늙음을 탄식하는 이를 향한 공감과 위로의 소통 방식

이은화(Lee, Eun-Hwa),김윤희(Kim, Yun-Hee) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.140

This study focuses on a feminine verse written by Mrs. Lee Ho of the Jinseong Lee clan that has not yet been studied in the academic world, despite the fact that its specific details were previously revealed through a collection of verses titled ‘Bugae-gasa’. In particular, by synthetically examining ‘Notanga’(semantically the verse of lamentation for aging), which is included in the collection, and its answer verse, ‘Notandabgok’(semantically, an answer song to a lamentation for aging) by Mrs. Choi of the Jeonju Choi clan, this study identified characteristics of the two writings as well as, different aspects and cultural meanings of feminine verses shared within a clan. ‘Notanga’, where the rhetoric of self-lamentation for aging is found, has a prominent feature, that she focused on her sick body and portrayed the symptoms and changes in various manners. Mrs. Choi, who read ‘Notanga’, noted that ‘the style is fascinating’. In particular, the lamentation of women in ‘Notanga’ is portrayed very differently compared to other writings dealing with the aging of women in the masculine viewpoint of the late Joseon period. This study found that in ‘Notanga’, an elderly woman focused on her own body and tried to portray the aspects of suffering and change in a realistic manner. It shows the subjective anguish and expressive power in a woman’s viewpoint, not from an external or other person’s viewpoint. It seems that Mrs. Choi, who wrote ‘Notandapgok’, also expressed her desire to tell of a repressed life by a feminine verse after she read ‘Notanga’. At that time, she was enduring hard life circumstances as the eldest daughter-in-law of, a head family. When Mrs. Choi read ‘Notanga’ and found psychological support, her foundation for expression grew, and she learned to express the difficulty of ‘a woman’s married life’ through the words in a feminine verse. She revealed her desires and true voice by composing ‘Notandapgok’ with a more active mind. Paradoxically, the real aspect of suffering and lamentation portrayed by Mrs. Choi acted as a mechanism of consolation to Mrs. Lee Ho, who lamented aging. In this way, it is necessary to pay attention to the examples of dialogue and communication on a family basis among the ways in which feminine verses were distributed in the Yeongnam area in the late Joseon period. A feminine verse is a communication method based on not only the self-esteem of amember of the prestigious family, but also provides a sense of solidarity withthose around them and their circumstances.

냉온수기에서 일반세균의 분포 및 분리한 세균의 특성

이은화,고지윤,김종설,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Koh, Ji-Yun,Kim, Jong-Seol 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.3

