Poly[(ethylene glycol) diacrylate]-Poly(vinylidene fluoride) 전해질을 이용한 전기 이중층 캐패시터의 전기화학적 특성

양천모 ( Chun Mo Yang ),이중기 ( Joong Kee Lee ),조원일 ( Won Il Cho ),조병원 ( Byung Won Cho ),주재백 ( Jeh Beck Ju ),유관표 ( Kwan Pyo Yoo ),임병오 ( Byung O Rim ) 한국공업화학회 2002 공업화학 Vol.13 No.8

자외선 경화법으로 제조한 PEGDA-PVdF 젤상 고분자 전해질을 전기이중층캐패시터에 적용하였고, 액상 유기 전해질을 이용한 전기이중층캐패시터와 전기화학적 특성을 비교 조사하였다. 자외선 경화법으로 제조된 젤상 고분자 전해질[GPE:poly[(ethylene glycol) diacrylate]-poly(vinylidene fluoride) blend]을 이용한 전기이중층캐패시터의 경우, 비축전용량이 120 F/g으로 액상 유기 전해질 [LOE:1 M LiPF_6/EC:DMC:EMC (1:1:1 volume ratio)]을 이용한 전기이중층캐패시터의 비축전용량인 110 F/g보다 우수하였고, 100회 충방전 후에도 초기 비축전용량대비 92% 이상 유지하는 우수한 싸이클 특성을 나타내었으며 3.7 Ω의 낮은 ESR(equivalent series resistance)을 보여주었다. Cyclic voltammetry 분석 결과에서 보면 액상 유기 전해질과 젤상 고분자 전해질을 이용한 모든 전기이중층캐패시터에서 2.5 V까지 전해질의 분해 없이 전기화학적으로 안정하였고, 산화와 환원과 관련된 전류값 또한 관찰되지 않았다. 젤상 고분자 전해질을 이용한 전기이중층캐패시터의 경우에서 직사각형 모양의 이상적인 전기이중층캐패시터의 특성과 49 ㎂의 낮은 누설 전류값을 나타내었다. 자가방전 특성 결과, 젤상 고분자 전해질을 이용한 전기이중층캐패시터의 경우 2.5 V의 정전압 충전 시 OCV(open circuit voltage) 상태에서 100 h 경과 후 1.76 V의 전압을 유지하고 있어 0.25 V의 액상 유기 전해질을 이용한 전기이중층캐패시터보다 매우 우수함을 확인하였다. Poly[(ethylene glycol) diacrylate] (PEGDA)-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) gel polymer was employed as an electrolyte for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) and compared its electrochemical characteristics with that of liquid organic electrolyte. The used organic electrolyte was 1 mole of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF_6) salt containing in the solvent mixture of ethylene carbonate(EC):dimethyl carbonate(DMC):ethylmethyl carbonate(EMC)(1:1:1 volume ratio). The specific capacitance of EDLC with gel polymer electrolyte showed 120 F/g, which was superior to that of 110 F/g with liquid organic electrolyte. Good cyclability was observed for gel polymer electrolyte of EDLC. The 92% of initial specific capacitance was retained after 100 cycles of charge-discharge runs. Equivalent series resistance of 3.7 Ω of the EDLC with gel polymer electrolyte was lower than that of EDLC with liquid organic electrolyte. The EDLC with gel polymer electrolyte exhibited rectangular cyclic voltammogram of ideal EDLC in operating voltage range of 0∼2.5 V and low leakage current of 49 ㎂. Voltage drop from self-discharge was low for gel polymer electrolyte. The 29.6% of initial voltage decreased for gel polymer electrolyte, but significantly decreased to 99% for liquid organic electrolyte. The good retentivity with gel polymer electrolyte possible comes from the difference in viscosity compared with that of liquid organic electrolyte.

