금은화(金銀花)와 황금(黃芩)이 배오(配伍)된 처방제(處方劑)의 항염증(抗炎症) 효과(效果) 연구(硏究)

이용숙,장선일,Lee, Yong-Suk,Jang, Seon-Il 대한한의학방제학회 2010 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Inflammatory reaction is characterized by over-production of inflammatory mediators due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways, which produce pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), prostaglantin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and nitric oxide (NO) in U937 cells. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extracts from Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U937 cells. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, and $PGE_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS- stimulated U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. Their combination extract also inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus. These results suggest that the combination of water-extractable components of Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

인터뷰-이젠 1급 시험에 도전해야죠

이용숙,Lee, Yong-Suk 대한제과협회 1994 베이커리 Vol.5 No.-

팔정산(八正散) 전탕액(煎湯液)이 가토(家兎)의 신장기능(腎臟機能)과 혈장(血漿) Aldosterone 농도(濃度)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이용숙,Lee Yong-Suk 대한한의학방제학회 1990 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.1 No.1

기획연재-화과자 이노꼬모찌

이용숙,Lee, Yong-Suk 대한제과협회 1994 베이커리 Vol.1 No.-

金銀花와 黃芩이 配伍된 處方劑의 抗炎症 效果 硏究

이용숙,정명,임규상,윤용갑,Lee, Yong-Suk,Jung, Myung,Lim, Kyu-Sang,Yun, Yong-Gab 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2015 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Objective : This study investigated the inflammatory reaction is characterized by over production of inflammatory mediators due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways.Methods : We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of water extracts fromLonicera japonicaandScutellaria baicalensisin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U937 cells. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\beta}$, and PGE₂) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS- stimulated U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Results : These suggest that the suppression effects were synergistically increased by their combination. Their combination extract also inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus.Conclusions : Our study suggest that the combination of water-extractable components ofL. japonicaandS. baicalensismay be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

일상도시의 관점에서 박원순 시정 평가하기

이용숙 ( Yong-sook Lee ),신영민 ( Young-min Shin ),이민영 ( Min-young Lee ) 고려대학교 정부학연구소 2021 정부학연구 Vol.27 No.3

이 글은 일상도시(ordinary cities)의 관점에서 박원순 시정과 그 주요 정책들을 분석·평가한다. 일상도시론은 서구 중심적 도시 논의를 일반화하고 그 정책들을 타 도시에 모방·이식하려는 행위를 비판하며 도시이론의 인식론적 전환을 주장한다. 일상도시론은 도시의 복잡성, 다양성, 포용성을 강조하면서 평범한 도시인의 삶을 개선시키고 민생을 안정시키는데 주안점을 둔다. 이 연구는 일상도시의 인식론적 전제와 정책적 제안을 소개한 후, 이 시각에서 박원순 시정 하에서 시도되었던 다양한 정책실험들의 의미와 한계를 분석·평가한다. 분석 결과, 박원순 시정은 서울의 고유성을 찾고자 역사도심계획과 생활밀착형 정책들을 추진하였으며, 다양한 참여 거버넌스에 대한 실험을 추진했고, 사회복지 예산 증대를 통해 재분배정책을 강화했으며, 도시화경제를 위한 사회적경제 정책들을 추진하였다. 이러한 계획과 정책들은 일상도시로 나아가는 의미 있는 출발이지만, 관광자원 중심의 역사도심개발, 시민참여 형식화, 취약계층 중심의 복지정책과 낮은 체감, 그리고 지속가능성 문제 등의 한계를 지닌다. 본 연구는 기존 문헌검토, 서울시 및 서울연구원 자료 분석, 관계자 심층면접에 근거했음을 밝힌다. This paper examines Park Won Soon’s administration from the ordinary cities’ viewpoint. The ordinary cities’ perspective provides an epistemological critique of the existing urbanism and urban theories that tend to favor the urbanism of a few western cities and generalize their experiences. The ordinary cities’ view focuses on improving the city dwellers’ life and stabilizing the people’s livelihood. This study introduces an epistemological insight and policy suggestions of the ordinary cities, and analyzes and evaluates Park Won Soon administration’s main policy experiments from the ordinary cities’ viewpoint. While these experiments provide an important basis for improving ordinary cities, they are limited by several challenges including tourism-oriented historic urban renewal, limited and selective welfare policies, formalized civic participation and lack of voluntarism, and questionable sustainability of policy experiments closely linked to citizens’ daily lives. This qualitative research was based on document analysis and in-depths interviews.

