수열합성을 이용하여 제작한 Fe₃O₄ 결정입자의 자기적 특성

이기범,남충희,Lee, Ki-Bum,Nam, Chunghee 한국분말야금학회 2019 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.26 No.6

Iron oxides currently attract considerable attention due to their potential applications in the fields of lithiumion batteries, bio-medical sensors, and hyperthermia therapy materials. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is a particularly interesting research target due to its low cost, good biocompatibility, outstanding stability in physiological conditions. Hydrothermal synthesis is one of several liquid-phase synthesis methods with water or an aqueous solution under high pressure and high temperature. This paper reports the growth of magnetic Fe₃O₄ particles from iron powder (spherical, <10 ㎛) through an alkaline hydrothermal process under the following conditions: (1) Different KOH molar concentrations and (2) different synthesis time for each KOH molar concentrations. The optimal condition for the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ using Fe powders is hydrothermal oxidation with 6.25 M KOH for 48 h, resulting in 89.2 emu/g of saturation magnetization at room temperature. The structure and morphologies of the synthesized particles are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, 2θ = 20°-80°) with Cu-kα radiation and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The magnetic properties of magnetite samples are investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The role of KOH in the formation of magnetite octahedron is observed.

음향방출법을 응용한 복합재 탄성판 착륙장치의 충격손상 평가

이기범,설창원,이강용,옹장우 ( Kee Bhum Lee,Chang Won Shul,Kang Yong Lee,Jang Woo Ong ) 한국복합재료학회 1995 Composites research Vol.8 No.3

도전하니까 되더라. = 스타농민이 되는 길 =

이기범,Lee, Gi-Beom 전국농업기술자협회 2009 농업기술회보 Vol.46 No.1

경항통에 대한 추나요법의 효과: 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석

이기범,하인혁,김호선,배영현,김노현,서창용,양규진,정유화,소민지,이윤재,Lee, Ki-Beom,Ha, In-Hyuk,Kim, Ho-Sun,Bae, Young-Hyun,Kim, No-Hyeon,Suh, Chang-Yong,Yang, Kyu-Jin,Jung, You-Hwa,So, Min-Ji,Lee, Yoon-Jae 척추신경추나의학회 2016 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Objectives : To determine the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy for neck pain Methods : We searched 7 electronic databases(OASIS, NDSL, Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane library, AMED, CNKI) to find all Randomized controlled trials that used Chuna manual therapy as a treatment for neck pain. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results : 7 RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of 7 studies showed favorable results for the use of Chuna manual therapy. High risk of bias were observed for performance bias and detection bias. Conclusions : Our systematic review found favorable results using Chuna manual therapy for neck pain. But there are several limitations in our study due to lack of well-designed RCT. To obtain stronger evidence, further clinical trials would be needed.

교통사고 잦은지점 선정방법 개발

이기범,이수범(Soo Beom Lee),김형진 대한교통학회 2001 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.40 No.-

이백(李白)과 두보(杜甫)의 논서시(論書詩) 연구(硏究)

