소아 급성 세균성 신엽염의 임상상 및 신장 예후

이동기,권덕근,임윤주,신윤혜,윤석남,배기수,Lee Dong-Ki,Kwon Duck-Geun,Lim Yun-Ju,Shin Yun-Hye,Yun Suk-Nam,Pai Ki-Soo 대한소아신장학회 2004 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.8 No.2

목적: 소아에서 드문 질병인 급성 세균성 신엽염의 질병 성격을 살피기 위하여, 9명의 환아를 대상으로 발현 증상, 임상 경과, 치료 반응, 동반 요로 기형, 신장 손상 정도 등을 조사하였다. 방법: 1994년 9월부터 2004년 8월까지 복부 초음파 또는 복부 컴퓨터 단층 촬영을 통하여 신엽염으로 확진된 9명의 환아를 대상으로 진료 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 대상 환자들의 연령분포는 1개월에서 6세까지 평균 $2.8{\pm}2.2$세였으며, 성별로는 남자 6명 여자 3명이었다. 발열 및 오한은 모든 환자에서 있었고, 그 외 복통, 배뇨곤란 및 빈뇨가 있었다. 내원 당시 시행한 검사실 검사상, 백혈구수 $21,000{\pm}5,600/uL$, ESR $60{\pm}23mm/hr$, CRP $17{\pm}10\;mg/dl$이었으며. 혈액 배양 검사는 모두 음성이었다. 소변 검사상, 농뇨 및 현미경적 혈뇨는 모든 환자에게 있었고, 치료후 농뇨가 소실되기까지 $10.5{\pm}7.8$일이 소요되었다. 복부 초음파 검사상, 신장에 국소적으로 경계가 불명확하면서 에코가 떨어져 있는 신엽염 소견이 5명(55.5%)에서 관찰되었다. 복부 컴퓨터 단층 촬영에서는 불명확한 경계를 띠고 조영제에 증강이 잘 되지 않는 쐐기 모양의 신엽염의 소견이 모든 환자에서 관찰되었다. 방광요관역류는 3명(33.3%)에서 있었으며, 모두 3단계 이상이었다. $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 스캔에서는 일측 또는 양측 신장의 피질 손상이 확인되었다. 4개월 후 추적한 스캔상, 6명중 2명(33%)은 이전에 비해 병변의 크기가 감소되었으나, 나머지 4명(67%)은 병변의 크기가 불변 또는 약간 악화된 소견이었다 환아의 총 발열기간은 $11.8{\pm}6.3$일로, 이중 입원전 기간은 $4.0{\pm}3.0$일, 입원후 기간은 $7.8{\pm}5.5$일이었다. 입원 기간은 7일에서 31일까지 평균 $17.2{\pm}8.1$일이었다. 결론: 요로감염 환아에서 치료 후에도 1주이상 발열, 농뇨, 높은 혈액 염증 수치가 지속될 경우 '급성 세균성 신엽염'을 적극 의심하여야 하며, 질환의 정확한 진단을 위하여 신장 초음파검사 보다는 컴퓨터 단층 촬영을 우선 실시할 것을 제안하는 바이다. Purpose: This study was perfonned to elucidate the clinical pictures of acute focal bacterial nephritis(nephronia) in children. Methods: We reviewed 9 children with nephronia diagnosed by ultrasonography or computed tomography of kidneys from September 1994 to August 2004. Results: The overall male to female ratio was 2:1, and the age distribution ranged from 0.1 to 6 years(mean $2.8{\pm}2.2$). The cardinal symptoms were fever, chills, abdominal pain and dysuria/frequency. The initial leukocyte count was $21,000{\pm}5,600/uL$, ESR $60{\pm}23mm/hr$, CRP $17{\pm}10\;mg/dl$. Pyuria was noted in every patient and persisted for $10.5{\pm}7.8$ days after antimicrobial treatment. Abdominal sonography demonstrated focal lesion of ill-defined margin and low echogenicity in 5 of 9 patients(55.6%), while computed tomography revealed nonenhancing low density area in all patients(100%). Three of 9 patients(33.3%) had vesicoureteral reflux, greater than grade III. The initial $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ scan showed one or multiple cortical defects in every patient, and improvements were noted in 2(33.3%) of 6 patients who received follow up scan after 4 months. Intravenous antibiotics was given in every patient under admission. Total febrile period was $11.8{\pm}6.3$ days(pre-admission, $4.0{\pm}3.0;$ post-admission, $7.8{\pm}5.5$ days) and the patients needed hospitalization for $17.2{\pm}8.1$ days. Conclusion: For the early diagnosis of 'acute focal bacterial nephritis' we should perform renal computed tomography first rather than ultrasonography, when the child has toxic symptoms and severe inflammatory responses in blood and urine.