교육프로그램 개발을 위한 실행연구 어떻게 할 것인가?

이용숙(Yongsook Lee, Ph.D.) 한국실행연구학회 2023 교육실행연구 Vol.1 No.1

이 글에서는 연구목표가‘교육프로그램 개발과 일반화’인 실행연구(action research)설계에서의 고려사항들을 논의하였다. 우선 새로운 교육프로그램 개발의 과정 중 1차 프로그램 개발(수업디자인)의 단계에서 중요하게 고려해야 할 사항에 대해서 논의하였다. 또한, 교육프로그램 개발/개선을 목표로 하는 실행연구를 할 때 커다란 시너지효과를 얻을 수 있는 액션러닝(action learning)과 연계시킨 실행연구에서의 고려사항들을 구체적인 연구사례와 함께 제시하였다. 다음에는 현장 적용 단계의 연구설계 시 고려할 사항들과 프로그램 개발을 목표로 하는 교육실행 연구에 알맞은 주기/기간, 그리고 하나의 프로그램을 여러 교과목/상황에 적용할 수 있다는 점을 살펴보았다. This paper discusses considerations in the action research design aimed at "developing new educational programs and their generalization." Firstly, it explores important considerations during the initial stage of program development and course design when creating a new educational program. Additionally, the paper examines the connection between action research and action learning, highlighting the potential for a synergistic effect when conducting research to develop or improve educational programs. The following section reviews factors that should be taken into account when designing research for the field application stage. Lastly, the paper discusses the appropriate cycle/duration of action research for educational program development and explores the possibility of applying one program to multiple subjects or circumstances.

교육방법의 문제와 발전과제

이용숙(Yong Sook Lee) 한국교육과정학회 1998 교육과정연구 Vol.16 No.1

Teaching methods at the primary and secondary school levels had been described as too uniform and too didactic until the early 1990`s. Since then, however there have been considerable changes in teaching methods, due to the following three factors: ① changes in college entrance examinations, ② changes in the national curricula toward more individualized approach, and ③ rapid expansion of `open education approach` (individualized interactive learning approach) at the primary level. However, improvement in teaching methods are still insufficient, and considerable new problems have appeared in the process of changes. For example, many teachers individualize most of the classroom activities but completely avoid direct instruction teachings such as lectures and small group activities for every leasson and let students study by themselves without help from the teacher. Suggestions are made in the following three areas: ①hwo to make the teacher-centered whole class activities more effective, ②how to train teachers to use diverse and effective methods to supervise small-group activities, and ③how to help teachers to develop enriched programs.

분류체계·성분분석법 재개발 실행연구 : 수업분석 적용사례를 중심으로

이용숙(Youngsook Lee) 한국열린교육학회 2009 열린교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