To evaluate bacteriological water quality, samples were taken from drinking water dispensers placed at S company (S-C) and U highschool (U-H) in Ulsan. The medians of heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) were 53 CFU/ml for the 74 water samples of S-C and 80 CFU/ml for the 36 cold water samples of U-H, and 38% of the S-C and 42% of the U-H samples showed HPC bacterial concentrations higher than 100 CFU/ml. Coliform bacteria were detected from one sample of S-C. To determine the major source of bacterial contamination, water samples were taken daily for $6\sim8$ days from the bottled water containers as well as the faucets of an experimental water dispenser. While the average HPCs in the bottled water containers were 33 CFU/ml for the first and 132 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis, the HPC concentration in the cold water samples was 1,022 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis. These results suggest that the majority of bacteria detected in the cold water samples were originated from the biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. There was no significant increase in HPC bacterial concentrations within the bottled water container after installation on the water dispenser. We could isolate and tentatively identify 3 genera 6 species of Gram-positive and 7 genera 7 species of Gram-negative bacteria from the plate count agar plates of U-H samples. Among the isolates, 72% were observed as Gram-positive, and Micrococcus spp. was the most abundant with 54% of the total, followed by Sphingomonas paucimobilis with 16%. It appears that most of the HPC bacteria detected in water dispensers originate from indoor airborne bacteria, which may play important roles in the formation of biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. 울산 소재 S회사(S-C)와 U고등학교(U-H)에 설치된 냉온수기를 대상으로 S-C에서 냉수 74개, U-H에서 냉수와 온수 각 36개의 시료를 채수하여 미생물 분포를 조사하였다. 일반세균 농도의 중간값은, S-C 시료에서 53 CFU/ml ($0\sim4,135$ CFU/ml)이었으며, U-H의 경우 냉수에서 80 CFU/ml ($0\sim1,480$ CFU/ml), 온수에서 0 CFU/ml ($0\sim240$ CFU/ml)이었다. S-C 시료의 38%, U-H 냉수 시료의 42%에서 일반세균에 대한 먹는 물 수질기준인 100 CFU/ml을 초과하였으며, 대장균군은S-C의 1개 시료에서 검출되었다. 냉온수기에서 검출되는 미생물의 주요오염 경로를 확인하고자, 2회에 걸쳐 먹는 샘물 용기로부터 각각 6일과 8일 동안 매일 시료를 채수하였으며, 2회 채수는 냉온수기의 꼭지에서도 행하였다. 일반세균 농도의 평균값은, 먹는 샘물 용기에서 1회 33 CFU/ml, 2회 132 CFU/ml이었으며, 냉수 꼭지 시료에서 1,022 CFU/ml로, 냉온수기 꼭지에서 검출되는 대부분의 세균은 먹는 샘물이 수조통과 통로관을 거치면서 오염된 것으로 판단된다. 먹는 샘물 용기를 냉온수기에 연결한 후 시간의 경과에 따른 용기 내 일반세균수의 유의성 있는 증가는 없었다. 임의의 100개 일반세균 집 락을 대상으로 순수배양 후표현형에 따른 동정 시험을 하였으며, 그람양성 3속6종,그람음성 7속7종 등, 모두 10속13종의 세균을 잠정적으로 확인하였다. U-H의 4대 냉온수기 꼭지에서, 그람양성은 전체의 72%이었고, 그람양성의 Micrococcus spp.가 전체의 54%를 차지하여 가장 많았다. Micrococus spp.와 그람음성의 Sphingomonas paucimobilis는4대의 냉온수기 모두에서 분리되었다. 냉온수기의 일반세균은 주로 실내 공기중 미생물로부터 유래하며, 이들 미생물이 냉온수기의 수조통 흑은 통로관에서 생물막 형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

Degassing 조건이 Ni-Cr 합금의 도재결합력에 미치는 영향

이은화,전영찬,정창모,임장섭,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Jeon, Young-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Lim, Jang-Seop 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.4

This study evaluated the effect of degassing on the ceramic bond strength of two Ni-Cr alloys under varying holding time at the upper limit temperature and atmospheric conditions. Metal specimens were divided into 5 groups for each alloy according to degassing conditions prior to porcelain application no degassing, degassing under vacuum without hold, degassing under vacuum with hold for 5 min. and 10 min. respectively at the upper limit temperature and degassing in air. Total number of metal ceramic specimens was eighty and each group had eight specimens. The ceramic bond strength was measured by four-point flexural test using Instron and the fractured surface was examined under SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Degassing in air improved the ceramic bond strength of Ni-Cr alloys. 2. In degassing under vacuum, hold at the upper limit temperature was advantageous to the ceramic bonding of Ni-Cr alloys. 3. After ceramic metal bond test, metal surfaces were partially covered with the thin porcelain layer, and the cohesive failures in porcelain were predominant in groups showing higher ceramic bond strength.