이기범 ( Gi Bum Lee ) 한국한문고전학회 2012 漢文古典硏究 Vol.25 No.1

Early in Chinese culture, the handwriting has been coexisted the functional aspect as saying of delivering a record by simply transcribing a character, and the artistic aspect on how beautifully a character will be expressed. As the narrative culture is created by being invented writing brush in ancient times, these things of either historical documentaries or literary works have been recorded by description in a writing brush. A professional calligrapher appeared while calligraphy in the Han Dynasty(漢代) was recognized as art. Thus, an effort for expressing a record in this character more artistically was begun. In the meantime, calligraphy is art that has character as medium. Thus, even the contents of sentence, which becomes the subject of description, have great influence upon calligraphy of Seosaja(書寫者:calligrapher for the painting). A case of poem even among those literary works is nearly consistent with calligraphy in writing its sentiment through sympathy between any object and writer, thereby having many points of being conformed even out of other genres. In the Tang Dynasty, a poem was the most important literary expression. Thus, what composes a poem and writes such inspiration as calligraphic work was the general culture in the Tang Dynasty, which had been come down from many generations. There is great suggestion in a sense that the so-called calligraphy in the contemporary writers at that time is a method of directly transcribing sentence that they composed. At that time of having composed poem, almost all the parts need to be recorded with relying upon handwriting. At that time of needing to appreciate poem with first seeing the handwriting, a character first jumps to the eyes rather than the contents of poem. Thus, sentiment, which is delivered from handwriting, is very important. And when such sentiment is well harmonized with the contents of poem, the inspiration is doubled along with the contents of poem as for a person who appreciates a poem. Due to these factors, the famous poets at that time are joining the line of creating Nonseosi(論書詩:Discussible Poetry). Lee Baek(李白) and Du Bo(杜 甫) who had been great poets were not exceptional, too. Trying to divide 17 Su(首:piece)s of poetry, which had been left by Lee Baek and Du Bo, into form and content, one model was formally made on Nonseosi in future generations. Their Nonseosi could be divided comprehensively into first, a poem of having criticized handwriting, second, a poem of having depicted formative beauty in handwriting, third, a poem of having depicted achievement of Seoga(書家), and fourth, a poem of having become the beginning of Nonseo-Jeolgu(論書絶句). A poem of having criticized handwriting was represented by Lee Baek`s 「Wangugun(王右軍)」. A poem of having depicted the formal beauty in handwriting was made an example by Lee Baek`s 「Choseogahaeng(草書歌行)」and Du Bo`s「Ijopalbunsojeonga(李潮八分小篆 歌)」. Also, what a poem with 8 Su(首:piece)s of corresponding to a half conforms to this is the phenomenon of well reflecting the contemporary calligraphic style, and is also what was shown their tendency of trying to pursue the essence of Seo(書:writing) through beauty of handwriting. A poem of having sung the achievement of Seoga(書家) was represented by a work of Lee Baek`s 「Songhabingaekgwiwol(送賀賓客歸越)」. A poem of having become the beginning of Nonseo-Jeolgu(論書絶句) was Du Bo`s「Huiwiyukjeol(戱爲六 絶)」. Their aesthetic thoughts, which were shown in Nonseosi(論書詩) as the contextual classification, include Sugyeongmi(瘦硬美), Tongshinmi(通神美), and Sanggomi(尙古美). Sugyeongmi(瘦硬美) is what Du Bo embodied a concept of ‘Golryeok(骨力)’ or ‘Golgi(骨氣),`` which had been come down from the ancient times as his own. What handwriting in Tongshinmi needs to be made ``Shin (神:divine)`` was the common aesthetic thought that had been possessed by Lee Baek and Du Bo. Sanggomi(尙古美) is also Sango that is based on the inconsistency with ego ideal in political dissatisfaction of reality. Lee Baek pursued Wang Hui-ji. Du Bo respected Jeonye(篆隸). In light of the above, Lee Baek`s Nonseosi(論書詩) became the standard mainly in the formal aspect. Du Bo`s Nonseosi(論書詩) can be known to have become the standard in the contextual aspect. Haksija(學詩者)s had their poetry as an example. Thus, their Nonseosi(論書詩) had become an example for generations since then. It became an opportunity that Nonseosi(論書詩) revives greatly once again with reaching the Sosik(蘇軾) in the Song Dynasty.