Dual Coating Improves the Survival of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Strains during Exposure to Simulated Gastro-Intestinal Conditions

강주연,이도경,박재은,김민지,이중수,서재구,정명준,신혜순,하남주,Kang, Joo Yeon,Lee, Do Kyung,Park, Jae Eun,Kim, Min Ji,Lee, Joong-Su,Seo, Jae-Gu,Chung, Myung Jun,Shin, Hea Soon,Ha, Nam Joo The Microbiological Society of Korea 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.3

프로바이오틱 박테리아는 면역력 활성 조절, 콜레스테롤 수치 억제, 유당내성 강화, 항종양 활성 등의 다양한 생리활성 기능으로 건강 증진 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 프로바이오틱 박테리아는 일단 섭취하게 되면 위장관을 통과하는 동안 산도가 낮거나 단백질분해 효소가 많은 열악한 환경에서 생존해야 하며 프로바이오틱 효과를 발휘하기 위해 증식해야 한다. 이중 코팅 기술은 펩타이드와 다당류의 이중코팅으로 섭취된 프로바이오틱 박테리아를 열악한 조건으로부터 보호하기 위해 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 이중코팅 된 4종의 비피도박테리움 혼합물의 생존 안정성을 평가하기 위해 코팅이 되지 않은 비피도박테리움 혼합물과 담즙, 산 저항성 및 열 안정성을 비교 평가하였다. 이중 코팅 된 균주와 코팅이 되지 않은 균주를 산과 담즙 조건 및 $40^{\circ}C$에 노출 시킨 후 한천배지에 배양하여 생존생육 세포수를 측정하였으며, BacLigtht 키트를 이용하여 염색 한 후 유세포 분석기를 이용하여 생균과 사균의 세포수를 평가하였다. 이중코팅 된 균주 혼합물의 경우 코팅이 되지 않은 균주 혼합물 보다 산, 담즙 내성이 더 높았으며, 열 안전성 또한 코팅 되지 않은 균주 혼합물보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과들로 이중코팅 기술은 프로바이오틱 박테리아의 안정성 및 섭취 후 위장관 트랙을 통과하는 동안 균주의 생존률을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. Probiotics have been reported to benefit human health by modulating immunity, lowering cholesterol, improving lactose tolerance, and preventing some cancer. Once ingested, probiotic microorganisms have to survive harsh conditions such as low pH, protease-rich condition, and bile salts during their passage through the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract colonize and proliferate to exert their probiotic effects. The dual coating technology, by which the bacteria are doubly coated with peptides and polysaccharides in consecutive order, was developed to protect the ingested bacteria from the harsh conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the viable stability of a doubly coated blend of four species of Bifidobacterium by comparing its bile/acid resistance and heat viability in vitro with that of the non-coated blend. After challenges with acid, bile salts, heat, and viable cell counts (VVCs) of the dual coated and non-coated blend were determined by cultivation on agar plates or flow cytometric measurement after being stain with the BacLigtht kit$^{TM}$. The results showed that the dual coated blend was much higher resistant to the acidic or bile salt condition than the non-coated blend and heat viability was also higher, indicating that the dual coating can improve the survival of probiotic bacteria during their transit through the GI tract after consumption.

구조화된 격자구조 상의 유동 데이터를 위한 병렬 가시화 기법

이중연(Joong-Youn Lee) 한국정보과학회 2009 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.36 No.2B

구조화된 격자 상에 정의된 유동 데이터는 다양한 과학 및 공학 분야에서 매우 중요하게 다루어진다. 이러한 데이터는 데카르트 격자 상의 데이터에 비해 많은 처리시간을 필요로 하는데, 이는 여러 대의 컴퓨터를 이용한 병렬화를 통해 해결이 가능하다. 그러나 인접한 셀들과의 밀접하게 정보를 주고받으며 계산하는 유동 가시화의 특성 상 임의로 데이터를 분할하는 것은 매우 빈번한 노드 간 통신을 야기하여 전체 성능을 떨어트리게 한다. 본 논문에서는 전체 유동 데이터의 클러스터링을 통해 데이터를 분할하여 최대한 노드 간 통신을 줄이는 방법으로 병렬화 성능을 높이는 방안을 제안한다. 이러한 방법을 이용해서 병렬 유동 가시화 시간을 최대 2.7배 향상시킬 수 있었다.

