영남 지역 시첩(詩帖)제작의 한 국면 - 구암(龜巖) 이정(李禎) 가문의 『수서시(壽瑞詩)』를 중심으로 -

이미진 ( Lee Mi-jin ) 우리한문학회 2021 漢文學報 Vol.45 No.-

『壽瑞詩』는 李稵(1372~1495)의 장수를 기념하여 당시 右議政이었던 姜孟卿(1410~1461)이 지어준 祝壽詩및 후대의 次韻詩를 모아둔 詩帖이다. 이 시첩은 李稵의 후손인 龜巖李楨(1512~1571)이 제작을 주도하였는데, 여기에는 강맹경의 元韻이 지어진 作詩현장과 이후 여러 대에 걸쳐 지어진 次韻詩의 수습 과정이 그대로 남아있다는 점에서 눈여겨볼만하다. 『수서시』는 구암 한시를 모아둔 시집이 아니며, 문학적 완성도를 운운하기 위한 작품 선집도 아닌 만큼 이 시기 영남 지역을 중심으로 활동한 지식인들의 한시 授受장면을 엿볼 수 있는 흥미로운 자료라 할 수 있다. 구암 이정이 오랜 기간 영남 지역에서 지방관을 역임했다는 사실과 그 과정에서 차운시를 수습했던 사실에 주목하여 『수서시』의 제작 경위 및 차운시 현황을 살펴본 결과 차운시는, 강맹경 생존 당시, 구암의 지방관 재직 시, 그리고 구암 사후 수습되었다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 구암은 영천군수(경북 영주)에 제수된 이후 경북 선산과 충북 청주를 거쳐 경북 경주와 전남 순천에 이르기까지 영남의 상하를 관통하면서 비교적 大邑의 수령을 지냈는데, 이 가운데 영주, 선산, 청주 지역에서 재직 시 요청하여 받은 차운시가 수록되어 있기 때문이다. 선대의 시문을 후손이 모아 제작했다는 점에서, 그리고 차운시의 대부분이 선조의 장수와 그의 후손들의 효행을 칭송하고 있다는 점에서 『수서시』는 명실상부한 구암 가문의 기록물의 성격을 지니고 있다고 할 수 있다. The 『Suseosi(壽瑞詩)』 is Sicheop(album of poems, 詩帖) collecting Chuksusi(祝壽詩) created by Gang Maenggyeong(姜孟卿, 1410-1461), the contemporary Uuijeong(state councilor), which expresses the longevity of Lee Ja(李稵, 1372-1495) from Sachoen(泗川) Lee’s family and Chaunsi(次韻詩) created by the next generation. This Sicheop, which was primarily created by Guam Leejeong (龜巖李楨, 1512-1571), a descendent of Lee Ja, shows the site in which Gang Maenggyeong’s Wonun(元韻) was created and the process in which Chaunsi which had been created across many generations was learned. The 『Suseosi』 is neither the collection of Guam’s Chinese poems nor an anthology with literary completion, but may be an interesting material with which it is possible to get a glimpse of the scenes in which intellectuals, who engaged in literary activities around Yeongnam province, exchange Chinese characters with each other. An analysis on the creation process of the 『Suseosi』 and the status of Chaunsi by focusing on the fact that Guam Lee Jeong served as a local official in Yeongnam province for a long time and learned Chaunsi in the process, shows that Chaunsi had been learned by his descendents, during the survival of Gang Maenggyeong and the period in which Guam served as an local official, and after the death of Guam. After being appointed as a Yeongcheon(Yeongju, Gyeongbuk) country headman, Guam held the post of a local governor in relatively bigger towns(大邑), by vertically penetrating Yeongnam, from Seonsan, Gyeongbuk and Cheongju, Chungbuk to Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk and Suncheon, Gyeongnam. The Chaunsi he asked to receive when he held office in Gyeongju, Seonsan and Cheongju was contained in the 『Suseosi』. The 『Suseosi』 is the de facto record of Guam's family, in that the descendants created it by collecting the ancestors’ poetic works and most of Chaunsi praise the ancestors’ longevity and his descendants’ filial conduct.

