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사회주의 국가와의 협력적 개발: 싱가포르 사례와 남북경협에 주는 시사점
이관옥,Lee, Kwan Ok 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2019 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.10 No.4
Singapore, a city state with less than 6 million population, has continued successful cooperative development and become one of the most successful Asian countries in exporting expertise in urban and real estate development. This research aims to analyze Singapore's cooperative development with socialist countries including China and Vietnam from Singapore's perspective as an investor. For cooperative development projects in China, Singapore adopted Singapore-style physical urban planning concepts as well as its own institutional and administrative systems. Singapore-Vietnam cooperative development managed to acquire profitable land and diversify its portfolio in terms of industry types and rents. This made Singapore's industrial parks more competitive than other parks in Vietnam. By showcasing successful project implementation in China and Vietnam, Singapore has proved that its model for industrial park and urban development is transferable. Singapore's success in cooperative development with socialist countries provides important implications for future cooperative development between South and North Korea. For example, phased development approaches starting from individual industrial parks expanding to mixed-use townships will be very useful to realize sustainable urban planning in North Korea and reduce financial risks. Singapore dominated development opportunities in advance when socialist countries opened their economy. To pattern ourselves after Singapore, we should not only improve our relationship with North Korea but also prepare with practical components such as financing and organizational structure.
인간공학적 평가 기법(OWAS,RULA,REBA,QEC)의 비교
이관석(Kwan S. Lee),염정원(Jung W. Yeom),허학무(Hak M. Hur),손종민(Jong M. Sohn),옥동민(Dong M. Oak),박상근(Sang G. Park) 대한인간공학회 2009 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11
우리나라에서는 2002 년 이후 근골격계 질환자의 수가 급증하여 2003 년 산업안전보건법의 개정으로 산업안전보건기준에 관한 규칙에 근골격계 부담작업에 의한 건강장해 예방기준이 마련되면서, 근골격계 질환에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 작업 현장의 근골격계 질환을 일으킬 수 있는 작업을 평가하기 위하여 OWAS, RULA, REBA 등 여러 가지 분석 기법이 인간 공학 전문가에 의하여 사용되어 왔으나 기법 간의 차이나 적합성에 대한 연구는 미미하다. 또한 QEC 는 진동, 반복성 등의 요소를 고려할 수 있도록 만들어진 평가 방법이나 널리 쓰이고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 자동차공장과 제철 공장에서의 작업을 기준으로 근골격계 질환 평가를 위한 분석 기법의 비교 평가와 적합성을 분석하는 것이다.
How (Un)affordable is housing in developing Asia?
Matthias Helble,이관옥,Ma. Adelle Gia Arbo 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2021 도시과학국제저널 Vol.25 No.1
While housing affordability is well documented for developed countries, we still lack systematic analyses and cross-city comparisons for developing countries. This paper aims to contribute to the relevant literature by comparatively analyzing city-level housing unaffordability of 211 cities in 27 developing countries located in the Asia-Pacific region. The average price-to-income ratio (PIR) for our sample is above 12.5, which indicates that housing is severely unaffordable for the large majority of urban dwellers in developing Asia. Using a regression-based approach, we find evidence that the housing unaffordability tends to increase for cities with larger population and lower household income. Our results also demonstrate that the extent of housing unaffordability in developing Asia is substantially higher compared with cities in developed countries. Potential reasons include slower supply responses, lower household income spent on housing, relatively higher construction costs, rigid land use regulations and inefficient planning systems. If housing remains out of reach for in-migrants and newly formed households in most existing urban areas of developing countries, their potential of further urbanization and economic growth is likely to be undermined.
Housing affordability: a framing, synthesis of research and policy, and future directions
George Galster,이관옥 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2021 도시과학국제저널 Vol.25 No.1
We synthesize the vast, international scholarly literature related to the growing problem of housing affordability. As a foundation for assessing both the causes of housing affordability problems and possible policies for alleviating them, we take a systematic, holistic perspective and specify nine structural relationships for a metropolitan area that comprehensively delineate the determinants of housing affordability. We discuss concepts and measures of housing affordability, evidence on the primary causes and effects of unaffordable housing, alternative policy approaches, potential future trends in affordability, and suggestions for further research. While focusing on the most recent, high-quality empirical evidence, we also rely on previously published reviews and seminal papers in order to provide historical perspective on how the literature has evolved. Our reconnaissance of the international literature since 2008 demonstrates that although evaluation research in the context of western, developed countries’ housing policies has dominated, increasingly such research has emerged from other countries.
COVID-19 impact on city and region: what’s next after lockdown?
강명구,최열,김정섭,이관옥,이수기,박인권,박지영,서일원 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2020 도시과학국제저널 Vol.24 No.3
COVID-19 is unique in that it is spread through everyday contact with other people. Therefore, social protective measures, beyond medical protective measures, such as social distancing, lockdowns, border closures, and human tracing are initiated to control the spread of COVID-19. Such responses have produced secondary issues such as drastic changes in people’s way of life and work, housing instability, economic shock, and privacy issues. This paper examines the four domains of urban and regional issues related to the secondary impact of COVID-19, including (1) social distancing, urban structure, community, and density; (2) housing affordability; (3) lockdowns, border closures, reshoring, and regional economic recovery; and (4) smart city technology, contact tracing, and privacy. The following six recommendations have been proposed. First, institutional and cultural factors are more important than urban features, such as population density. To handle infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is important to build systems, technology, infrastructure, and urban structures that can strengthen resilience instead of implementing a directionless policy of dispersion. Second, it is necessary to improve accessibility to essential services at the community level, including medical facilities and food supply. Third, continuous effort should be made to boost housing affordability, as it is directly related to people’s basic life. Fourth, measures are needed to protect those people who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. There is also the need to restore global trade and economic relations. Fifth, since data technology-based COVID-19 control raises the human tracing and privacy issue, we must ensure the principles of privacy management, such as transparency and voluntary consent, are being met. Finally, since COVID-19 is spread through people, individuals may become anxious and fearful of others without grounds; this may increase prejudice and hatred, including xenophobia. Significant social effort is needed to overcome such ill-defined anxiety and fear and maintain a healthy civil society.