목은 이색의 시문에 나타난 서예관 고찰

이기범(Lee, Gi-bum) 한국서예학회 2020 서예학연구 Vol.37 No.-

Mokeun(牧隱) Lee Saek(李穡, 1328-1396) was a scholar and writer who contributed greatly to the spread of Jujahak(朱子學) after studying in Yuan Dynasty and returning from abroad while living in a turbulent period of transition to the dynasty, which goes on to Joseon from Goryeo. He was ever respected as Yujong(儒宗) thanks to having trained Shinjin-Sadaebu(新進士大夫, new aristocrats) while acting as Seonggyun Daesaseong(成均館大司成), but was also a writer of great literature(大文豪) who left about 6000 poem(詩)s and around 200 prose(散文)s. He is a figure as well who left the most records in terms of calligraphy and painting(書畵) in the end of the Goryo Dynasty period. As for a modern scholar’s evaluation on Mokeun(牧隱), he is rated mostly as having Jaedo-based(載道的) literary view. However, Mokeun(牧隱) tended to show ‘Munjongdochul(文從道出)’ that affirmed the literary effective value. Because of this, even Mokeun(牧隱) himself left many poetic works. Moreover, as Sadaebu(士大夫) who learnt Jujahak(朱子學), which is neo-confucianism, most of his literary men became a leading figure in the founding of Joseon Dynasty. Thus, the tradition of affirming the literary effective value was continued until before the appearance of Sarimpa(士林派) in the mid-Joseon period. Munjongdochul(文從道出) as saying that this literature(文藝) of including calligraphy(書藝) needs to come from Do(道) is demanded cultivation(修養) so that literature and Do(道) can become the same stage. It was recognized that doing so leads to being available for the united stage of literature(文藝) and Do(道) and to what such calligraphy is true one. Hence, Nonseosi(論書詩, Discussible Poetry) that Mokeun(牧隱) described on writing recited natural scenery or objects, thereby having indicated the united state with Do(道). In this way, the natural objects that Mokeun(牧隱) expressed in poetry allowed a reader to have an opportunity of fostering an individual temperament(性情). Accordingly, the tendency was manifested that aims for a poetical style with Pyeongdam(平淡) and that hesitates to decorate sentence with a florid rhetoric(修辭法). This matter is closely related to the theory of poetic utility(效用論). With regard to King Gongmin(恭愍王)’s writing that left the most critical comment, six beautiful elements were suggested. And the six things that were presented corresponded to both the image of ideal king and the shape of Gunja(君子) that are requested in confucianism. That is to say, a king’s writing was emphasized with being regarded as the extreme point, which will need to be emulated by people, and as Gunja(君子)’s virtue, which originated from a king’s Deokhwa(德化). The critical style of poetry did put forward the possession of clean and elegant character with likening it to natural objects, and mentioned that even writing is naturally excellent because of having come from such clear personality. Unlike the poems by Lee Gyu-bo or Lee Gok, Lee Saek(李穡)’s poetry can be noticeably seen an interest in natural objects like ‘sky(天)’·‘wind(風)’·‘mountain(山).’ This shows the united state with Do(道) through natural objects. This seems to have intended to ultimately enlighten the contemporaries through poetry and prose(詩文). 목은(牧隱) 이색(李穡, 1328-1396)은 고려에서 조선으로 넘어가는 혼란했던 왕조교체기를 살아가며, 원나라에 유학하고 귀국하여 주자학의 보급에 공로가 큰 학자이자 문인이었다. 그는 성균관대사성(成均館大司成)을 지내며 신진사대부들을 양성하여 유종(儒宗)으로 추앙되기도 하였지만, 6000여 수의 시(詩)와 200여 편의 산문(散文)을 남긴 대문호이기도 하였다. 여말 서화(書畫)에 관한 가장 많은 기록을 남긴 인물이기도 하다. 목은에 대한 현대 학자의 평가는 대체로 재도적(載道的) 문학관을 지녔다고 평가하지만, 목은은 문예의 효용을 긍정한 ‘문종도출(文從道出)’의 경향을 나타내었다. 이 때문에 목은 자신도 많은 시작을 남겼을 뿐만 아니라, 그의 문인들은 신유학(新儒學)인 주자학을 익힌 사대부(士大夫)로서, 대부분 조선 건국의 주역이 되었음으로 문예를 효용을 긍정하는 전통은 조선 중기에 사림파(士林派)가 등장하기 전까지 계속되었다. 이러한 서예(書藝)를 포함한 문예(文藝)는 도(道)로부터 나와야 한다는 문종도출은, 문예가 도와 같은 경지가 되도록 수양(修養)이 요구된다. 그래야 문과 도가 합일된 경지를 이룰 수 있고, 그러한 서예가 진정한 서예라고 인식하였다. 그렇기에 목은이 글씨에 대하여 묘사한 논서시(論書詩)는 자연의 풍경이나 사물을 읊음으로써 도와 합일된 경지를 나타내었다. 이렇게 목은이 시에서 나타낸 자연 사물을 통하여 읽는 독자가 개인이 성정(性情)을 함양하는 계기가 되도록 하였다. 그래서 평담(平淡)한 시풍을 지향하고 화려한 수사법(修辭法)으로 문장을 꾸미는 것을 꺼리는 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 점은 시의 효용론(效用論)과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 가장 많은 비평을 남긴 공민왕의 글씨에 대해서는 여섯 가지 아름다운 요소를 제시하였다. 그리고 제시된 여섯 가지는 유학에서 요구하는 이상적인 임금상이요 군자(君子)의 형상이었다. 곧 임금의 글씨는 사람들이 본받아야 할 극치 점이요, 임금의 덕화에서 나온 군자의 덕이라 여겨 중시하였다. 시의 비평방식은 자연의 사물에 비유하면서 맑고 고아한 인품을 가졌음을 제시하고, 그러한 맑은 인품에서 나온 것이기에 글씨도 저절로 훌륭하다고 했다. 이색의 시는 이규보나 이곡의 시와는 달리 ‘천(天)’·‘풍(風)’·‘산(山)’과 같은 자연물에 대한 관심이 두드러짐을 볼 수 있는데, 이는 자연물을 통하여 도와 합일된 경지를 나타내고, 이는 결국 시문을 통하여 동시대 인을 교화하려는 의도 있었던 것으로 보인다.