형제선별검사로 유아기에 조기 진단된 심한 방광요관역류 1례

이동기,신윤혜,유재은,배기수,Lee Dong-Ki,Shin Yun-Hye,Yu Jey-Un,Pai Ki-Soo 대한소아신장학회 2004 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.8 No.2

저자들은 역류성 신질환 남아의 생후 6개월된 남동생을 대상으로 시행한 조기 형제선별검사에서 신손상을 보이지 않는 5단계의 좌측 방광요관역류를 발견할 수 있었다. 이후 요로감염의 발생을 방지하고자 하였으며, 이를 통하여 신손상발생의 위험을 줄일 수 있었기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 또한 역류성 신질환 환아의 형제자매에서 방광요관역류 여부에 대한 형제선별검사를 적극적으로 시행할 것을 제안하는 바이다. We report a case of severe(gradeV) unilateral vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) without any renal damage in a 6-month-old boy through the early sil)ling screening test for VUR, whose old brother had reflux nephropathy. The early detection of VUR aroused us to take special precautions to prevent urinary tract infection in this patient. We believe that this approach was helpful to reduce the risk of renal damage in this patient and are reporting the case with a brief review of related literatures. It is our firm suggestion that screening for vesicoureteral reflux should be carried out in every child who has siblings with refluf nephrouathy.

벤처기업의 R&D 투자와 성과에 관한 실증연구

이동기,이철규,김정환,Lee, Dong-Ki,Lee, Cheol-Kyu,Kim, Jung-Hwan 한국벤처창업학회 2008 벤처창업연구 Vol.3 No.1

In this research, an empirical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between management performance and Empirical Research on the R&D investment for domestic venture businesses in each industry. Specifically, an empirical analysis for each industry was attempted not only to clarify the general hypothesis on the relationship between management performance and R&D investment for venture businesses but also to demonstrate that differences exist for each industry. Empirical analysis was conducted for eight industries with respect to the $2002{\sim}2006$ panel data extracted as investigative results from the "Investigation Report on Science and Technology R&D Activities" published by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Industrial classification was limited to the middle-level classification (2-digit) in the Korea Standard Industry Code (KSIC) owing to the limited number of panels. Although this research only verified the overall positive effect of R&D activities and funds for existing research on corporate value or productivity and management performance, it was able to document the difference for each individual industry and each business size unlike existing research. Furthermore, the reliability of the research results was enhanced by targeting companies that have been continuously conducting R&D and management activities using consistent 5-year panel data in the analysis. Again, this was something that existing research did not have. Finally, through the use of recent data from 2002 after the IMF economic crisis up to 2006 in the empirical analysis, this research proposed the problems due to the prevailing circumstances at the time of entering the advanced nation stage based on an empirical analysis; the prevailing problems during the pursuit of advanced nation status before the IMF crisis broke out were not tackled. The key empirical analysis yielded several results. First, capital and size of the labor force have a positive correlation with the management performance for the entire company or the venture business. This applies to all eight industries as the subjects of the analysis. Second, although the number of years since a company has been established can have positive or negative correlation with management performance for the entire company or venture business in specific industries, a definite overall trend cannot be identified. Third, R&D investment can be said to have an overall positive effect on corporate management performance. Fourth, the size of the research staff cannot be said to be a factor unilaterally affecting the management performance of the entire company or the venture business. Fifth, the number of years a research institute has been in operation, which was assumed to have a positive effect on the management performance of a company because of the accumulated R&D know-how -- definitely acts as a positive factor contributing to the management performance of a company.