조선조 首尾吟體 창작현황 및 창작방식에 대하여

이미진,Lee,Mi-jin 대동한문학회 2015 大東漢文學 Vol.43 No.-

본고는 <한국문집총간>을 대상으로 조선조 首尾吟體를 창작한 문인 현황을 파악하고 그 구체적인 작법을 확인하는 것을 목표로 한다. 수미음체는 첫 구와 마지막 구를 반복사용하는 것을 기본 원칙으로 하는 詩體의 일종으로 대개 雜體詩의 하나로 인식된다. 宋 邵雍(1011~1077)이 중국 문단에 이를 처음으로 선보인 뒤로 중국에서 뿐만 아니라 조선 문단에서도 적지않 은 문인들이 그의 시에 차운하거나 새로이 모방하였는데, 그 중 대표적인 인물로 尤庵 宋時烈 및 過齋 金正默 등 몇몇의 특정 인물이 거질의 연작시를 창작하였고, 그 외 私淑齋 姜希孟, 息山 李萬敷가 다수의 수미음체를 남 긴 사실을 확인하였다. 수미음체의 작법은 일률적이지 않았는데 기본형을 비롯해 창작양상에 있어 크게 세 가지로 구분할 수 있다. 첫째, 소옹이 그러했듯 첫 구와 마지막 구를 동일하게 처리하는 경우로써 대부분의 작품이이 방식을 준수하였다. 여기에는 소옹의 수미음체에서 구사한 싯구 일부를 그대로 차용하는가하 면, 작가 임의로 새로운 싯구를 중복 처리한 경우가 있다. 둘째, 매편 首聯 첫 구와 尾聯 첫 구에 각각 동일한 싯구를 삽입하는 경우로써 두 편 이상의 작품을 지을 때라야 구사 가능한 방식이 그것이다. 세 번째, 첫 구 첫 단어와 마지막 구 마지막 단어를 동일하게 처리함으로써 首尾一貫의 형식을 약식 으로 처리하였는데, 이 경우 ‘君恩’을 삽입하였다. 수미음체는 처음과 마지막 구의 반복을 통해 시인이 전달하고자 하는 의미를 강조하고 이에 따른 운율을 형성하였으며, 주제 강화 및 시적 정서의 완결성을 기하여 작품의 구조적 완결성을 확보하였다. 이러한 작법은 근･현 대로 이어져 首尾相關, 首尾雙關, 首尾相應이라는 작법의 하나로 계승되어, 예컨대 김소월(1902~1934)의 <엄마야 누나야>･<진달래꽃>･<산유 화>, 유치환(1908~1967)의 <울릉도>, 조지훈(1920~1968)의 <승무>, 신동엽(1930~1969)의 <산에 언덕에> 등의 작품에서 수미상관의 기법이 준용되었다. 이렇듯 宋代 邵雍에 의해 시작된 이래 오랜 세월 문인들의 작시에 종종 활용되었던 수미음체는 조선조에 수용되어 현대에까지 계승되었으 니, 조선조 수미음체 창작과 현대시의 수미상관(수미상응)의 작법의 연관성 을 고려하여 詩作法의 史的 발달과정을 탐구해보는 것은 의미있는 작업이 되리라 생각한다. This study aims to identify the current status of literary writers who had created Su-Mi-Eum-Che in Joseon Dynasty through <Korean Literary Collections> and find their specific writing techniques. Su-Mi-Eum-Che is a kind of poetry whose basic principle is to repeat the first line and the last line and typically recognized as one of the Jap-Che poetries. Since Song So-Ong(1011~1077) introduced this to the Chinese literary world, not a few literary writers borrowed or imitated such a line to their own poetry in Joseon as well as in China. The representative figures are Uam Song Si-Yeol, Gwajae Kim Jung-Muk and some others who created serial poetries and additionally Sasukjae Gang Hee-Maeng and Siksan Lee Man-Bu who left multiple works of Su-Mi-Eum-Che.The writing techniques of Su-Mi-Eum-Che were not uniform and can be classified into three categories including basic form in terms of creative writing aspects. The first category is the case that the first line and the last line were treated in the same way as So-Ong did. Most of the works followed this category. Sometimes, some of the lines described in So-Ong's Su-Mi-Eum-Che were borrowed as they were, but other times, new lines were overlapped on writer's own discretion. Second, this category is the case that the same line was inserted into the first line of the first stanza (1stand 2nd line in a style of Chinese verse) and the last line of the last stanza (7th and 8th line in a style of Chinese verse) for every poem. This is available only if more than two works are created. Third, this category is the case that the first word of the first line and the last word of the last line were treated in the same way: the form of Su-Mi-Il-Gwan(consistent beginning and end). In this case, the word ‘royal benevolence (favor of lord)’ was inserted. Su-Mi-Eum-Che emphasized the meaning that a poet aimed to convey through the repetition of the first and the last line and accordingly formed a rhythm and reinforced subject and raised completion of poetic feeling to obtain structural completion of works. This writing technique was succeeded to one of these writing techniques: Su-Mi-Sang-Gwan, Su-Mi-Ssang-Gwan, and Su-Mi-Sang-Eung in modern times. For example, Su-Mi-Sang-Gwan techniques were applied into Kim So-Wol(1902~1934)'s <HEY MOM HEY SIS>･<Azalea>･<Wild Flowers>, Yu Chi-Hwan (1908~1967)'s <Ulleungdo>, Jo Ji-Hun(1920~1968)'s <Dance in Buddhist Attire>, and Shin Dong-Yeop(1930~1969)'s <In the Mountaisn and Hills>. Like this, the Su-Mi-Eum-Che that had often been used in literary writers' poems for long years since its beginning by So-Ong in Song period was accepted in Joseon period and succeeded to this modern times. Therefore, it seems to become a significant work to explore the historical development process of poetics by taking into account of the association between the creation of Su-Mi-Eum-Che in Joseon period and the writing technique of Su-Mi-Sang-Gwan(Su-Mi-Sang-Eung) in modern poems.