Spradley(1979)가 소개한 구조적 질문과 대조질문을 활용하는 분류체계분석방법과 성분 분석 방법은 그 유용성에서도 불구하고 너무 어렵고 복잡하게 느껴지도록 제시되어있기 때문에 많이 활용되지 않는다. 이 연구에서는 12개의 질문방법 중 가장 유용한 5개의 질문방법만 연계해서 질문하면서 분류체계·선분분석 표를 만들어 나가도록 분석법을 재개발하였다. 재개발된 분석법은 수업분서에서 쉽게 적용할 수 있도록 연수용 교재로도 개발되었다. 연수용 교재는 연구방법론 강의와 연구방법 연수회/워크숍에서 사용하면서, 참여관찰과 참가자들의 피드백 분석을 통해서 계속 수정해나가는 실행연구를 거쳐서 수정·보안되었다. 이 글에서는 연수교재 개발 절차를 소개하고, 최종 개발된 연수교재 중 핵심내용을 제시하였으며, 재개발된 분석방법들의 광범위한 활용 가능성에 대해서 논의하였다. Taxonomic analysis using structural questions and componential analysis using contrast questions were introduced by Spradley in Ethnographic Interview(1979). Despite potential usefulness of these research methods, they have not been used much by educational researchers because the research methods presented by the book were regarded too complicated or difficult to be used by most readers. The object of this study is to simplify taxonomic analysis and componential analysis so that only one structural question(substitution frame questions) and four contrast questions(contrast set sorting question, triadic contrast questions, directed contrast questions and rating questions) are necessary. Moreover, all interviews conducted for this study used a set of cards to write an answer for the substitution frame questions on each of the cards. The use of cards help interviewers to conduct interviews more effectively by allowing them to use same cards for different questions without confusion and by making informants feel more comfortable. With this approach, many informants were found to regard the interview as a game. Through and action research, this study also developed a guidebook for researchers and teachers who want to use re-developed research methods. The first guidebook was developed in 2006 and has been refined continuously through several workshops, receiving feedback from participants in various occasions.

대학생의 점심식사 방식과 점심식사에 부여하는 의미

이용숙(Lee, Yongsook),이수현(Lee, Sue Hyun) 서울대학교 비교문화연구소 2016 비교문화연구 Vol.22 No.2

이 연구는 30여 개 대학에서의 참여관찰과 심층면담 및 설문조사 결과를 토대로 대학생들의 학교에서의 점심식사방식과 점심식사에 부여하는 의미에 대해서 살펴보았다. 연구결과 중 일부는 다음과 같다. 대학생들은 학교에서 보통 점심식사를 거르는 경우가 31.5%나 되는데, 가장 큰 이유는 수업 및 다른 이유로 점심 먹을 시간이 없다는 것과 학교에는 먹고 싶은 메뉴가 없다는 것이다. 많은 학생들은 시간과 돈의 절약이 필요해서 ‘때우는’ 점심을 먹고 있었으며, 남학생보다는 여학생이, 그리고 학년이 올라갈수록 ‘때우는’ 점심을 먹는 비율은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 학교에서의 점심식사에 대해 학생들은 삶의 행복/즐거움/오아시스(29.7%), 힘/에너지/삶의 원동력(28.1%), 쉬는 시간/여유(22.7%),소통시간(15.2%) 등의 긍정적인 의미부여를 하는 경우가 가장 많았으나, ‘배를 채우는 것/살기 위해 먹는 것’(12.5%)과 같이 특별한 의미부여를 하지 않거나, ‘스트레스/번거로움’(7.0%) 같이 부정적인 의미를 부여하는 경우도 상당히 많았다. 결론에서는 대학생의 점심식사 문제가 사회적 문제임을 지적하고, 어떤 개선이 필요한지 논의하였다. This research explores the question “what luncheon means to university students?” In this research, undergraduate students in Seoul and Gyeonggi regions were observed through various methods. Participant observation and in-depth interviews with additional surveys were conducted in 30 universities. According to the results, it turned out that only 68.5% of the students normally had proper lunch on campus. The major reasons for not having lunch on campus was that there was not enough time for lunch due to classes and/or other works, and that the menus provided at school did not satisfy the students. Venues most used for lunch were on-campus cafeteria, restaurants near the campus, and convenience stores. Only 70% of male students and 53% of female students answered that their ‘favorite place to eat’ and ‘the place they eat the most’ correspond. This, according to the analysis, was because students choose places to eat based on the distance, price, and whether they can finish their meals quickly rather than their preferences. Most students ascribed positive meanings to such lunch time such as happiness/joy/oasis (29.7%), strength/energy/motivation (22.7%), and recess/break (22.7%). At the same time, however, non-positive or negative perspectives toward lunch on campus were also quite pervasive including ‘survival/satisfying hunger" (12.5%), "stress/burden" (7.0%) or "money" (6.3%).