현대주거의 기하조작에 의한 보이드 공간의 생성과 친환경적 특성에 관한 연구

이동기,Lee, Dong-Ki 한국주거학회 2010 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.6

This study is aimed to grasp the spatial characteristics exhibited in the modern housing architecture from the aspect of a geometrical manipulation, which transforms basic geometrical shapes and persue the formative diversity, to identify and verify the various characteristics of spatial structure in modern housing architecture. In this regard, this paper analyze and identify the influences of the void spaces that are created by geometrical manipulations on housing architecture, in terms of morphological and environmental aspects. Theoretical approaches define the concept of geometrical manipulation according to the characteristics of residence and examine the spatial features of void spaces. Additionally, case studies result in the classification of void spaces that are created by geometrical manipulation. Furthermore, to understand environment-friendly characteristics of the void space, the researcher elicited the factors that can affect environment friendly housing from previous studies, and analyzed their correlation between those factors and the void spaces that are classified.

등속성 검사를 통한 견관절 전방 불안정 환자와 정상인의 회전력 비교

이동기(Dong-Ki Lee),김태권(Tae-Kwon Kim),이진혁(Jin-Hyuck Lee),이대희(Dae-Hee Lee),정웅교(Woong-Kyo Jung) 대한견주관절의학회 2012 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 견관절 전방불안정 환자는 탈구에 대한 불안감 및 탈구시의 통증 등 다양한 원인으로 정상적인 운동 및 활동을 하지 못할 것으로 예상할 수 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 견관절 전방불안정 환자와 정상인 사이의 내회전 및 외회전력에 대해 등속성 근력 검사를 시행하여 전방불안정 환자에서 나타나는 회전력의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2009년 3월부터 2010년 2월까지 우측 우세수의 견관절 전방 불안정 진단 하에 수술적 치료를 시행한 환자 중 수술 전 등속성 근력 검사를 시행한 환자 13명을 대상으로 하였고, 견관절의 전방불안정 증상이 없는 정상 성인 15명을 대조군으로 설정하였다. 대상군 및 대조군 모두 남성이었으며 두 군간의 평균 연령, 신장, 체중, 체질량 등의 차이는 없었다. 등속성 근력검사는 Biodex system (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA)을 사용하여 60 deg/sec, 180 deg/sec 의 각속도로 견관절의 외회전력 및 내회전력의 체중보정 최대우력 (peak torque)과 총 일량을 측정하였고, 외회전, 내회전 최대우력비율 및 운동피로도를 계산하였다. 두 군간에 각 측정치를 비교하여 전방 불안정 환자의 회전력의 특징을 분석하였다. 결과: 불안정증이 없는 좌측 견관절의 등속성 회전근력은 양군 사이에 모든 측정치에서 차이가 없었다. 우측 견관절의 등속성 근력 검사결과 내회전력은 전방 불안정환자와 정상 대조군 간 모든 각속도에서 최대우력 및 총 일량 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 외회전력의 체중보정 최대우력과 총 일량은 전방불안정 환자에서 60 deg/sec 및 180 deg/sec 두 각속도에서 모두 정상 대조군에 비하여 감소되었고, 외회전력/내회전력의 최대우력비율 역시 통계적 차이가 있었다. 운동피로도는 외회전력, 내회전력 모두 양 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 결론: 견관절 전방불안정 환자는 견관절의 외회전력이 감소되어 있고 내회전-외회전력의 균형이 소실되어 있으나 근피로도는 정상으로 판단되며 이는 견관절 탈구 환자의 보존적 치료나 재활에 있어 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: It has been expected that patient with posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation might have limited daily life activity because of pain and apprehension of dislocation. But there have been only a small number of investigations regarding the rotator strength in this patient. The aim of this study is to find the characteristics about rotator strength of patient with posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation using an isokinetic testing. Method: We enrolled thirteen patients with posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation and fifteen sex, age-matched healthy nonathletic subjects in this controlled study. All participants were male and there were no significant differences between the two groups in age, height, weight, BMI. Isokinetic internal rotator and external rotator strength was evaluated with a Biodex Isokinetic Testing machine (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA), tests were performed at 60 deg/sec and 180 deg/sec for both sides. Peak torque normalized to body weight, external rotator to internal rotator ratio, total work and fatigue were calculated for each angular velocity. The association between internal rotator and external rotator strength and shoulder instability was analyzed by comparisons with a control group. Results: Any notable differences could not be found between the two groups given all data from no symptomatic left shoulder. There were no significant differences between the two groups statistically in internal rotation strength of right shoulder. However, there has been a tendency that at all angular velocities, external rotator peak torque to body weight, total work and external rotator to internal rotator ratio were significantly lower in the anterior instability group than the control group at all angular velocities. There was no substantial difference between those groups with respect to the fatigue of external rotator and internal rotator in our study. Conclusion: The prominent characteristics of posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation are external rotator weakness and loss of balance with external rotator and internal rotator. Therefore selective training using this information rotator might be helpful in conservative treatment and rehabilitation.