조선시대, 딸에서 며느리로 살아가기

이미진(Lee, Mi-jin) 대동한문학회 2017 大東漢文學 Vol.53 No.-

본고는 조선후기 知守齋 兪拓基(1691~1767)가 자신의 여러 딸과 며느리에게 남긴 祭文과 墓誌文을 대상으로, 한 집안의 가장이 지닌 여성 인식과 그 기록 속에 침투되어 있는 조선 사회의 이면을 읽어내는 것을 연구 목표로 한다. 유척기는 당대 영의정에 오를 정도로 사회적 명망이 높았던 관료문인이었지만, 슬하 4남 5녀중 아들 둘과 다섯 명의 딸을 잃고 세 명의 며 느리까지 잃었을 정도로 비통한 가정사를 지닌 가장이기도 했다. 유척기가 작성한 딸과 며느리에 대한 제문･묘지문을 살펴보면, 딸이기 보다 시댁에서의 며느리로서의 삶을 중심으로 서술되어 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이는 당시 여성들이 딸이기 보다 며느리로서의 역할에 치중하였고 당시 사회가 여성들에게 이를 요구하고 기대했던 데에서 비롯된다. 특히 맏며느리 이씨 부 인의 경우, 유씨 집안 내 역할과 비중은 누구보다 막중했고 그중에서도 남아 출산의 임무는 시댁에서의 존재의 이유와 직접적으로 연동되어 있었는데, 이는 당시 며느리들이 남아를 출산할 때라야 실질적인 며느리로서 행세할 수 있었음을 의미한다. 유척기의 맏며느리 이씨 부인은 결국 남아를 출산하지 못한 상태에서 남편을 잃자 이듬해 따라 죽었고, 시아버지 유척기는 그녀의 죽음을 ‘烈婦’로 기록하였다. 이씨 부인은 남아를 출산하지 못한 상태에서 남편을 잃은 경우 從死하는 것이 진정한 효이자 烈의 실천이라 믿었던 것이다. 이렇듯 며느리의 남아 출산 임무는 조선 후기 사회가 요구했던 부인상 중 하나로써, 이 시 기는 혈연 중심의 가문의식이 고조된 당대에 그 집안의 맥을 잇고 가문 내 결집력을 공고화하기 위해 후사를 두는 것이 무엇보다 중요한 시대였기 때문이다. 그리하여 이 시기 상층부 여성들은 살아있는 아이의 엄마이기 보다 죽은 남편을 따라 죽는 것이 시댁의 家格을 제고하고 본인 사후에 누릴 수 있는 최고의 현달이라 판단하여 자살을 감행하였는데, 이는 당시 유교 지배 올로기 자장 안에서 남성 사대부 못지 않게 여성에게도 열의 윤리가 내면화되어 있었기에 가능한 행위라고 할 수 있다. 이에 본고에서는 조선후기 상층부 관료였던 유척기 집안의 딸과 며느리의 사례를 중심으로 당시 烈婦의 존재와 그 속에 담겨진 사회 분위기를 읽어내는 한편, 父系 중심의 조선후기 사회는 혼인을 기점으로 딸에서 며느리로의 변화를 요구하였고, 이에 여 성들은 딸이기보다 며느리로서의 정체성을 찾아가고 있던 시기였음을 확인하였다. This study aims to offer an insight on the awareness that the head of a household had toward women and the reverse side of Joseon Dynasty, based on funeral orations and epitaphs that Jisujae Yu Chukgi(1691~1767), in late Joseon Dynasty, had left to his daughters and daughters-in-law. Yu Chukgi was a then-prestigious government official and writer and became even a prime minister, but also a head of household with a grief-stricken family history who lost his two sons and five daughters, among three sons and five daughters, and three daughters-in-law. In the records about his daughters and daughters-in-law written by Yu Chukgi, he described largely about the life as a daughter-in-law rather than as a daughter. This is attributed to the fact that then-women largely played a role as a daughterin-law rather than as a daughter and then-society required women to do so. Yu Chukgi’s eldest daughter-in-law Ms. Lee’s role within the family was heavier than anyone else and among which, her duty to give birth to a son was directly related to her position within her husband’s home, which suggests that then-daughter-in-law could be a real daughter-in-law only if she gave birth to a son. Yu Chukgi’s eldest daughter-in-law Ms. Lee lost her husband without giving birth to a son and died following his husband next year, and her father in law Yu Chukgi called her death as a ‘virtuous woman’ in his records. Ms. Lee believed that if she lost