한국형 고속철도 승차감의 감성 모형 개발

이주환,이철,김인기,윤명환,Lee, Joo-Hwan,Lee, Cheol,Kim, In-Ki,Yun, Myung-Hwan 대한인간공학회 2007 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

KTX (Korea Train eXpress) is launched as the $5^{th}$ develop a ride-comfort model for high-speed rail pasengers using structural equation model (SEM). Both qualitative and quantitative factors affecting ride-comfort were investigated, and employed to construct a comprehensive ride-comfort model. The SEM model was built with twenty measurement variables and seven latent variables for the evaluation of ride-comfort of high-speed train passenger. A total of six hundreds thirty two subjects participated in the evaluation using face-to-face survey method. As a result, the proposed SEM model model fitnes (GFI=0.93). According to the results, overall ride-comfort was significantly affected by the seat-, fatigue-, interior-related, and customer satisfaction variables such as fare. Among the engineering design variables of high-speed train, seat-related variables were identified as critical factors of the ride-comfort. It is expected that the result of this study could be useful for the enhancement of ride comfort in next generation KTX.

백서의 좌골신경 절단 후 비복근의 자기공명영상 신호강도 변화와 근전도 소견의 관계

이주환,이장철,김동원,박기영,이성문,Lee, Joo Hwan,Lee, Jang Chul,Kim, Dong Won,Park, Ki Young,Lee, Sung Moon 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.1

Objectives : The evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries has traditionally relied on a clinical history, physical examination, and electrodiagnostic studies. The purpose of the present study was to examine serial magnetic resonance image(MRI) changes following acute muscle denervation under experimental conditions and to identify potential advantages and disadvantages of this use of MRI. Methods : An experimental transection of right sciatic nerve on Spargue-Dawley rats was performed. MRI was performed with T1-weighted spin-echo and STIR sequences. The imaging findings were compared with EMG in order to determine its sensitivity relative to this standard procedure. A simultaneous histopathological study provided information about the morphological basis of the imaging findings. Signal intensities were expressed as a ratio of abnormal to normal. Results : The signal intensity ratio of muscles with the STIR sequence was increased significantly at 2 weeks after sciatic nerve transection(p<0.05), although definite signal change was seen as early as 4 days postdenervation in one. EMG revealed significant denervation potential from 3 days after nerve transection. Diffuse cell atrophy was revealed hostologically at 2 weeks after transection, which was at the same time of significant signal change in MRI. Conclusion : MRI signal changes in denervated muscles secondary to nerve injury correlate with the degree of muscle atrophy on histologic examination. In addition to EMG, MRI can document the course of muscle atrophy and mesenchymal abnormalities in denervation. These results indicate that MRI can play a complementary role in the evaluation of patients with denervation.

KS인증시스템 표준화가 중소기업 수출성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이주환 ( Joo-hwan Lee ),정재은 ( Jae-eun Chung ),문희철 ( Hee-cheol Moon ),임성범 ( Seong-beom Lim ) 한국통상정보학회 2016 통상정보연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 KS인증업체를 중심으로 KS인증시스템이 중소기업 수출성과에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석하여 국제환경에 중소기업의 수출경쟁력을 강화하는데 시사점을 제시하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 환경특성요인과 기업특성요인에 대한 선행연구를 통해 이 요인들이 KS인증시스템 표준화 요인에 영향을 미치는 것을 규명하고 KS인증시스템 표준화 요인이 수출성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 타당성분석, 신뢰성분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 기업특성요인의 경영자마인드, 종업원표준인식, KS인증교육이 KS인증시스템표준화 요인에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 KS인증시스템 표준화 요인이 수출성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석한 결과에 따라 중소기업에 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 수출성과를 강화하기 위해서는 중소기업 최고경영자는 KS인증시스템에 대한 사내표준화 마인드를 고양시키는 지원이 요구된다. 둘째, 중소기업 종업원에 대한 표준화 인식이 높아질 수 있는 KS인증 교육이 필요하다. 셋째, 제품품질 향상을 위해 ISO 인증, FTA관련 업무 사내 표준화 시스템 활용이 필요하다. This study aims to analyze the influences of KS certification system on export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea. The analysis may contribute to enhance export competitiveness of Korean SMEs. Based on previous studies for environment-specific and business-specific determinants regarding KS certification system, this study analyzed six factors influencing on export performance of Korean SMEs. For empirical tests, this study used frequency, validity, reliability, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 21.0. The results of analysis could be summarized as follows. Managerial mind had influence on KS certification system, whereas employee`s awareness on standard was influential to the same categories. Another business-specific factor, KS certification education & training, affected factors of general standardization of KS certification system. General standardization of KS certification factor had effects on export strategic performance. This empirical study presents following implications for small and medium businesses. First, considering that SME management mind proved to be influencing all variables, the concerned SME CEOs are required to support and encourage intra-standardization of KS certification mind within the company to improve their export performance. Second, to better the export performance, SMEs not only need to support, but also to provide education of KS certification to raise awareness on standardization among the employees. Third, ISO certification as well as intra-business standardized system for FTA-related works are highly encouraged to put into use to improve the quality of products.

