역사와 철학 : 정이천교육론(程伊川敎育論)에 관한 고찰(考察)

이천일 ( Chon Il Lee ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2011 동방학 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구는 북송대 신유학자인 이천의 교육론에 대해 그의 대표적 이론인 理체계를 바탕으로 이루어진 교육목적론과 교육방법론을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이천은 당시 신유학의 과제였던 존재원리이면서 신유학적 사유체계의 준거이자 근간인 理를 체계화하였고, 이와 더불어 당시 신유학이 도가와 불가에 비해 상대적으로 열세였던 인간이 가진 마음의 문제를 주체적이고 자각적인 태도로 접근하여 마음을 논리적으로 체계화함으로써, 유학에서 존재원리로서의 理와 함께 인간의 마음을 신유학에서의 또 하나의 핵심적 주제로 부각시키는 역할을 하였다. 이천의 교육론은 理를 중심으로 크게 교육목적론과 교육방법론으로 나누어 전개되었다. 이천 교육론의 목적은 선진유학의 전통과 동일하게 ``성인됨``에 두었다. 성인은 당시의 인간들이 가장 높은 곳에서 인간들을 향해 다채로운 모습으로 인간 생활을 살피는 존재이면서, 천리를 간직한 완전한 인간상이다. 동시에 凡人들과는 현격하게 다른 지극히 선한 인격을 가진 인격의 化身으로서 상정되었다고 할 수 있다. 그런데 이천이 제시하고 있는 교육 목적으로서의 성인이 갖는 중요한 점은 그것이 정해진 맑은기를 부여받아 태어나는 성인이 아니라 누구나 배움을 통해서 품부받은 탁한 기질을 선하게 전환시켜 성인에 이를 수 있다는 것을 밝혔다는 점이다. 즉 ``열린 성인으로의 전환``을 가져왔다는 것이다. 이천은 사람이 배움을 통해서 성인이 될 수 있으며, 성인이 되는 배움의 방법을 크게 두 가지로 나누어 설명하였다. 마음을 바로잡는(正其心) 함양방법으로서의 居敬과 본성을 기르는(養其性) 진학공부로서의 격물궁리 혹은 格物致知가 그것으로, 이를 통해 자신에게 품부 받은 기질을 선하게 변화시켜 결국 만사만물을 활연히 관통하여 天理를 깨달아 성인의 경지에 이를 수 있다고 보는 것이 이천이 체계화한 교육론이라 할 수 있다. This study examines the theory of education and teaching methodology based on li-system which was studied by Neo-confucianist 伊川(Yi-Chuan)in Northern-Song university. 伊川(Yi-Chuan) systematized li-system which was a principle of existence and a backbone of Neo-Confucian thinking system. He also systematized mind logically by approaching the human mind problem subjectively which Neo-confucianism was relatively inferior to the Taoism and Buddhism at that time. He played an important role to bring not only principle of existence but also human mind into relief in Neo-confucianism. 伊川(Yi-Chuan)`s Education was mainly divided into two categories based on li-system that were education aims and Training methodology. The purpose of his education theory was "being a saint" like the tradition of Advanced Confucianism. Saint is a human being who is checking the life of people in colorful ways in the highest place, and he is also a complete human having the law of nature. At time same time, a saint is an extremely good natured human being that could be presented as a typical model which is different from ordinary people. The importance of a saint as his purpose of education is that he proved a person who has a certain given set of pure energy is not a saint, but anyone could be a saint by converting murky temperament into pure one through learning. In other word, he brought ``the conversion of Opened Saint``. He thought that people could be a saint through learning, and he divided learning method into two things. They were 居敬(JuJing) which was the way to cultivate the mind to catch and 格物窮理(gewuqiongli) which was a pathways to study that fosters nature. He thought that through those, people could change their innate temperament into good one, and it could lead themselves to the state of a saint by penetrating all work and things of the world extensively. This was the theory of education he systemized.