her husband without giving birth to a son, she had to follow her husband and this was a real filial duty. Daughter-in-law’s duty to give birth to a son was one of the duties that then-Joseon Dynasty society required women to fulfill. Having a son to unify people within the family was more important than anything else in those days when blood-tied family was thought important. For this reason, women in upper classes died following their husbands who died, rather than becoming a mother of a child alive. They committed a suicide, thinking that it was the best act to enhance the value of their husband’s home, even after their death. This is attributable to the fact that then-women had internalized ethics as a virtuous woman as much as then-men as a nobleman (scholar-official) in the dominant ideology of Confucianism. Accordingly, this study aimed to understand the existence of virtuous women and the social atmosphere behind centering on the case of daughters and daughtersin- law of Yu Chukgi who became the prime minister in the late Joseon Dynasty and on the other hand, found that the late Joseon Dynasty that was centered on a paternal family required daughters, from their marriage on, to play a role as a daughter-in-law and accordingly women had to find their identity as a daughter-in-law rather than as a daughter.

일 상급종합병원 장기재원환자의 특성과 전원 결정 여부에 영향을 미치는 요인

이미진,Lee, MiJin 한국가정간호학회 2024 가정간호학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between demographic characteristics, hospitalization-related characteristics, and the severity of long-term hospitalization in a high-level general hospital, and to analyze the factors influencing decisions of all patients. Methods: General and clinical characteristics of the participants were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Differences in these characteristics, contingent upon whether a power source was requested, were analyzed using independent t-Test and Chi-squared tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to the presence or absence of power requests. Results: The factors impacting the decision to refer a dependent variable include medical treatment (neurosurgery) (B=2.118, SE=0.960, p-value=.027, OR=8.314, 95% CI=1.267-54.551), infection isolation (CRE) (B=1.336, SE=0.666, p-value=.045, OR=3.804, 95% CI=1.032-14.021), and the utilization of tertiary antibiotics (B=3.076, SE=1.362, p-value= .024, OR=21.663, 95% CI=1.502-312.530). Conclusion: This study found a significant association between medical treatment (neurosurgery), infection isolation (CRE), and the use of tertiary antibiotics as dependent variables. These findings indicate that continuous monitoring can contribute to a reduction in long-term financial burdens.