압력구배가 있는 유동장에서 화염의 특성 및 배출물에 관한 연구

이중성(Joong-Sung Lee),최병륜(Byeong-Ryun Choi) 한국항공우주학회 1996 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

압력구배가 있는 유동장내의 원주 후류의 난류 확산화염에 관한 실험적 연구

이중성(Joong-Sung Lee),최병륜(Byeong-Ryun Choi) 한국항공우주학회 1995 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

하이브리드 자동차의 주행 모드 변환에 따른 실시간 모니터링 교육용 콘텐츠 개발

이중순(Lee, Joong-Soon),손일문(Son, Il-Moon) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.4

Toyota사의 PRIUS THS 시스템을 이용하여 HEV 알고리즘 분석을 통한 THS의 주행 모드 변환에 따른 실시 간 모니터링 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 병렬형 하이브리드 시스템의 경우에 엔진과 전동기를 주행 상태 최적인 상태 로 운행하기 위해서는 다양한 제어전략이 필요하다. 본 연구를 통하여 주행 가능한 THS 차량의 주행에 필요한 입․출 력 정보를 실시간적으로 모니터링할 수 있는 시스템을 개발한 결과, 하이브리드 자동차의 동력 분할 및 에너지 활용 을 극대화시키기 위한 수단의 하나로 차량의 주행모드 변화에 따른 각 구성요소의 동작 상태를 모니터링 가능하게 되었다. 개발된 시스템은 제어전략의 체계적인 수립과 실시간 데이터 분석이 가능하기 때문에 HEV자동차의 알고리즘 분석해석을 통해 HEV자동차의 개발 기반에 유용하게 활용될 것이다. A key factor in the study of hybrid vehicle is to enhance the usability of energy. The paper introduces the monitor and controlling technology of hybrid vehicle that can process the relevant information considering the structure of power system and driving strategies simultaneously, and can monitor its results. This technology, so called HEV algorithm analysis, has been applied to PRIUS THS made by Toyota Co. LTD. This model is adapted to parallel hybrid type. It has a somewhat comlex structure, but has several merits. It's energy loss is lower when conversing. and also it is easily applied to the conventional vehicle having a gasoline engine without any overall changing of its structure, and so on. This monitor and controlling technology is very useful to study on the various driving strategies of hybrid vehicle for maximizing the usability between engine and electric motor.

Cache Enhancement Methods for Fast Pathline Computation Based on Ellipsoidal Distance Function

Joong-Youn Lee(이중연),Jinah Park(박진아) 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 2014 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.7