미국 특허법에서의 특허침해로 인한 일실이익 산정방법 ― 일실판매에 의한 일실이익과 가격침식에 의한 일실이익을 중심으로 ―

이주환 ( Lee Joo Hwan ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2018 法學硏究 Vol.28 No.3

Historically the U.S. courts had adopted the legal principles about the method for calculating lost profit damages of lost sales and price erosion caused by patent infringement. The U.S. courts had adopted the “Panduit test” that is a general standard to determine whether lost profit damages of lost sales could be recognized. Traditionally the courts had determined the second element of the “Panduit test”, namely “non-exsistence of acceptable noninfringing substitutes” in terms of “technical substitutability”. But, since 1990s the courts has determined the second element in terms of “economic substitutability” together with “technical substitutability”. And, the CAFC had lowered the standard to determine “acceptability of noninfringing substitutes” by deciding that noninfringing substitutes are likely to exist in the relevant product market could satisfy the acceptability requirement through the Grain Processing decision in 1999. Also, the CAFC had ruled that to get lost profit damages of price erosion, patentees should show that but for infringement it would have sold its product at higher prices as well as the reduced amount of product the patentee would have sold at the higher price through the Crystal Semiconductor decision in 2001. In the end, the Grain Processing decision and the Crystal Semiconductor decision had limited the damages resulting from patent infringement.

Quantum dot LED (QD-LED)와 White-LED 보광에 따른 방울토마토 과실의 품질, 수확량 및 경제성 비교

이주환 ( Joo Hwan Lee ),최담희 ( Dam Hee Choi ),노유한 ( Yoo Han Roh ),권용범 ( Yong Beom Kwon ),아포라비아비오둔사무엘 ( Abiodun Samuel Afolabi ),최인이 ( In-lee Choi ),김용득 ( Yongduk Kim ),신정철 ( Jung Chul Shin ),김민하 ( Minha K 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.34 No.0

본 연구는 햇빛을 대조구로 설정하고 White 및 QD-LED를 이용하여 방울토마토의 군락 위 보광을 하였으며, 과실의 수확량 및 내·외적 품질변화에 대해 알아보고 경제적이며 효과적인 광원을 선발하기 위해 수행하였다. 인공광원을 통한 보광은 대조구보다 평균 45.4% 광도를 높였으며 Fv/Fm은 9.2% 증가했다. 광도 변화와 함께 광원의 광질에 따라서도 차이를 보였는데, QD-LED에서 가장 높은 a*/b*값으로 White-LED 및 대조구보다 변색기의 진행이 빨라 숙기가 가장 많이 단축됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 과장, 과폭, 과실수, 과방무게에서 보광처리구가 대조구보다 높은 값을 보였으며, 그 중 QD-LED가 결과값이 가장 높았다. 당도는 같은 기간 내 성숙이 가장 빨랐던 QD-LED가 가장 높았고 산도 및 경도는 가장 낮았다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능과 Ascorbic acid는 보광처리가 대조구보다 높은 값을 보였고 보광처리구에서는 QD-LED가 White-LED보다 더 좋은 효과를 나타냈으며, 기형과 발생률도 QD-LED에서 가장 낮았다. 두 광원의 경제적인 측면을 고려할 때 QD-LED는 White-LED에 비해 상대적으로 전력 소비가 적고 비용이 저렴하며 에너지 사용 효율이 훨씬 높았다. 이 모든 요소를 종합하면 방울토마토의 군락 위에 대한 보광은 효과적이며 광원으로는 QD-LED를 사용하는 것이 가장 적합하다고 판단된다. This study was conducted to investigate the yield of fruits and changes in internal and external quality, and to select an economical and effective light source. Sunlight was set as a control, and lights were supplemented on the upper canopy of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) using white and QD-LED. The supplemental light through the artificial light source increased the light intensity by 45.4% on average compared to the control, and the Fv/Fm increased by 9.2%. There was a difference in light quality as well as a change in light intensity, and it was found that the QD-LED with the highest a*/b* value progressed faster at the breaking stage and the maturation period was greatly shortened compared to that of White-LED and the control. The supplemental lighting treated group showed higher values than the control group for length, width, number of fruit, and weight of cluster, and among them, QD-LED showed the highest value. The QD-LED, which matured tomatoes the fastest within the same period, resulted in the highest soluble solids and the lowest titratable acidity and firmness. For DPPH radical scavenging activity and ascorbic acid, the supplemental lighting treatment showed higher values than the control group, and QD-LED showed better effects than White-LED in the supplemental lighting treatment. Additionally, the malformed fruit incidence rates were the lowest in QD-LED. Considering the economical aspect of both light sources, the QD-LED showed a relatively lower electrical power consumption, lower cost, and a much higher energy use efficiency than White-LED. We conclude that supplemental lightning on the upper canopy of cherry tomatoes is effective and QD-LED is the most suitable for use.