초음파 치료에서 연령과 사마귀 발생시기가 사마귀 치유에 미치는 효과

이은화(Eun Hwa Lee),정재경(Jae Kyoung Jung),황미경(Mi Kyoung Hwang) 한국전문물리치료학회 1997 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.2

한국 대학에서 유학생이 겪는 학습의 어려움 분석

이은화(Eun-Hwa LEE),조용개(Yong-Gae CHO),김난희(Nan-Hee KIM) 한국수산해양교육학회 2014 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.26 No.6

In recently, attracting foreign students are very active in lots of universities of South Korea. According to trend, foreign students who are studying in Korea have increased steadily. The programs to support and help them for adaptation of the university and academic success are rising though, on account of language barrier, it seems not easy to adapt to those people who finished studying korean language training that roles incubator and entered their major. More over, to expect personal training for them by professors is also difficult because of short of educational or executive and bankroll support in reality. Therefore it became a social issue about managing foreign students of South Korea. This study aimed to analyse the difficulties of learning from chinese international student’s view. For this, we analysed focus group interview which intended 16 chinese foreign students and the collected data through reflective journal record using Nvivo program. In the results of focus group interview, learning difficulties of chinese foreign students are itemized 4 sections of personal aspect, environmental aspect, educational contents’ aspect and educational methodic aspect. It is subdivided 11 sections and identified of requirement for studying support corresponding each part of difficulties. This research finding will be able to expect to provide a suggestion to looking for options for learning support plan of chinese foreign students.

ADHD 아동의 자아존중감과 공격성에 대한 인지행동 미술치료 사례연구

이은화 ( Eun-hwa Lee ),임지향 ( Ji-hyang Lim ) 한국발달장애학회 2022 발달장애연구 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 ADHD 아동의 자아존중감과 공격성에 대한 인지행동 미술치료가 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 A시에 거주하는 만 8세 초등학교 3학년 남자아동으로 2019년 9월부터 2019년 11월에 걸쳐 주 1회 50분씩 총 20회에 걸쳐 진행하였다. 자아존중감과 공격성 두 가지 영역을 설정하였으며, 프로그램 진행 사전과 사후에 자아존중감과 공격성 척도 검사를 실시하고 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 또한 KHTP와 KSD 검사를 사전과 사후에 실시하고 변화를 비교분석 하였으며, 매회기 진행에 대한 회기별 관찰지를 이용하여 대상자의 자아존중감과 공격성의 행동 및 변화 과정을 질적분석 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ADHD 아동의 자아존중감에 인지행동 미술치료가 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, ADHD 아동의 공격성에 인지행동을 적용한 미술치료가 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, ADHD 아동의 자아존중감과 공격성에 인지행동 미술치료가 미치는 영향을 회기별 관찰지를 통하여 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통하여 ADHD 아동의 자아존중감과 공격성에 인지행동 미술치료의 효과성에 대한 근거를 제시하였으며, 상담 현장에서의 활용가능성 및 경험적 사례 연구 자료를 제공했다는데 의의를 둔다. 하지만 본 연구는 ADHD 아동 1인을 대상으로 한 단일사례로 일반화하기에 한계점이 있고 ADHD 아동에게 인지행동치료기법을 적용하였으나 앞으로는 다양한 심리치료 이론 기법과 미술치료를 통합한 미술치료프로그램 개발을 통해 다양한 심리치료 장면에서 융합형 미술치료 프로그램이 활성화 될 수 있기를 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive-behavioral art therapy on the self-esteem and aggression of children with ADHD. The subject of the study was an 8-year-old elementary school 3rd-grade boy living in A city, and it was conducted once a week for 50 minutes, a total of 20 times from September 2019 to November 2019. Two research areas were set including self-esteem and aggression, which were tested with a scale before and after the program with the results were compared and analyzed. KHTP and KSD tests were also carried out before and after the program to compare and analyze changes. The observation log of each session was put to qualitative analysis to examine the subject's behavior and changing process in self-esteem and aggression. The findings were as follows: first, the self-esteem scale and KHTP test results demonstrate that cognitive-behavioral art therapy had positive effects on the self-esteem of the child with ADHD; secondly, the aggression scale and KSD test results demonstrate that art therapy applying cognitive behavior had positive impacts on the aggression of the child; and finally, the observation log of each session confirms the effects of cognitive-behavioral art therapy on the self-esteem and aggression of the child. These findings provide grounds for the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral art therapy on the self-esteem and aggression of a child with ADHD. The study proposes the possibilities of cognitive-behavioral art therapy being used in the field of counseling and provides experiential case study materials, thus holding its significance. However, this study has limitations in generalizing as a single case for one ADHD child and applied cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to ADHD children, but it suggests that a fusion art therapy program can be activated in various psychotherapy scenes through the development of art therapy programs that integrate various psychotherapy theory techniques and art therapy.