흰쥐 이자에서 Secretin-CCK 상승작용 기전에 관한 연구

이동기(Dong Ki Lee),김준명(Jun Myeong Kim),권상옥(Sang Ok Kwon),박경선(Kyung Sun Park),정재복(Jae Bock Chung),강진경(Jin Kyung Kang),김경환(Kyung Hwan Kim) 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.29 No.3

N/A Background/Aims: The rnechanism of secretin and CCK potentiation effect was evaluated in the dispersed pancreatic acini of rat. Methods: To observe the presence of potentiating effect of secretin and insulin on CCK, the amount of amylase release according to secretagogues were measured. The mechanism of the potentiating effect of secretagogues were studied by measuring the change of the intracellular amount of cAMP and IP, and concentration of intracellular Ca. Results: In the dispersed pancreatic acini, secretin potentiates the amylase release stimulated by JO and 10'M CCK-8. Insulin slightly increased the secretory response to secretin plus CCK-8, but with no statistical significance. Secretin or forskolin did not increase the intracellular Ipy accumulation stimulated by CCK-8. Alo insulin had no influence on the intraeellular IP accumulation stimulated by CCK-8 plus secretin. CCK-8 and A23187 significantly decreased the intracellular cAMP accumulation stimulated by secretin. But the insulin did not influence the intracellular cAMP accumulation stimulated by secretin plus CCK-8. Secretin alone did not increase the intracellular concentration of Ca . Secretin and dibutyryl cAMP significantly increa- sed the intracellular concentration of Ca stimulated by CCK-8. Conclusions: These results verify the presence of the potentiating effect of secretin but not insulin on CCK. Also the poten- tiating effect of amylase secretion by the simultaneous activation of the secretin and CCK was shown to be associated with increased intracellular Ca concentration, without a further elevation of intracellular IP or cAMP accumulation. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;29:380 - 393)

췌장염 만성췌장염의 자연 경과와 내과 치료

이동기 ( Dong Ki Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2005 대한소화기학회지 Vol.46 No.5

드레스덴, 한반도 통일 역사의 에피소드?