급성 댑손 중독 환자에서 메틸렌블루 치료중 유발된 메트헤모글로빈혈증과 중증 용혈성 빈혈 1례

이미진,박규남,Lee, Mi-Jin,Park, Kyu-Nam 대한임상독성학회 2006 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Methylene blue is a basic thiazine dye frequently used for histologic staining. In clinical toxicology settings, it is also used to treat clinically significant methemoglobinemia. It has dose-dependent oxidation or reduction properties, acting as a reducing agent at lower doses and as an oxidizing agent at higher doses. Hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia are known toxic effects of methylene blue treatment that have been reported clinically. A 42-year-old woman developed significant methemoglobinemia after acute dapsone overdose; she was treated appropriately with intravenous methylene blue in the therapeutic range. The patient's methemoglobin levels returned to normal. However, 2-4 days later she was noted to have rebound methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. A repeat of Coomb's test and other anemia workups were negative. For management of methylene blue-induced hemolytic anemia, she was administered steroid therapy, N-acetylcysteine, and a blood transfusion. She ultimately recovered, and there were no long-term sequelae from the methylene blue poisoning.

Epidemiologic investigation of gastrointestinal pathogens for Korean cats with digestive sign

이미진,Fujin An,Gijong Lee,Jin-ho Park 한국동물위생학회 2022 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.45 No.2

This study was performed to investigate infectious gastrointestinal diseases in 115 Korean cats (83 indoors and 32 outdoors) with digestive signs such as diarrhea, anorexia or abdominal distention. Detection of infectious pathogens was analyzed using real-time PCR. As a result, 85 of 115 Korean cats were detected with feline corona virus (FCoV), feline parvo virus, Group A rotavirus, Clos-tridium perfringens (C. perfringens ), Campylobacter coli (C. coli ), Campylobacter jejuni , enterotoxi-genic Escherichia coli , enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., Tritrichomonas foetus , Cyclospora cayetanensis , and Giardia lamblia . The most frequently detected pathogen was C. per-fringens (52 cats, 61.2%), followed by FCoV (43 cats, 50.6%) and C. coli (16 cats, 18.8%). Also, single infection was the most common (43 cats), followed by double infection in 31 cats, triple infection in 7 cats, and quadruple infection in 4 cats. There was no significant relationship between pathogen de-tection and age, gender, living environment, weather, and diarrhea. However, there was a significant difference between the age group under 1 year and the age group 1∼7 (P value<0.05). In this study, cats with suspected gastrointestinal infection were randomly evaluated, and other factors that could affect pathogen detection were insufficiently considered. For this reason, additional epidemiological investigations with a larger number of cats and sufficient consideration of the causes that may affect the results are needed. Nevertheless, it is thought that this study can also provide valuable informa-tion on gastrointestinal pathogens in Korean cats.

급성 유기인계 농약 중독

이미진,박준석,홍태용,박성수,유연호,Lee, Mi-Jin,Park, Joon-Seok,Hong, Tai-Yong,Park, Sung-Soo,You, Yeon-Ho 대한임상독성학회 2008 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are the most common source of human toxicity globally, causing high mortality and morbidity despite the availability of atropine as a specific antidote and oximes to reactivate acetylcholinesterase. The primary toxicity mechanism is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), resulting in accumulation of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and abnormal stimulation of acetylcholine receptors. Thus, the symptoms (muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system) result from cholinergic overactivity because of AchE inhibition. OP can also cause rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, parotitis, and hepatitis. OP therapy includes decontamination, supportive therapy, and the use of specific antidotes such as atropine and oximes. However, there has been a paucity of controlled trials in humans. Here we evaluated the literature for advances in therapeutic strategies for acute OP poisoning over the last 10 years.

비행장애물 회피를 위한 라이다 기반 송전선 고속탐지 및 적용가능성 분석

이미진,이임평,Lee, Mijin,Lee, Impyeong 한국공간정보학회 2014 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.22 No.1