디지털 영상 표현에 있어 특수효과 사례에 관한 연구

이은화(Lee Eun-Hwa),이규옥(Lee Kyu-ok) 한국디자인학회 1999 디자인학연구 Vol.- No.28

대학생 직업기초능력 향상을 위한 교수학습모형 개발 연구

이은화(Eun-Hwa LEE) 한국수산해양교육학회 2012 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.24 No.6

The purpose of this study was to develop the teaching & learning model to increase the key competencies in the university. For this, the researcher suggested the draft of teaching & learning model in the university based on literature analysis and survey for key competencies education to professors and students. After that, the draft of the model was revised through the formative test by experts. And then, the revised model was verified through delphi survey and a final model was fixed. As the result of this study, features of the final model are as follows. First, this study identified that a core values of teaching and learning model for the key competencies education in the university is reinforcement of learner’s thinking skills and enhancement of field oriented on learning contents and reinforcement of professor’s role as a mentor, a facilitator, a motivator, and an informant. Second, The core learning activity’s process of the teaching and learning model for the key competencies education in the university consists of the following in order: team-building, exploring problem, gathering and analysing informations, arranging of leaning outcomes, comprehensive arrangement and self-examination.

체육교육학과 전공교육과정의 스코프 및 시퀀스 분석

이은화(Eun-Hwa LEE),김인형(In-Hyung KIM) 한국수산해양교육학회 2009 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze scope and sequence of undergraduate curricula in the department of physical education. For this purpose, this paper has used the types of undergraduate subjects, which are based on analysis tools on the scope and the sequence of the Department of Education major curriculum by Kim and Lee(2005). The major results of this study were as follows. First, the proportion of major content knowledge is far more pedagogical content knowledge. Second, the scope of Physical Education major curriculum is too much stressed on 'the subjects of major content' and on 'the subjects of specific area' than 'the subjects of major skills' and 'comprehensive problem solving'. Third, the Physical Education major curriculum has shown the specific sequence; introduction/foundation courses and theory courses, application courses orderly. Whileas, application course and synthesis course are slim to none.

논문(論文) : 중국어 정도보어의 한국어 대응형식과 한국인 학습자의 정도보어 습득의 상관관계 연구

이은화 ( Eun Hwa Lee ) 중국어문연구회 2011 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.51

本文硏究的主要目的在於漢語程度補語與韓國語的對應形式是否會影響到韓國學生學習漢語程度補語的習得,而追究其習得規律。通過硏究以韓國語爲母語的學生的漢語程度補語的習得規律,把硏究結果靈活應用在對他們的漢語敎學上,這樣對他們學習漢語程度補語會有所幇助。首先硏究了漢語程度補語和韓國語的對應形式,帶著這種硏究結果,對韓國漢語學習者習得漢語程度補語的情況進行了調査硏究。通過調査,證明四種漢語程度補語的韓國語對應形式對韓國學生學習漢語程度補語有影響,而且,調査也證明了四種漢語程度補語的韓國語對應形式之間也存在著明顯的差異。因此,對於漢語敎學語法點的排序,不應只考慮漢語語法學語法點的排列,還應考慮語法點本身的難易度、漢語和學習者母語之間差異上的難易度。這樣,語法敎學才能有效地進行,而且學習者也便於掌握漢語語法。我們應該重新排序漢語程度補語敎學順序,而且敎材的編寫要按照這樣的排序順序編排,령外,敎學者還要按照學生習得漢語補語的實際規律進行敎學。