이동기(Lee, Dong-Ki) 역사비평사 2014 역사비평 Vol.- No.107

“독일, 통일된 조국” : 1989년 동독의 민주주의혁명과 통일문제의 관계

이동기(Lee, Dong-Ki) 한국독일사학회 2020 독일연구 Vol.- No.44

여타 동유럽 국가의 1989년 혁명과는 달리 동독의 민주혁명은 주민의 대량탈출에 의해 촉발되었다. 대량탈출과 체제비판운동은 상호작용하면서 동독 체제붕괴의 민주혁명을 추동했지만 동시에 서로 다른 이질적인 지향으로서 대립하기도 했다. 1989년 10월과 11월 신포럼을 비롯한 체제비판 단체들이 거리 시위와 단체와 정당의 조직화 활동을 주도했을 때에는 통일문제 보다 체제 개혁과 갱신이 정치 관심의 중심 주제였다. 하지만 11월과 12월 체제비판운동이 ‘제3의 길’을 내세워 서독과의 통일을 유보 내지 우회하려고 나서자 동독 주민들 다수와 체제비판운동의 일부는 더 이상 동독 국가의 존속에 미련을 두지 않았다. 그들에게는 서독과의 통일이 체제 개혁의 완성을 뜻했다. 동독 주민 다수가 서독의 정치지도부의 통일공세에 조응하며 서독의 물질적 풍요와 새로운 삶의 더 많은 기회 획득으로 관심을 돌리면서 체제비판운동은 정치의 주변부로 내몰렸다. 동독 체제비판운동이 지닌 탈중심성과 기층민주주의적 성격은 결정적인 국면에서 더 이상 동독의 미래 전망으로 존중받지 못했다. 민주혁명은 독일통일로 발전했지만 그것의 중심 주체는 더 이상 애초 민주혁명의 주역들이 아니었다. 혁명 과정에서 급속한 통일로 방향 전환을 주도한 것은 민주혁명에서 정치화된 평범한 동독 주민들이었다. 민주혁명은 통일로 방향을 전환하면서 애초 민주혁명의 주역들이 내세운 ‘제3의 길’은 역사 속에서 사라졌다. 동독 민주혁명은 초기부터 서독의 유인에 맞섰기에 독자 국가 존속 지향이 뚜렷했지만 그것은 역설적으로 서독과의 결합을 개혁의 완성으로 보는 흐름을 강화하기도 했다. Unlike the 1989 revolution in other Eastern European countries, the democratic revolution in East Germany was triggered by the mass exodus of the population. The mass exodus and the opposition movement against the communist regime interacted with each other to promote the democratic revolution for the collapse of the East German regime, but at the same time, they confronted each other through their different and heterogeneous orientations. In October and November 1989, when a few of opposition organizations led protest movement for the revolution, a system reform and the democratic socialism were at the center of demands and arguments rather than an unification issue. However, in early December, when the democratic movement organizations tried to bypass unification with West Germany by advocating a third way , the majority of East German citizens and part of the activist of the movement didn’t support longer for the existence of the East German state. It sought to complete reforms of the system through the German reunification. The majority in the opposition movement was pushed to the periphery of politics as many East German citizens responded to the offensive of unification policy by the West German political leaders. They turned their attention to the material abundance of West Germany and the acquisition of more opportunities for a new life in the united Germany.

Data-Driven NVH 시스템 엔지니어링 자동화

이동기(Dong-Ki Lee),김용대(Yong-Dae Kim) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11

An automated NVH performance prediction program using vehicle system analysis data was developed. The basic structure of the template-based system performance database for each vehicle type has been completed. By analyzing the various system performance of the vehicle FE model, the results were automatically generated, and the working time was dramatically reduced through automation linked with FEGate. In conjunction with FEGate, the FBS analysis and analysis process was fully automated. It performs the same analysis work in less than 10% of the time compared to Nastran FBA. A function for performance target guide of the vehicle system was developed along with statistical analysis function and design variable sensitivity analysis function. The deep learning prediction function of vehicle system performance is implemented, so it is possible to create an AI learning model using the learning data obtained through FBS analysis for various system variations and predict vehicle performance using this.