불교에서 보는 인간과 자연

이중표(Lee Joong Pyo) 불교학연구회 2001 불교학연구 Vol.2 No.-

The law of causality is the foundation of understanding of the world. Regardless of East and West, the traditional understanding of the world was mostly the linear unidirectional causal paradigm that sees the cause and effect in a linear and one-way direction of substances. The flow from cause to effect provides the general chain of cause and effect in the linear causality because it sees the relationship of cause and effect as a one-way relationship among substances. This chain of cause and effect ends up with presupposing the fundamental substance as the first cause. Or, it ends up with infinite regress. Consequently, the contradictory assertions are opposed to each other: Does substance exist or not? Is the fundamental substance the mind or matter? We are required to choose one out of the two contradictory assertions. The Buddha saw that the causal law is not a linear but a network because everything exists co-dependently. So there is neither the first cause nor the fundamental substance from the perspective of Buddhism because there is no a cause to be regress. There is only an endless changing process in a relationship that gives and takes effects each other. Therefore, Buddhism sees that substance is empty and relationship is real. The understanding of the world of Buddhism is based on this co-dependent causality, namely, the doctrine of co-dependent arising. From the perspective of the doctrine of co-dependent arising, the world is arising through the structure of human cognition. In other words, the foundation of the world is the structure of human cognition, and humans live and made themselves and the world on the basis of it. This is the thought of karma. According to the thought of karma, humans and nature are a changing process by the result of life, namely, by the life as karma. Depending upon how humans live, humans the mselves and their environments, nature, change. Humans change nature and nature does humans. So nature and humans are related in the way of being neither the same nor different.(不一不異) The above understanding on nature and humans is the basis of Buddhist ethics. Nature cannot exist without humans, and humans can neither without being related to nature. Humans are effected by nature and nature is effected by their life. Nature and humans are in one life in the relation of being neither the same nor different. The world of nature is not the world of objective facts that is not related to humans. Instead, it is understood and changed by the life of humans, and gives influence on human life. Therefore, ethics should be applied to not only the relationship of humans but also the relationship of humans and nature. Here there is a necessary requirement of environmental ethics which modem ethics regarded as an important subject. The core of morals is ""justice"" in western ethics. But ""compassion"" is the core of ethics in Buddhist ethics. Justice is based on a supposition that humans are separated individuals. Humans are confronted with each other in front of their interests. When the interest of the self and that of others are opposed, a fair principle of distribution is needed. Here justice comes to take place as a fair principle of distribution. Thus, in ethics of justice, nature is only an object of distribution for human beings in a fair way. Depending upon the doctrine of co-dependent arising Buddhism emphasizes ""non-duelity of self and others""(自他不二) saying that both ""you and I"" and ""humans and nature"" are one. Through this thought, the self is extended from ""I"" to ""others,"" and from ""humans"" to ""nature."" When ""the self"" embraces ""the others"" and ""nature"" due to this extension, the opposition between humans, and humans and nature disappear. This extension of the self is done through the right understanding(般若, wisdom) on the relationship between humans and nature, and is realized through compassio

대학 기숙사의 기숙사비 결정 요인에 관한 연구

이중식(Lee, Joong-Sik),유선종(Yoo, Seon-Jong) 한국교육시설학회 2014 敎育施設 Vol.21 No.3

Properties of school foundation are divided into fundamental property for education and fundamental property for profit. As school sites and teachers used for educational and study activities of students, fundamental property for education includes practice sites, farms and support research attached facilities in addition to school facilities. According to the Clause 1 of Article 4 of the University Foundation and Management Regulation and the Attached Table 2 of the Same Regulation, dormitory is classified as property for education(non-profit). In other words, there is no need to create profit for dormitory management. It is supposed that there are little regional differences in construction cost of dormitory with general specifications. In this case, boarding fees of university dormitories should make no difference. This study analyzed boarding fees, depending on regional factors(Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, metropolitan cities and provinces), and depending on foundation subjects(national public university and private university), classes(four-year university and college) and principal schools-branch schools. The result of One-Way ANOVA showed that Seoul showed the highest average boarding fee and it was followed by Gyeonggi-do, metropolitan cities and provinces. Also, the average boarding fees of private universities and four-year universities were higher than national public universities and than colleges, respectively. In addition, branch school's boarding fee was higher than principal school's. Additionally, this study extracted a model using the hedonic model to see how various characteristics such as region, foundation subject and class influence the boarding fee. This study would serve as fundamental research on the boarding fee. Thus far, there have been difficulties in obtaining accurate data and analyzing boarding fees, since there is no open data about dormitories and it isn't mandatory to open it, but it is anticipated that this would be used as fundamental research for estimating and analyzing boarding fees of many universities in the future.

터보 등화기를 적용한 SC-FDM의 링크-레벨 성능

이중호(Lee Joong Ho),윤석현(Yoon Seok hyun) 한국통신학회 2015 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.1