 평가 알고리즘

이철영,이석태,Lee C.Y.,Lee S.T. 한국항해항만학회 1993 韓國港灣學會誌 Vol.7 No.1

In complex decision making such as ill-defined system, one of the main problem is how to treat ambiguous aspect of the decision making. According to the complexity and ambiguity of the objective systems, many types of evaluation attributes are necessary for the rational decision and the relationship among the attributes become complex and fuzzy. Fuzzy integral is very effective to evalute the complex system with interaction between attributes but how to save the evaluation efforts in the decision making process of grading the membership of the objects or alternative is the problem to be tackled. Because the more object there are to evaluate, the number of decisions to made increase exponentially. Therefore, this paper aimes to propose a new evaluation algorithm based on fuzzy integral which can save the evaluator's efforts in decision making process. The proposed algorithm is constructed as follows : First, compose the fuzzy measure by introducing AHP(Analytical Hierachy Process) & mutual interaction coefficient. Second, generate fuzzy measure value of monotone family set for calculating the fuzzy integral. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is investigated through the example and sensitivity of interaction coefficient is illustrated.

암퇘지와 거세돼지의 성장발달에 따른 혈중 Insulin - like Growth Factor-l(IGF-l)과 IGF - binding Protein-3(IGFBP-3)의 농도 양상 : 돼지 IGFBP-3 정체 , IGFBP-3 및 ICF-A RIAs 개발과 이용

이철영,정정수 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.6

The current study was undertaken 1) to develop insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for porcine serum and 2) to investigate, by using these RIAs, the pattern of serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and correlation between these two variables in growing pigs. Commercially available IGF-I antigen and its antiserum were used in IGF-I RIA. Porcine IGFBP-3 (pIGFBP-3) antigen was purified by SDS-PAGE and electro-elution from total serum IGFBPs that had been purified by cation-exchange chromatography and IGF-I affinity chromatography. pIGFBP-3 antiserum was raised in a New Zealand White rabbit. RIAs were performed by the standard double-antibody method using ^(125)I-labeled antigen. The validity of each RIA was demonstrated by confirming the parallelism of dose-response displacements of the ^(125)I-labeled antigen from its corresponding antibodies by unlabeled antigen and porcine serum. Blood samples were taken from gills and barrows, eight animals per sex × age, at 0 (birth), 1.5, 3, 4 and 5 months of age. Serum IGFBP-3 concentration increased within a 1.5-fold range during the postnatal development in gills, whereas in barrows, it was stable during the same period. Mean IGFBP-3 concentration was not different between the two sexes. Mean IGF-I concentration was ∼15% greater in gills than in barrows (237 vs 203ng/㎖; P$lt;0.05). In slight contrast to the IGFBP-3 developmental pattern, IGF-I concentration increased by 3∼5 fold during the postnatal development. Nevertheless, concentrations of IGFBP-3 and IGF-I were positively correlated in gills (r = 0.41; P = 0.01), but not in barrows (r = -0.14; P = 0.43). In summary, we have developed IGFBP-3 and IGF-I RIAs for porcine serum which can provide a useful experimental tool for future studies of circulating porcine IGF system. Moreover, results of the present study suggest that gonadal hormones also may regulate the secretion of IGFBP-3 and IGF-I in the pig.

로지스틱스의 진화에 대응한 항만의 발전전략에 관하여 - (1) 국제물류에 있어서 제3자물류의 실태 및과제

이철영,여기태,김현,Lee, C.Y.,Yeo, K.T.,Kim, H. 한국항해항만학회 1999 韓國港灣學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

Recently leading edge companies use the Supply Chain Management as a competitive weapon to secure and maintain customer loyalty. As a consequency they are concentrating resources on the company’s core business and employing strategic alliances with third-party providers to ensure the company provides its customers’desired logistics service levels at acceptable costs. Under this circumstances this paper surveys the third party logistics as a leading edge logistics industry coping with the progress of the supply chain management. The status and the type of the TPL including the Forwarder are analyzed in the view point of global logistics. Also the development strategy of third party logistics in the future is suggested.

基本的人權의 保障問題

李徹榮 청주대학교 법학회 1960 法學論考 Vol.5 No.-

기본적 인권이란 사람마다 똑같이 가질 수 있는 권리라고 하겠다. 물론 인간이 출생과 더불어 가질 수 있는 것이 기본적 인권이라 할 수 있는 것이다. 그러므로 기본적 인권은 고유권으로 인정되어 왔으며 실정법 이전의 자연법상의 권리라 인정된 것이다. 사람은 누구나 출생과 동시에 평등권을 가진다는 천부인권설은 고대 「그리스」에서 시작되어 중세의 자연법학설에서 배양되고 기독교의 성서중에서도 찾아 볼 수 있는 것이다. 특히 이 사상은 영국국민들 간에 발전하였으며 봉건시대에 들어와서 「헨리」 일세의 자유헌장과 「존왕」의 “대헌장”은 그 의의에 있어서 봉건제도의 신분층의 각 특권을 인정한 동시에 영국국민의 전통적 자유와 국왕의 권력에 제한이 있음을 증명한 것이다.

137Cs 기준조사장치의 특성 평가

이철영,하석호,전국진,김현문 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2 No.2