송전선은 항공사고를 야기하는 대표적인 장애물로써 인지되며, 비행 중 충돌회피를 위해 송전선의 실시간 탐지는 아주 중요하다. 최근 들어 이러한 비행장애물 회피를 위해 기상조건에 영향을 덜 받으며 주야에 관계없이 데이터 획득이 가능한 라이다의 활용이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 라이다 데이터를 이용하여 비행장애물 회피를 위해 송전선을 고속으로 탐지하는 방법을 개발하였다. 제안된 방법은 먼저 지표면에서 반사된 점을 필터링 과정을 통해 제거하여 비지면점을 추출하고, 이중에서 분산 행렬의 고유값 비율을 이용하여 선형적으로 분포하는 점들을 추출하고, 마지막으로 송전탑(기둥)이나 굴뚝같이 수직방향으로 선형적으로 분포하는 점들이나 길이가 작은 선형점들을 제거한다. 구현된 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하기 위해 송전선이 포함된 영역에서 취득된 실측 및 시뮬레이션 데이터에 적용하였다. 탐지성능은 약 80%정도로 분석되었고, 처리시간은 평균 0.2초가 소요되었다. 향후 제시된 방법을 다양한 시험환경에 대해 실험을 수행하여 개선한다면, 비행장애물 회피용 시스템에 효과적으로 활용될 것을 판단된다. Power lines are one of the main obstacles causing an aircraft crash and thus their realtime detection is significantly important during flight. To avoid such flight obstacles, the use of LIDAR has been recently increasing thanks to its advantages that it is less sensitive to weather conditions and can operate in day and night. In this study, we suggest a fast method to detect power lines from LIDAR data for flight obstacle avoidance. The proposed method first extracts non-ground points by eliminating the points reflected from ground surfaces using a filtering process. Second, we calculate the eigenvalues for the covariance matrix from the coordinates of the generated non-ground points and obtain the ratio of eigenvalues. Based on the ratio of eigenvalues, we can classify the points on a linear structure. Finally, among them, we select the points forming horizontally long straight as power-line points. To verify the algorithm, we used both real and simulated data as the input data. From the experimental results, it is shown that the average detection rate and time are 80% and 0.2 second, respectively. If we would improve the method based on the experiment results from the various flight scenario, it will be effectively utilized for a flight obstacle avoidance system.

Hormonal Changes of Serum Progesterone and Estradiol-17β on Flushing Feed before Estrus during Estrous Cycle in Sows of Landrace, Yorkshire and F1 (Landrace × Yorkshire)

이미진,최선호,Soo-Jin Sa,Kyoung-Mi Lee,So-Young Lee,Kyu Ho Cho,Jun-Ki Hong,Du-Wan Kim,Ki-Hyun Kim,Jun Cheol Park 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2013 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.28 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of hormone levels of serum progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2) in sows of Landrace (L), Yorkshire (Y) and F1 (L × Y) (respectively n=3) with excellent ability, and to providea baseline data for improving reproductive performance. In this experiment, the sows at the age of 12 months or morewere used. The sows were fed by two way methods, one is conventional methods and the other is 3 days-flushingfeed before estrus. Each pig’s blood was collected in 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after the estrus for the analysesof P4 and E2. Serum was separated by centrifugation for 15 min. with 3,000 rpm. Progesterone and estradiol-17βwere measured by immunochemical assay (ELIZA test). In conventional feeding, serum progesterone levels weresignificantly (p<0.01) higher in F1 than in L and Y. No significant differences in P4 concentrations were seen betweenthe L and Y of sows. Serum E2 levels were similar the serum progesterone levels. In the case of flushing feed, thetendency of hormonal changes were similar to conventional methods. But almost of hormonal levels were a littlehigher than that of conventional methods. P4 level of L and Y in flushing feed were significantly different (p<0.01). Serum E2 level of Y in flushing feed was significantly different among the breeds (p<0.01). These results were similarto the tendency of hormonal changes in general sows and moreover, flushing feed is known to develop the swineproduction, these results proved the fact of the methods. And these results suggested that more studies about hormonalchanges in sows according to seasonal and nutritional factors should be needed.

Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure Following an Intentional Overdose of Stacker 3 (A Caffeine-Containing Weight-Reduction Supplement)

이미진,Lee, Mi-Jin Korean society of Clincal Toxicology 2010 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.8 No.1

"Stacker 3" is one of the most popular caffeine-containing weight-reduction supplements and it has ephedra-free properties as "Stacker 2 Ephedra-Free" in many countries, including Korea. We describe here a 26-year-old woman who took an acute intentional overdose of "Stacker 3"(approximately 50 capsules, total amount: 25 grams, as caffeine 250 mg/kg) and who had delirium, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. She had to be treated by forced diuresis and urine alkalinization, and she subsequently recovered. This is the first such case report in the medical literature.