국제점령법'체계에서 1907년 헤이그 육전규칙 제43조의 실효성

이기범(Lee Ki Beom) 국제법평론회 2014 국제법평론 Vol.0 No.40

Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations has been regarded as the most important provision in the international law of occupation. It articulates that the occupant "shall take all the measures in his power to restore, and ensure, as far as possible, public order and civil life, while respecting, unless absolutely prevented, the laws in force" in the occupied territory. According to Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations, there are two obligations imposed on the occupant (or the occupying power): the obligation to restore and ensure public order and civil life, and the obligation to respect local legislation in force in the occupied territory. However, there has been much controversy, over the last 100 years, on how to interpret Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations. It is also likely that the tension between the two obligations has led to the weakening of the normativity or effectiveness of Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations in some cases of international armed conflicts. Moreover, the adoption of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, the development of international human rights law and the existence of the resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations (UNSC) have refrained from fully discharging the obligation to respect local legislation in force dictated by Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations. Although the effectiveness of Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations seems to be reduced, it is, however, noted that the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, international human rights law and the resolutions of the UNSC do not replace but 'complement' Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations. It is also dubious whether the concept of International Territorial Administration (ITA) may exclude the application of Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations, because ITA can be regarded as an example of occupation. Therefore, there still exists the limitation on the competence of the occupant or the occupying power to modify or suspend local legislation in the occupied territory. Since the Second World War, the structure of the international law of occupation has become somewhat complicated because of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, international human rights law and the actions of the UNSC. However, Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations is still the most important provision in the international law of occupation, because there is no customary international law to replace the provision. Therefore, in the case of occupation, Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations should be the starting-point for discussing or solving occupation-related problems.

과실 모니터링 로봇을 위한 초음파 측위 시스템 적용 연구

이기범 ( Ki-beom Lee ),김만중 ( Man-jung Kim ),홍영기 ( Youngki Hong ),김경철 ( Kyoung-chul Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2

지속적인 농업 인구의 감소와 고령화로 인한 노동력 감소 문제를 해결하고 농업 생산성 향상을 위한 농업 자동화 연구가 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 특히, 온실 내에서의 자동화 연구에서는 과실의 상태와 환경 데이터 수집 및 관리가 필수적이며, 이를 위하여 각 과실에 대한 정확한 위치 정보와 자동화 모니터링 로봇 이동을 위한 위치추정 시스템이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 온실 내에서 과실 모니터링 로봇을 위한 실내 측위 시스템의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 Marvelmind Robotics의 실내 내비게이션 시스템을 이용한다. 높은 위치 정밀도를 보이는 Marvelmind Robotics의 초음파 기반의 실내 내비게이션 시스템은 고정형 비콘과 모바일 비콘, 모뎀으로 구성되며 TDoA(Time Difference of Arrival) 방식으로 위치를 추정한다. 온실 내에서 초음파 기반 측위 시스템의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 고정형 비콘 4개를 세로 26 m, 가로 12.4 m 간격의 사각형 형태로 배치하였다. 위치 정밀도 평가는 과실 모니터링 로봇에 설치되는 모바일 비콘을 총 8개의 포인트에 배치하여 각 고정형 비콘과의 거리 추정값과 실측값의 거리오차를 평가하였다. 실험결과는 배치된 고정형 비콘과의 거리오차는 약 1%에서 2% 내외의 결과를 보였으며, 전반적으로 거리에 비례하여 오차가 증가하는 현상을 확인하였다. 향후 고정형 비콘의 배치에 따른 성능 비교와 장애물이 있는 환경에서 초음파 측위 시스템의 정밀도를 측정하기 위하여 작물이 배치되어있는 온실에서 추가적인 실험을 수행할 계획이다.

주변 차량으로 인한 자율주행 자동차의 통합적 충돌 위험도 평가 방법론

이기범(Kibeom Lee),금동석(Dongsuk Kum) 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2018 No.11