탈세의 현황과 대책

이천현 ( Cheon Hyun Lee ) 한국형사정책학회 2010 刑事政策 Vol.22 No.2

Due to the expansion of social welfare policies of modern nations, financial demands of nations is rapidly increasing and the importance of the tax has increased day by day. However, on the tax payment obligor, the tax is a pure economic burden essentially. Because of this, tax payment obligor has a propensity to do not want to pay taxes as possible and such propensity is increasing because of tax burden that has been increased even more. On the other hand, the breach of tax obligation brings about a very large negative impact of the society. That is, tax evasion brings about the deficiencies in the national tax revenue, hinders overall operation of state and economic order of state, make inroads into the peoples` healthy motivation to work, and make people want to be lucky etc. In the these strained relations, a state has to gain revenue for a operation of state and social welfare with keeping minimizing a resistance against tax and people has to fulfill faithfully tax liability without a resistance against tax. In order to do so, construction and application of reasonable and equitable tax system are needed, and also the punishment against the breach of tax obligation must be fairly and efficiently. In order to investigate and handle tax evader strictly, and to strengthen illegality consciousness of the nation against tax crime from this, there are much limit on the negative supplement to the existing system. Therefore, it must be abolished the noticed disposition system and the exclusive accusation system of the National Tax Service by giving aspecial judicial police right to the tax administration agent more positively. Through this method, it is possible to strengthen illegality consciousness of the nation against tax crime.

교육,문화 : 입지(立志)의 의미와 교육적 해석

이천일 ( Chon Il Lee ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2010 동방학 Vol.18 No.-

교도소에서 의뢰된 급성 하악 지치 주위염의 보존적 감염관리:

이천의(Chun-Ui Lee),유재하(Jae-Ha Yoo),최병호(Byung-Ho Choi),설성한(Sung-Han Sul),김하랑(Ha-Rang Kim),모동엽(Dong-Yub Mo),김종배(Jong-Bae Kim) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2010 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.36 No.1

In the presence of acute pericoronitis of mandilbular third molar, antibiotic therapy and early incision and drainage are the method of choice, followed by definitive surgical extraction of the tooth as soon as it becomes subacute. If excision of the overlying tissues is decided on, it should be done adequately. All overlying tissues must be throughly excised, and the crown portion of the unerupted tooth should be completely exposed. After excision has been completed, the wound should be managed with a surgical dressing. This should be allowed to remain approximately 7 days. And then, surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar can be done usually. In this operation, there are many complications, such as, postoperative bleeding, infection, trismus, dysphasia and paresthesia. The surgeon are discredited and medicolegal problem may be occurred in the presence of many distressed complications. Therefore, the relatively nonsurgical treatment is the method of choice. So, authors selected the conservative treatment methods of incision and drainage, primary endodontic drainage, operculectomy without surgical extraction of the mandibular third molars. The results were more favorable without the postoperative complication in Wonju old offender prison.

2009년 12월 11일 한양대학교 법학연구소 학술대회 : 「주요법 개정의 현황과 문제점」-민법, 형법, 상법, 개정의 쟁점과 관련하여- ; 재산범죄 분야의 개정에 관한 소고

이천현 ( Cheon Hyun Lee ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2010 법학논총 Vol.27 No.1

Korean Criminal Law was revised eight times so far this year since it was established in 1953. Criminal Law Revisions in the field of crimes against property were three times: the third revision (1995), the fifth revision (2002) and the seventh revision (2005). In this way, it`s rare to revise crimes against property in Criminal Law. The object of this study is the field of crimes against property in Particulars of Criminal Law. But, in order to limit the range of the discussion, it is not be studied all regulations of the field of crimes against property individually but be studied only some regulations that intimately connected to one another in the field of crimes against property. This study considers the trend of the Criminal Law revision(Ⅱ) and proposes developmental strategies of the Criminal Law revision from now on(Ⅲ). The efforts for the total revision of the Criminal Law still exists. The government (Ministry of Justice) and the relevant academic societies pull out all the stops to revise the Criminal Law. It is expected to be proposed Criminal Law Revision Draft(a government bill) that is the fruit of their efforts before long.

산림토양내 질소의 양료화와 (養料化) 질산화에 관한 연구 : ion 교환수지의 처리 방법에 따른 질소의 흡수율 변화

이천용(Chun Yong Lee),David D . Myrold(David D . Myrold) 한국산림과학회 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.3

Soil N mineralization and nitrification can be measured conveniently using mixed bed (canon and anion) exchange resin bags. However, appropriate use of these resin bags requires pretreatment to avoid colorimetric interference and standardize N ion adsorption. Three pretreatments were evaluated : control (untreated), 2 M NaCl with a distilled water rinse, and 4 M NaCl. The 4 M NaCl treatment was effective at removing background levels of NH₄^+ and NO₃^-, but adsorbed low amounts (about 40%) of inorganic N from standard solutions. Untreated resin bags adsorbed a constant, higher amount of NO₃^- (60%), but did not remove background levels of NH₄^+. The 2 M NaCl treatment followed by a distilled water rinse performed best : it removed background NH₄^+ and adsorbed a constant amount of both NH₄^+ (70%) and NO₃^- (60%). Because the ion exchange resin is fairly expensive, we also tested if the resin bags could be reused. Resin bags were either loaded with NH₄^+ and ~i0- in the laboratory or incubated in soil in the field, desorbed with the 2 M NaCl treatment, and then loaded with standard NH₄^+ and NO₃^- solutions. Lab loaded resin bags adsorbed about 60% of inorganic N then loaded with 2.5 or 5.0 ㎎ N 1^(-1) and 70% when loaded at 10 or 20㎎ N 1^(-1), whereas reused field incubated bags showed the opposite adsorption efficiency. These results demonstrate that resin bags can give reproducible results, but care must be taken to evaluate the effect of pretreatment and potential for reuse.