다양한 인공광원에 따른 미니 적로메인 상추(cv. Breen)의 외적, 내적 품질변화

이주환(Joo Hwan Lee),권용범(Yong Beom Kwon),노유한(Yoo Han Roh),최인이(In-Lee Choi),김용득(Yongduk Kim),신정철(Jung Chul Shin),김민하(Minha Kim),강호민(Ho-Min Kang) 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

미국 특허법상 특허침해로 인한 합리적인 실시료의 산정방법 ― 확립된 실시료 산정방법, 분석적인 산정방법, 25% 실시료율 산정방법을 중심으로 ―

이주환 ( Lee Joo Hwan ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2019 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.3

From the middle of the 19th century, a established royalty method had been used. The method is explicitly referred to in Georgian-Pacific Factors No.1 circumstantial evidence, which is one of legal principles of the hypothetical negotiation method. Therefore, patentees can demonstrate that the royalty they received from licensees through the license contract is a reasonable royalty based on the method. An analytical method determines the amount of the net profit generally acquired by an infringer minus the usual net profit expected to be obtained by an infringer due to patent infringement, or the standard net profit recognized in the industry, as a reasonable royalty. Since the reasonable royalty calculated by the analytical method is generally calculated at a higher price than that calculated by the hypothetical method, the analytical method may be a solution to the criticism that there is a concern that damages based on hypothetical negotiation method may not be calculated to the extent that the patentee is properly protected. The 25% percent method was thrown away by the CAFC on the grounds that it is an arbitrary method. Currently, the amount of damages caused by patent infringement is calculated in small amounts in South Korea, which is widely criticized as hindering industrial development through innovation that our patent law is aiming at. In this respect, it is a “good policy” to introduce an analytical calculation method into the Korea patent law.

미국 상표법에서의 신용이론의 역사적 발전과정과 상표보호의 확장

이주환 ( Lee Joo Hwan ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2020 法學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

Trademark law in South Korea aims to protect the two legal interests: the goodwill of the trademark user and the benefit of the consumer. Therefore, protecting the goodwill of a trademark chosen by a trademark user conforms to the purpose of the trademark law in Korea. Historically, the U.S. Court had adopted a legal principle that trademark law protects the mark itself with property rights, but changed a legal principle that trademark law protects the goodwill with property rights. As a result, the changed principle has become a legal basis for recognizing the expansion of trademark protection, breaking away from limited trademark protection based on traditional confusion theory. In other words, that principle was used as legal tools to recognize trademark infringement of non-competing goods. As a result, this goodwill theory became the legal basis for the U.S. Court to adopt the principles of expanding trademark infringement: dilution theory, post-sale confusion theory, initial interest confusion theory. However, it is not desirable to extend the scope of protection of trademarks excessively based on the goodwill theory. This is because trademark law requires the balanced protection of the two legal interests. In other words, trademark infringement under trademark law should be made on the basis of the protection of goodwill enjoyed by the trademark holder through his property rights and the protection of consumers' interests in preventing source confusion. Consequently, the purpose of the trademark law of the interest of consumers should not be disregarded by the expansion of trademark protection based on the goodwill theory.

균형성과지표 기반의 사용성 투자성과관리 Framework 개발에 관한 연구

이주환(Joo Hwan Lee),지용구(Yong Gu Ji),윤명환(Myung Hwan Yun) 한국HCI학회 2004 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.2

미국 연방대법원 Halo 판결 이후 미국 특허법상 증액손해배상제도에 대한 지방법원 판결 경향과 우리 특허법에 대한 시사점

이주환 ( Lee Joo Hwan ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2020 法學硏究 Vol.30 No.4

In 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court had abolished the legal principles of enhanced damages under the U.S. patent law adopted by the CAFC in 2007 and adopted new legal principles through the Halo decision. The Halo decision can be evaluated as the product of the Supreme Court, which sought to promote industrial and economic development through innovation by lowering the criteria of willful infringement. After Supreme Court's Halo decision had been ruled, it is analyzed that the trial court has taken two methods in calculating enhanced damages based on the jury's verdict of willful infringement. The first method is to calculate enhanced damages based on the Read Factors adopted by the CAFC in 1992. The second method is to calculate enhanced damages by analyzing the circumstances presented in the relevant case. From July 9, 2019, enhanced damages under domestic patent law has been implemented. The district court decision since the Halo decision has two implications for the practical operation of enhanced damages under domestic patent law. First, when our courts establishes the concept of “willful infringement” as stipulated in Article 128(8) of domestic Patent Law, it is undesirable to set the concept too high to guarantee the effectiveness of the system. Second, in relation to the application of the eight factors stipulated in Article 128(9), our courts can calculate enhanced damages by analyzing the factors related to the circumstances presented in the case.