세계금융위기와 형사정책

이천현(Lee, CheonHyun) 한양법학회 2011 漢陽法學 Vol.33 No.-

Korean Economy has showed the lowest rate of economic growth(2.3% in 2008, 0.2% in 2009) and unemployment rate (3.2% in 2008) since IMF external currency crisis. Also polarization of income has been more deepened. These economic condition has influenced a crime rate; the total number of the crimes has significantly increased. A crime rate in 2008 was 11.4% and it was the highest number for about twenty years. It seems that the global financial crisis had a big impact on economic crime, property crime, and violent crime. It was hard to find correlation between a crime of violence without assault and global financial crisis. Government made some criminal justice measures in these global financial crisis condition, and implemented them. However, the measures are almost identical with the action made in IMF external currency crisis. Furthermore, these measures show lots of limitations: absence of systemic and detailed analysis for changed crime, absence of proper measures of criminal justice institutions, absence of measures for victims, etc. People live in insecure world where they may face with difficult economic crisis such as IMF external currency crisis in 1998 or global financial crisis in 2008. Also, there are no fundamental and systemic measures of criminal justice. Therefore, it is needed to analyze repetitive economic crisis and the change of crimes from the crisis accurately and systematically. Moreover, based on the analysis, the foundation for criminal justice measures should be made.

청소년대상 성폭력범죄 처벌규정의 현황과 개선방안

이천현 ( Lee Cheon-hyun ) 한국소년정책학회 2009 少年保護硏究 Vol.12 No.-

The current laws that state the punishment policy on the sexual crimes against juveniles include the following: Criminal Act, Act on the Punishment of Sexual Crimes and Protection of Victims Thereof, Act on the Prevention of Juveniles from Sexual Abuse, Child Welfare Act, and Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes. However, according to the current system, the punishment policy on the sexual crime against juveniles, basically, is not separated from that against adults. In other words, the penal code of criminal act and criminal special act apply for all of the ages of recipients and do not distinguish adult and juvenile. Special penal code for under 20 year old and 13 year old, exceptionally, are only existed. Act on the Prevention of Juveniles from Sexual Abuse provides a part of aggravated punishment penal code for the "Under 19 year old juveniles" and Child Welfare Act, and Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes provides related penal codes as well. Since those punishment policies on the sexual crimes including the crime against juveniles exist in many laws in various forms, a number of issues have been brought -- for example, an imbalance of statutory penalty, a difficulty of legal applications, unfair punishments, a difficulty of solving a legal conflict between penal code and criminal special act, a decrease of the effect of an incongruity on the punishment policy, a concern of excessive punishments, and etc. Thus, this paper synthetically investigates the contents of the sexual crimes that have lied in many laws in various forms, especially the policy of the sexual crime against juveniles under 20 years old, and provides the solutions of them.

심박출량 모니터링 시스템을 위한 데이터 전송방법 설계 연구

이천양(C.-Y. Lee),최형민(H.-M. Choi),오탁영(T. Y. Oh ),복진수(J. S. Bok),최인묵(I.-M. Choi) 한국정밀공학회 2017 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.12월

리기테다소나무의 조림적지에 (造林適地) 관한 연구

이천용,이원규,박승걸,김갑성,오민영 ( Chun Yong Lee,Won Kyu Lee,Seung Kul Park,Kap Sung Kim,Min Young Oh ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.3

This study was carried out to examine the proper site fur Pinus rigida × P. taeda. The 91 sample plots (20×10m) were selected from the plantations located in middle part of Korea. Soil, environmental and climatic factors were investigated and regressed on the growth of Pinus rigida × taeda. ① The factory which influenced strongly on tire growth were temperature, elevation, soil moisture, physiographic position, slope, soil depth, wind protection, soil compactness and soil organic matter contents in order. ② The most effective factors among them mere temperature, elevation, soil moisture and physiographic position. ③General conditions of proper site for planting the hybrid pine were above-8℃ in mean minimum temperature in January, below 200m in elevation, moderate soil moisture, and valley or flat area in physiogtaphic position.